心胸外科泌尿系统感染原因分析及临床治疗探析

目的：分析心胸外科患者术后泌尿系统感染原因及临床治疗探析。方法：将2011年6月-2013年6月在本院进行心胸外科手术治疗的100例泌尿系统感染的患者分成感染组和非感染组，对其基本资料进行详细调查，并对人院后病例进行调查，收集相关数据，对数据进行统计分析，以分析泌尿系统感染的因素并探析其治疗方法。结果：发现糖尿病、导尿管拔管时问、是否进行抗菌药物预防性治疗与心胸外科患者术后泌尿系统感染有密切关系。结论：影响心胸外科术后泌尿系统感染的因素有糖尿病史、导尿管拔管时间、是否进行抗菌药物预防性治疗，针对上述因素探析相应的护理干预。     

Thrombelastographic hypercoagulability and antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass surgery (TEG-CABG trial): a randomized controlled trial

A hypercoagulable state has, in observational studies, been associated with increased risk of thromboembolic events. The aim of this trial was to study whether dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with clopidogrel in addition to aspirin could reduce the rate of graft occlusions, thromboembolic events, and death compared to aspirin monotherapy in hypercoagulable patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. A total of 1683 patients were screened for eligibility, among which 165 patients were randomized and 133 patients underwent multislice computed tomography scan to evaluate their grafts. Thrombelastography (TEG) and multiplate aggregometry were performed before and after surgery, and again at three months follow up. TEG hypercoagulability was defined as the maximum amplitude above 69 mm. At three months follow up, 17 out of 66 (25.7%) DAPT patients and 15 of 67 (22.4%) aspirin patients had significant graft stenosis or occlusions (p = 0.839). Saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) were stenosed or occluded in 15 (22.7%) patients in the DAPT group and 7 (10.4%) in the aspirin group (p = 0.167). Thromboembolic events and death after the second postoperative day (when clopidogrel was started) were numerically, but not statistically, lower in the DAPT group, 3 (3.8%) vs. 8 (9.9%), p = 0.211. In univariate logistic regression analysis, only postoperative day 4 platelet response to aspirin measured with multiplate was correlated with graft occlusion, OR 1.020 [1.002–1.039], p = 0.033. This is the first trial to test the hypothesis of intensified antiplatelet therapy in hypercoagulable patients. Due to the low enrollment and high loss to follow up, our results can only be viewed as hypothesis generating. We found a high rate of graft occlusions in this patient population. Our results were not suggestive of that DAPT improved saphenous vein graft patency. A trend was observed in patients on DAPT toward fewer MI and deaths. Postoperative response to aspirin therapy was found to be associated with early SVG occlusion.     

负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在治疗骨创伤创面软组织损伤中的临床疗效评价

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在治疗骨创伤创面软组织损伤中的临床疗效。方法将80例骨创伤创面软组织损伤患者按照抽签方法随机分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组予常规换药治疗,观察组行负压封闭引流技术(VSD)治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组患者10 d内换药率为100%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01);对照组Ⅱ期手术处理时间、治疗后创面面积、换药次数、应用抗生素费用、住院时间以及植皮优良率分别为(14.59±3.29)d、(14.11±1.78)cm2、(9.34±1.28)次、(2 102±125)元、(29.43±1.57)d及70.00%,观察组分别为(9.02±1.38)d、(10.22±1.54)cm2、(1.78±0.36)次、(1 688±101)元、(16.27±0.89)d及90.00%,两组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论负压封闭引流技术(VSD)应用于骨创伤创面软组织损伤的临床治疗之中效果明显,值得推广和应用。     

2008～2011年广州市手足口病重复感染情况分析

目的 了解2008～2011年广州市手足口病发病人群手足口病重复感染情况.方法 采用描述性流行病学研究方法对2008～2011年广州市手足口病重复感染病例进行分析.结果 2008～2011年广州市共有1711名手足口病重复感染病例,重复感染病例发生率3.36％,每次感染均为实验室确诊病例1 05例,首次感染不同的肠道病毒后,二次感染手足口病病毒类型差别有统计学意义(x2=25.233,P＜0.001).结论 手足口病重复感染实验室结果证实了导致手足口病的肠道病毒之间感染后不能形成有效的交叉保护,同一类型肠道病毒感染引起手足口病后是否能获得持久性特异性免疫力需进一步研究.     

人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病48例

目的:探讨人血丙种球蛋白对重症手足口病(神经系统受累期)早期治疗的临床体会,为重症手足口病的临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性总结分析我院在2012年8月至2013年9月期间收治的96例重症手足口病患者的临床病例资料,随机分为治疗组和对照组各48例,两组均用利巴韦林、甲基泼尼松龙和甘露醇治疗,治疗组加人血丙种球蛋白进行治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果及死亡率。结果:治疗组和对照组临床疗效及死亡率差异有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:早期应用人血丙种球蛋白治疗重症手足口病疗效好,住院天数缩短,死亡率明显下降。     

基于DEA模型的生活垃圾转运站产能及效率评价的初步研究

结合最新颁布实施的CJJ/T 156—2010生活垃圾转运站评价标准,选取相应评价指标,采用DEA模型对垃圾转运站的产能及效率进行评价,并通过MATLAB程序,使评价模型操作简单化。