Prenatally-counseled congenital diaphragmatic hernia parents exhibit positive well-being before and after surgical repair

Background/Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of prenatal counseling in the Advanced Fetal Care Center (AFCC) on the well-being of parents of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods

From 2008 through 2012, 26 mothers and fathers of surgically repaired CDH patients who received prenatal counseling at our institution, and 15 who received no prenatal counseling, each completed the Short-Form 36 version 1 (SF-36v1) at the appropriate time points: prenatal, two weeks, and six months post-surgery.

Results

Parents in both groups did not differ by demographic characteristics. Patients who received prenatal counseling had significantly longer ventilatory time and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and in the hospital compared to those who did not receive prenatal counseling (all P < .01). Mothers and fathers had similar SF-36v1 mental and physical component summary (MCS, PCS) post-surgery scores when compared by counseling status. Prenatal MCS scores for mothers and fathers (47 vs. 41; P = .24) were similar to those at six months post-surgery (47 vs. 47; P = .90).

Conclusions

When hospital LOS was controlled between groups stratified by AFCC counseling status, MCS scores were comparable prenatally and were sustained at six months post-surgery for both parents. These findings may reflect the support services parents received beginning in the prenatal period.     

Dyssynergic defecation may play an important role in postoperative Hirschsprung's disease patients with severe persistent constipation : Analysis of a case series

Background

After surgery for Hirschsprung's disease (HD) the majority of patients have satisfactory clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, a substantial number of patients remain who suffer from severe persistent constipation. Current consensus attributes these complaints to the hallmarks of HD. In non-HD patients a cause for severe constipation is dyssynergic defecation.

Methods

Retrospectively, we reviewed the medical records of ten postoperative HD patients with severe persistent constipation who had undergone extensive anorectal function tests to diagnose the reason for the constipation. We analyzed the results of these tests.

Results

During the last three years, ten postoperative HD patients with severe persistent constipation were given extensive anorectal function tests. All ten patients were diagnosed with dyssynergic defecation. The ages at the time of diagnosis ranged from 7 to 19 years with a median age of 12 years. Signs of an enlarged rectum were seen in all ten patients, with a maximum measured value of 845 mL.

Conclusions

Patients with HD may also suffer from dyssynergic defecation. It is important to consider this possibility when dealing with severe persistent constipation in postoperative HD patients. Viable options for treating dyssynergic defecation are available that could prevent irreversible long-term complications.     

T-cell activation Rho GTPase–activating protein expression varies with inflammation location and severity in Crohn's disease

Background

The T-cell activation Rho GTPase–activating protein (TAGAP) gene has a regulatory role in T cell activation. We have previously suggested a correlation between the TAGAP-associated single nucleotide polymorphism rs212388 and protection from anal sepsis in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. The present study sought to evaluate TAGAP's expression in colonic tissue of CD patients with varying disease severity and location.

Materials and methods

Five transverse, 17 left, and five sigmoid colectomy specimens from 27 CD patients with varying disease severity (16 male, mean age at diagnosis 26.4 ± 2.2 y) were evaluated for TAGAP messenger RNA expression. Fisher exact, Mann–Whitney, and Welch two-sample t-tests were used for statistical evaluation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed results.

Results

Patients with tissue demonstrating lower TAGAP messenger RNA expression (less than the overall mean) were younger at diagnosis (mean age 21.1 ± 6.3 versus 32.5 ± 13 y, P = 0.009). Increased TAGAP expression was seen in moderate or severely diseased tissue versus tissue with no or mild disease (RQ = 1.3 ± 0.34 versus 0.53 ± 0.09, P = 0.050). This was the most dramatic in the sigmoid colon (P = 0.041). TAGAP expression was increased in more distal tissue with a significant difference seen when comparing transverse versus sigmoid colon with moderate or severe disease (0.51 ± 0.14 versus 1.9 ± 0.37, P = 0.049).

Conclusions

Colonic expression of TAGAP in CD patients varied according to disease severity and location, being the most elevated in patients with severe disease in the sigmoid colon. Whether changes in TAGAP expression are a result of disease response or inherent to the disease pathophysiology itself remains to be determined. This gene warrants further investigation for its role in CD.     

双尖钢板技术治疗髋臼后壁骨折

目的 探讨双尖钢板在治疗髋臼后壁骨折中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年7月-2012年7月应用双尖钢板技术治疗的11例髋臼后壁骨折,其中男8例,女3例,年龄22 ～ 53岁,平均35.3岁,受伤至手术时间为1～19d,平均7.8d.所有患者均采取Kocher-langenbeck入路,取AO1/3管型钢板制成双尖钢板,结合重建钢板固定后壁骨折块.术后采用Matta复位标准评价骨折复位情况,采用改良Merled'Aubigne和Postel标准评定髋关节功能.结果 本组11例患者获得平均25个月(12 ～33个月)门诊或电话随访.末次随访时骨折复位质量:优7例,良3例,可1例,差0例,优良率90.9％;根据Merled'Aubigne和Postel评分标准评定患者疗效:优6例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率81.8％.其中术后1例患者发生异位骨化;无感染、无股骨头缺血性坏死、无创伤性关节炎等并发症的发生.结论 对于髋臼后壁存在无法用螺钉固定的骨折块或存在臼缘小型骨折块时,双尖钢板结合重建钢板可以提供坚强、牢靠的固定,术后患者功能恢复好,是一项有效的固定方式.     

手术治疗肩胛骨喙突移位骨折9例分析

目的：探讨手术内固定治疗移位喙突骨折的临床疗效.方法：自2005年1月至2012年7月,手术内固定治疗移位喙突骨折9例,其中男6例,女3例;年龄20～57岁,平均40.1岁.根据Eyres分型：ⅡB型3例,ⅡA型1例,ⅢB型3例,ⅤA型2例.患者均有外伤史,术前经X线片及CT证实喙突骨折.术后按照Herscovici疗效评定标准对肩关节进行功能评定.结果：9例患者中7例获得随访,时间6～18个月,平均11个月.患者伤口Ⅰ期愈合,喙突骨折均达骨性愈合,肩锁关节复位良好.按Herscovici疗效评定标准：优6例,良1例.结论：手术内固定可恢复移位型喙突骨折喙突正常的生理解剖位置,有利于患肢功能恢复.     

复位股骨大粗隆顶点骨折对PFNA治疗不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折预后的影响

目的评估应用股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折术中将股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位对预后的影响。方法合并股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折的不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折46例,股骨大粗隆顶点局部骨折复位固定26例（复位组）,未复位固定20例（未复位组）。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分。结果复位组较未复位组手术时间更长、术中出血量更多,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;但复位组在术后并发症及末次随访时髋关节的功能恢复方面明显优于未复位组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;而2组在骨折愈合时间、术后第2天血红蛋白及白蛋白水平方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论复位固定移位的股骨大粗隆顶点骨折能够提高PFNA主钉进针定位的准确性,降低股骨大粗隆外侧壁继发性骨折的发生率,改善术后髋关节功能,减少术后隐性出血量。     

下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的原因分析及手术治疗

目的探讨下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的原因、再次手术治疗方式及临床疗效。方法自2010-01—2012-06诊治下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连41例,分析骨不连原因,选择更换内固定物或保留髓内钉附加接骨板固定,并对营养不良型和萎缩型骨不连取自体髂骨植骨。结果骨不连分型：肥大型7例,营养不良型19例,萎缩型15例。27例原骨折固定技术存在明显力学错误,14例嗜烟。再次手术后获15~34（21.7±9.3）个月随访,术后切口均一期愈合。骨折均骨性愈合,股骨干愈合时间（8.6±3.3）个月,胫骨干愈合时间（9.3±4.4）个月。临床疗效按Johner-Wruhs评分标准：股骨干优良率90.0%,胫骨干优良率90.1%。结论骨折断端的血供被破坏、骨折不稳定、嗜烟是下肢骨干骨折术后骨不连的主要原因,针对不同原因骨不连而采用恰当的手术治疗能取得良好的疗效。     

切开复位内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的回顾性分析

目的：总结肱骨髁间骨折切开复位内固定手术经验。方法对68例肱骨髁间骨折患者行开放复位内固定手术治疗。结果68例患者平均随访时间22个月（14～42个月）。3例老年患者术后鹰嘴截骨处延迟愈合,2例青少年患者经鹰嘴截骨入路术后鹰嘴骨骺损伤,7例出现肘关节异位骨化,5例发生创伤性关节炎,1例出现迟发性尺神经炎。根据Mayo肘关节功能评分平均为85．6分,其中优30例,良25例,可7例,差6例,优良率为80．9％。结论肱骨髁间骨折应根据患者年龄及骨骼质量选择合理的手术方式。成人采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路大多可获得满意的临床疗效,老年严重骨质疏松患者慎用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路,骨骺发育未成熟的青少年应减少对骨骺的损伤。     

脊柱结核临床治疗要点回顾分析

目的 探讨脊柱结核临床治疗的要点。方法 回顾性分析2001-01-2010-01,我科收治的脊柱结核并脊髓损伤患者105例。化疗后3-4周手术,采用一期前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定手术治疗,术后严格强化四联抗结核治疗,术后3个月改三联化疗9-15个月。神经功能障碍改善情况采用ASIA神经功能评价,对其神经功能恢复、病灶愈合及内固定情况等进行分析研究。结果 1例术后3月后因结核性脑膜炎医治无效死亡。1例术后4月出现臀部脓肿复发,原发病灶未复发,再次手术清除后治愈。所有患者获随访4-12年,平均7.8年。脊柱病灶无复发。血沉均恢复正常,随访末期X线片均获骨性融合。结论 脊柱结核临床治疗要点应在标准化疗基础上尽早手术,一期病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗,效果满意。     

胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术66例报告

目的：探讨胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术的临床效果。方法2002年1月～2013年1月采用胸部小切口取左乳内动脉（ left internal mammary artery,LIMA）心脏不停跳冠状动脉搭桥术66例。胸骨下段小切口59例,采用全麻、单腔气管插管,平卧位,倒“L”胸骨下段切口;胸骨旁小切口5例,采用全麻、双腔气管插管,平卧位左胸抬高30＆#176;,左前外侧第4或第5肋切口,用特制牵开器（法国圣骑士公司）牵开肋骨,游离乳内动脉,使用冠脉固定器下行冠脉吻合;2例胸腔镜辅助下完成乳内动脉与左前降支的吻合。结果66例均完成左乳内动脉至前降支的吻合,2例追加大隐静脉降主动脉至第一对角支的吻合。无围术期死亡。60例随访0．5～8年,（5．5±2．5）年,心绞痛症状消失42例,明显减轻24例。术后冠状动脉CT检查16例,冠脉造影12例,LIMA与左前降支（ left anterior descending, LAD）吻合口满意率100％,支架内再狭窄1例,大隐静脉桥血管闭塞1例。结论胸部小切口冠状动脉搭桥术主要适用于心脏前壁冠状动脉尤其是前降支的的再血管化,安全可靠,中期疗效好,在合并高危因素或常规冠状动脉搭桥术和经皮冠状动脉介入术效果不满意者中应用更佳。