腹腔镜下卵巢畸胎瘤剥除术中减少瘤体破裂的手术方法的临床探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜下剥除卵巢畸胎瘤术中减少瘤体破裂的手术方法。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2009年12月间因卵巢畸胎瘤在杭州市第一人民医院妇科住院行腹腔镜下剥出术的患者254例,排除其中恶性2例,根据手术方法分成A组(施行改进的腹腔镜下畸胎瘤剥除手术:双极电凝畸胎瘤包膜,不带电电凝勾勾开电凝处包膜,然后利用双极电凝钳边剥离边凝血,遇到粘连剥离困难时电凝粘连带后剪开)51例,B组(施行传统的腹腔镜下畸胎瘤剥除手术)201例,对比分析两组的手术时间、术中出血量、畸胎瘤破裂率、术后肛门排气恢复时间、术后住院时间。结果手术时间分别为A组53.73±22.65min、B组84.62±38.71min,两组统计学有显著性差异(P<0.01);出血量分别为A组35.49±20.72ml、B组55.20±46.73ml,两组统计学有显著性差异(P<0.05),A组和B组的畸胎瘤破裂率分别为17.65%、46.77%,两组统计学有显著性差异(P<0.01);术后肛门排气恢复时间分别为A组48.47±11.25h、B组49.19±8.23h,两组统计学无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后住院时间分别为A组5.12±1.03天、B组5.68±1.14天,两组统计学有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论改进的腹腔镜下畸胎瘤剥除手术中利用钩型器械打开瘤体包膜快捷有效,联合双极电凝钳的应用剥出瘤体破裂少、出血少、手术时间短、病人的住院时间短,改进的方法值得临床推广。     

Metastatic mediastinal mature teratoma with malignant transformation in a young man with an adenocarcinoma in a Klinefelter's syndrome: Case report and review of the literature

Malignant transformation of mediastinal mature teratoma is extremely rare and worsens the prognosis of the disease. Transformation can appear synchronously to or several years after the initial diagnosis. Clinical and radiological signs can orientate the clinician but the definitive diagnosis is obtained thanks to histology. An 11 year-old boy presented with a mediastinal mature teratoma and bone and pulmonary metastases. He received six cycles of chemotherapy combining etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, followed by resection of a 16 × 14 × 9 cm mediastinal mass. Karyotype analysis revealed the presence of an additional sex chromosome X (47 XXY) pathognomonic of Klinefelter's syndrome. Ten years later, sciatalgia revealed malignant transformation of a pre-existing sacral bone metastasis into gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The patient received four cycles of chemotherapy combining oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil and cetuximab. This treatment was followed by a complete resection of the sacral metastasis and completed with adjuvant irradiation of 54 Gy in 30 daily fractions. Twelve months after the diagnosis of relapse, the patient remained alive without disease. To our knowledge, this is the first case of adenocarcinoma developed in bone metastases of a mediastinal mature teratoma in a boy with a Klinefelter's syndrome. We propose a review of the literature and an analysis of 20 others published cases of mediastinal teratoma with malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma.     

RNAi沉默PCDGF基因对喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞生物学特性的影响

目的 研究RNAi沉默畸胎瘤细胞源性生长因子(PCDGF)表达对喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭能力的影响.方法 RT-PCR检测喉鳞癌组织中PCDGF的mRNA表达水平;Hep-2细胞分为空白对照组、阴性对照组和PCDGF-siRNA组,Western blot检测转染效果及Bcl-2、Bax、E-cadherin和MUC1蛋白表达;CCK8实验检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;Transwell 小室检测细胞侵袭能力.结果 喉鳞癌组织中的PCDGF mRNA表达水平显著高于声带息肉组织(t=6.88,P=0.005).PCDGF在喉鳞癌组织中高表达.PCDGF-siRNA组喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞中PCDGF、Bcl-2、MUCI蛋白表达显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),Bax、E-cadherin蛋白表达显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),细胞增殖率显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05),细胞侵袭数显著低与空白对照组(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05).结论 抑制PCDGF的表达能够抑制喉鳞癌Hep-2细胞的增殖和侵袭能力,诱导细胞发生凋亡.     

卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的诊治进展

卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤是一种好发于育龄妇女的卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤,极易复发及转移,但复发后再次手术可发生恶性程度逆转现象。其来源被认为与减数分裂错误以及表观遗传失调等有关。卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的症状和体征缺乏特异性。除了传统检查检验手段外,神经元特异性烯醇化酶检验、¹⁸F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose,¹⁸F-FDG）PET/CT等检查方法被认可。由于其在临床相对少见,因此对于成人及儿童患卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的最佳治疗方案和管理指南目前尚未达成共识,目前主流的治疗方法以手术为主,非必要不进行化疗,并尽量保留患者的生育能力。由于其较易复发,故术后随访极为重要,频率应与其他恶性肿瘤相同。生长性畸胎瘤综合征是卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的并发症,在临床上较为罕见,手术是其主要治疗手段,同时对其靶向药物治疗的研究也有所进展。综述近年来卵巢未成熟畸胎瘤的来源、诊断、治疗及其并发症的研究进展,以期为临床诊治提供参考。     

Thymic teratoma masquerading as a thyroid lump

Teratomas are germ cell tumours commonly found in the sacrococcygeal region, ovary, testicle or, infrequently, the mediastinum. In very rare circumstances, these tumours are found in the neck. This case represents a thymic teratoma presenting as what appeared to be an intrathyroid lesion. This has not been described previously and demonstrates an unusual presentation of a neck lump necessitating two operations and a multidisciplinary approach for management. We would also like to highlight that while patients undergo imaging to guide surgery, the surgeon must always be prepared for the unexpected and recognise situations where the operation should be converted to an exploratory procedure instead of full resection. Often, combined surgical care is the best option for difficult congenital cases.     

Teratomas in infancy and childhood

A 10-year-experience with 42 cases of teratomas in paediatric age group is presented. The commonest type of teratoma was sacrococcygeal²⁵ followed by ovarian⁸ and retroperitoneal teratomas.³ An analysis of clinical profile, malignant potential, management, prognostic factors and follow up is discussed with review of literature.     

Upper abdominal teratomas in infants: radiological findings and importance of the vascular anatomy

BACKGROUND: Primary upper abdominal teratomas are extremely rare tumours, most commonly arising in infants. The radiological literature relating to them is sparse. Surgical resection is difficult due to distortion of the vascular anatomy. OBJECTIVE: To reassess the value of preoperative imaging with specific reference to the presence/absence of typical features of teratoma, anatomical location and adjacent vascular anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The histopathology database was used to identify infants with upper abdominal teratoma. Pathological, surgical and radiological data were reviewed. RESULTS: The search of the database identified 12 infants (10 girls, 2 boys) with an abdominal/retroperitoneal teratoma during the period 1993 to 2006. All teratomas were benign. In the majority of infants, typical radiological features of teratoma were demonstrated (fat, calcium). Identification of the major abdominal vessels on CT scan (most commonly the inferior vena cava) was not possible in all infants. Distortion (and commonly encasement) of the adjacent major abdominal vessels was usually evident. CONCLUSION: Upper abdominal teratomas in infants have typical radiological features. Preoperative delineation of the major vascular anatomy is often imprecise. Significant distortion of vascular anatomy was present in all infants and awareness of this feature impacts on surgical planning.     

A Huge Intrapericardial Teratoma in an Infant

A case of huge intrapericardial teratoma diagnosed in a 9-month-old infant is presented. Echocardiography and thoracic computed tomography showed a voluminous multicystic intrapericardial mass with pericardial effusion. The tumor was resected surgically. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of immature teratoma.     

脊髓圆锥马尾区畸胎瘤合并终丝牵张型脊髓拴系综合征的手术治疗

目的 探讨脊髓圆锥马尾区畸胎瘤合并终丝牵张型脊髓拴系综合征（TCS）的临床特点、手术方法及其疗效。方法 回顾性分析2007年2月～2022年3月手术治疗的50例脊髓圆锥马尾区畸胎瘤合并终丝牵张型TCS的临床资料。结果 畸胎瘤内容物及囊性部分内壁剥离切除45例,囊壁次全切除加电灼5例;50例终丝均分离、切断。术后病理均为成熟囊性畸胎瘤及内终丝结构。术后随访6个月～14.5年,中位数75个月,按Hoffman脊髓功能评分,脊髓功能状态好转27例,不变22例,恶化1例;1例畸胎瘤内膜次全切除术后复发再次手术,其余49例未见肿瘤复发,无再拴系。结论 椎管内畸胎瘤多分布于脊髓圆锥马尾区,以慢性神经压迫为表现;对合并终丝牵张型TCS,一期行畸胎瘤切除术及终丝切断脊髓栓系松解术,疗效满意。     

骶尾部畸胎瘤经肛脱出伴直肠脱垂治疗体会

探讨骶尾部畸胎瘤经肛脱出伴直肠脱垂治疗效果,术后给予广谱抗生素及抗厌氧菌药物联合治疗。术后两周逐渐拆线,伤口一期愈合,随访半年,患儿无不适。