Relations of hippocampal volume and dentate gyrus width to gonadal hormone levels in male and female meadow voles

The present study examined hippocampal volume and dentate gyrus width and their relations to gonadal hormone levels in adult male and female meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Females were split into High and Low Estradiol groups based on the median estradiol level. Males were similarly split into High and Low Testosterone groups. Contrary to previous reports in wild meadow voles, there was no evidence of an overall sex difference in hippocampal volume. However, when male-female comparisons were limited to High Testosterone males and Low Estradiol females a significant sex difference in hippocampal volume favouring males did emerge. Hippocampal volume in males was related to testosterone level, with High Testosterone males having significantly larger hippocampi than Low Testosterone males. Similarly, there was a significant influence of plasma estradiol level on hippocampal volume and left dentate gyrus width, with High Estradiol females having larger hippocampi and dentate gyrus width than Low Estradiol females. In addition, consistent with previous findings in the laboratory rat, there were sex differences favouring males in right dentate gyrus width. These findings show that there is a complex relationship between hippocampal volume, dentate gyrus width and gonadal hormone levels in male and female meadow voles.     

Gonadal axis hormones in male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol and after switch to risperidone

Rationale: The atypical neuroleptic risperidone, in addition to its dopamine receptor blocking activity, has a high affinity for serotonergic receptors. Since both dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal activities participate in regulation of the pituitary – gonadal axis (PGA), it is expected that a switch from treatment with haloperidol to treatment with risperidone should influence plasma levels of PGA hormones. Objective: To study the effects of a drug with dopamine and serotonin receptor blocking activity on PGA hormones in patients who were on treatment with a dopamine receptor blocker. Methods: Plasma levels of testosterone, luteinizing harmone (LH) and follicle stimulating harmone (FSH), as well as prolactin and cortisol, were measured in 16 male schizophrenic patients during treatment with haloperidol (mean dose 23.3 mg daily, SD = 16.9) and 6 weeks later after switching to treatment with risperidone (mean dose 11.8 mg daily, SD = 2.9). Psychopathology was assessed by BPRS. Results: After switching to risperidone, total BPRS score and the scores in its subscales for positive, negative, and general symptoms were all significantly reduced in the order of 35–45%. Prolactin levels were significantly increased from 39.5 ± 22.3 to 58.9 ± 28.5 ng/ml (F = 4.61, P = 0.04), while cortisol, testosterone, LH, and FSH remained unchanged. No significant correlations between prolactin increases and reduction in BPRS or in its subscale scores were found. Conclusions: The results show that blocking of both dopamine and serotonin receptors does not influence the pituitary – gonadal axis but considerably increases prolactin release. Received: 29 June 1998/Final version: 23 October 1998     

Evaluation of various doses of testosterone on accessory reproductive organs and plasma testosterone in intact and gonadectomized rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The effect of 10 days i.m. treatment of testosterone propionate (TP) on plasma testosterone and accessory reproductive organs were studied in adult (6 to 6 1/2 kg) male rhesus monkeys, housed under natural light conditions using six different dose levels. The study was scheduled in the month of September and October. To maintain the weight of accessory reproductive organs and testosterone levels in castrates, different dose levels of exogenous testosterone propionate were required: 3.2 mg/d for seminal vesicles, 4.8 mg/d for ventral prostate and 3.2 mg/d for plasma testosterone titer. The levels of so-called "physiological" doses of exogenous testosterone varied for various target organs under consideration. TP at a dose of 0.4 mg/d had a depressing effect on plasma testosterone in intact monkeys. For higher doses, plasma testosterone increased roughly similarly in both intact and castrated monkeys. It suggests that with otherwise "physiological" doses of testosterone propionate, there is an almost complete blockage of endogenous testosterone secretion.     

肺癌患者血清中性激素水平与肿瘤临床病理特征关系的研究

目的 :探讨肺癌患者血清中性激素水平与肿瘤临床病理特征的关系及其临床意义。方法 :采用化学发光免疫分析方法测定 6 0例肺癌患者 (包括 15例绝经后女性患者 )、30例健康人群血清中雌二醇 (estradiol,E2 )、睾酮 (testosterone,T)、孕激素 (progestin ,P)、卵泡刺激素 (folliclestimulatinghormone ,FSH)、黄体生成素 (lutenisinghormone,LH)及催乳素 (prolactin)水平。结果 :与正常人群相比 ,肺癌患者血清中T降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,E2 、E2 /T比值升高 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;伴随肿瘤体积增大 ,E2 水平逐渐升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;小细胞肺癌患者血清中E2 值及E2 /T比值较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤患者E2 值及E2 /T比值明显高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者分别 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ;而血清中性激素水平与患者年龄及肿瘤大体类型无关 (P>0 0 5 )。结论 :男性及绝经后女性肺癌患者血清中存在性激素代谢的失衡与紊乱 ;临床检测肺癌患者血清中性激素T、E2 及E2 /T比值有助于肿瘤的早期诊断、判断病理分期及预后判断 ;肺癌可能为性激素依赖性肿瘤。     

不同前列腺组织中睾酮及双氢睾酮含量测定的研究

目的　研究雄激素在前列腺增生症及前列腺癌发生中的作用。　方法　分别测定正常人、前列腺增生症患者以及前列腺癌患者血清和前列腺组织中睾酮 (T)及双氢睾酮 (DHT)的浓度。　结果　表明随着年龄增长 ,正常人血清中T水平逐渐下降而DHT浓度保持相对稳定。前列腺增生症或前列腺癌患者血清中两种雄激素浓度与正常对照组相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期服用非那雄胺治疗的前列腺增生症患者血清中的DHT水平明显降低而T水平基本不变。各种组织中DHT的含量均为T的几十倍以上 ,前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的含量明显高于正常组织 (P<0 0 1) ,而各组之间组织中睾酮含量差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 )。长期应用非那雄胺治疗前列腺增生患者组织中DHT的含量没有明显降低 ,而且不同部位增生组织中DHT的含量差异有显著性意义。　结论　前列腺增生症及前列腺癌组织中DHT的高浓度积聚与其发病密切相关 ,组织中DHT的积聚可能是由于前列腺局部 5a 还原酶增高所致 ,而且前列腺组织中可能存在着不止一种 5a 还原酶的作用。     

输精管结扎兔睾丸IL-1与血浆睾酮变化的研究

为了探讨输精管结扎术后睾丸IL—1的活性、来源及其与睾酮变化的关系,同步检测了结扎6、25个月家兔辜丸匀浆上清IL—1活性和血浆睾酮含量,并进行了睾丸组织IL—lmRNA的原位杂交.结果表明:(1)睾丸组织匀浆上清IL-1活性以VG6为高,与SOG6比较有显著差异(P<0.01);(2)睾丸组织IL-1mRNA的原位杂交,VG6中IL-lmRNA的杂交信号明显强于其他各组,杂交信号主要分布在曲细精管内的 Sertoli细胞和生殖细胞,也见于间质中的某些细胞中;(3)血浆睾酮含量结扎术后6个月明显降低,与对照组比有显著差异(P<0.05),IL-1活性与血浆睾酮含量呈明显的负相关关系(r=-0.595,P<0.01).故推测,结扎早期睾丸炎症所引起的巨噬细胞活化和Sertoli细胞吞噬变性精子和残余体过程增强,可能是睾丸IL-1的主要来源.输精管结扎术后IL-1活性的一过性升高可能是睾酮含量下降的原因.IL-1可能作为旁分泌调节因子抑制Leydig细胞睾酮合成.     

氯乙酸甲酯亚慢性染毒大鼠睾丸组织和血清睾酮水平变化

目的研究氯乙酸甲酯亚慢性染毒大鼠睾丸功能和组织学变化。方法将55只雄性大鼠随机分成5组,4个剂量组分别给予4.3、8.6、17.2和34.4mg/kg的氯乙酸甲酯,对照组给予生理盐水共13周,观察睾丸和附睾组织形态学的变化,检测精子活力、精子计数以及精子畸形率,血清睾酮水平和睾丸细胞的凋亡率。结果高剂量染毒组睾丸脏器系数、血清睾酮水平、睾丸细胞凋亡率[0.85±0.05、(5.93±2.75)μg/L、(18.22±7.03)%]与对照组[0.80±0.09、(14.70±8.04)μg/L、(6.40±4.51)%]之间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论最高剂量氯乙酸甲酯处理大鼠睾丸和血清睾酮水平有变化。     

郑州市初中矮身材学生致矮因素分析

目的分析矮身材儿童的致矮因素,为开展针对性干预措施、降低矮身材发生率提供依据.方法对郑州市4所中学初中生3 240名进行身高测量,筛选出92例矮身材儿童为研究对象,将正常身高儿童1∶1与之配对,进行问卷调查、体格测量、骨龄判定、血清激素及头发微量元素测定.结果矮身材检出率为3.21%;病例与对照组间父母身高、骨龄差异有显著性(P<0.001),出生方式、出生体重差异有显著性(P值分别<0.05和0.01);矮身材儿童偏食者多、缺乏体育活动,两组差异有显著性(P值分别<0.05和0.01);矮身材组血清睾酮均值低于对照组(P<0.001),睾酮与身高、骨龄之间存在正相关性.结论矮身材发生与父母身材矮小、难产、低出生体重、偏食、体育活动少、血清睾酮水平偏低等因素有关;儿童少年矮身材多为体质性生长发育迟缓.     

血清苗勒氏抑制物质值的测定与小儿泌尿生殖器畸形的关系

目的探讨小儿血清苗勒氏抑制物质(Mullerian Inhibiting Substance,MIS)水平变化与小儿泌尿生殖器畸形的关系.方法通过测定我院非泌尿生殖器疾病的2～14岁男、女病人,隐睾病人血清MIS、睾酮(Testosterone ,T)值了解⑴男、女体内MIS值的区别、变化规律;⑵MIS和T值的关系;⑶隐睾病人血清MIS值与非泌尿生殖器疾病病人血清MIS值的变化.结果⑴男性非泌尿系统疾病病人血清MIS值1岁后呈逐渐下降曲线,均值从(797.03±246.12)pmol/L至(81.74±38.40)pmol/L有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑵睾酮在青春发育期前很低,至青春发育期开始升高(P＜0.01).并且用S-N-K法组间比较发现从13岁起T值有明显的上升(P＜0.05).⑶非泌尿系统男性病人血清睾酮和其MIS变化呈负相关,r= -0..314,P＜0.05.⑷1～14岁非泌尿系统女性病人血清MIS值最高52.87pmol/l,最低为0 pmol/L,平均16.38 pmol/L.各年龄段之间无明显差异(P>0.05).但性别对于MIS值有非常显著的影响(排除年龄影响因素)(P＜0.01).⑸隐睾病人的 MIS值与同龄儿相比较,1～11岁无明显差别(P>0.05),12～14岁有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 MIS由男性睾丸塞托利细胞及女性卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,T由睾丸来迪希细胞分泌.因此MIS、T值的水平可以间接反映睾丸塞托利细胞和来迪希细胞的发育情况.本实验结果1～14岁男孩血清MIS值呈逐渐下降趋势.MIS对出生后睾丸的发育起直接的调节作用.本实验发现隐睾病人青春发育前期血清MIS与同年龄的对照组相比,有统计学意义.1～14岁男、女性血清MIS值有明显的差异.女性体内血清MIS异常的增高应被怀疑体内有睾丸或颗粒细胞瘤的可能.男性体内MIS值过低应被怀疑生殖器发育不良或睾丸缺如及体内有卵巢存在等可能.因此通过测定血清MIS值可以了解双侧阴囊、腹股沟未触及睾丸病人及两性畸形病人体内是否有睾丸的存在.     

维生素B6生殖毒性研究

目的研究维生素氏（Vitamin B6，Vit B6）对雄性大鼠的生殖毒性作用。方法灌胃染毒雄性成年Spraguc—Dawley大鼠0，140，280和560mg/kg VitB6，每天1次，连续4周，观察性腺和附属性腺脏器系数及组织形态学、精子质量和血清睾酮（T）等指标的变化。利用离体组织培养和放射免疫技术，观察不同浓度的vim6（0，0．1mg/ml，1mg/ml，10mg/ml和20mg/m1）是否对体外培养大鼠睾丸碎块睾酮的分泌有直接作用。结果Vim6 560mg／kg剂量组大鼠睾丸、附睾、前列腺和精囊腺脏器系数明显降低；精子数量和精子存活率减少，精子活力降低，精子畸形率增高，血清T无变化；睾丸和附睾病理切片光镜下各级生殖细胞减少，可见精曲小管有精子细胞脱落、精子细胞变性坏死、支持细胞肿胀、微管稀少，间质细胞和血管内皮细胞无明显异常；VitB6 280mg／kg剂量组在睾丸重量和精子活力与存活率方面与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。Vim6各剂量组睾丸培养液中睾酮的含量与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论VitB6能诱导雄性大鼠生殖毒性，但对睾丸分泌睾酮没有直接的抑制作用，可能对间质细胞正常功能没有影响。