青少年健康人群抗白喉杆菌抗体水平调查

目的 了解青少年人群抗白喉杆菌抗体水平，为预防控制白喉提供依据。方法 采用随机抽样方法抽取调查点和被测人群，用间接血凝试验（IHA）检测抗白喉毒素抗体，结果 分析采用x^2检验和F检验。结果 青少年健康人群白喉抗体阳性率为80．32％（151／188），平均抗体滴度（GMT）为1：12．2236，抗毒素平均含量（ATC）为0．0599 IU／ml。抗体水平比较分析，年龄组中最高者是9～11岁组，96．67％，最低者是12～14岁组，48．78％；城关（95．45％）高于农村（72．13％）；男女性别间无差异。结论 岳阳市健康青少年人群的抗白喉抗体水平较高，能够有效防止白喉流行。     

立体定向放射治疗青少年脑动静脉畸形的疗效

目的　回顾性分析X射线立体定向放射治疗 (SRT)青少年脑动静脉畸形 (AVM)的远期疗效、并发症及影响因素。方法　 6 6例青少年脑AVM采用X射线SRT治疗 ,病灶体积 0 .32～ 4 2 .88cm3 ,周边剂量 18～ 2 3Gy。结果　随访 3～ 5年 ,AVM闭塞率 6 5 .2 % ,疗后 2年再出血率 4 .6 %。多因素回归分析结果显示周边剂量在 18～ 2 3Gy范围时 ,病灶体积大小是影响AVM闭塞率的唯一因素 ,而周边剂量和年龄与其无关。AVM体积 <10cm3 的闭塞率 (87.1% )明显高于体积 >10cm3 的 (45 .7% )(χ2 =10 .6 4 4 ,P <0 .0 1)。平均闭塞恢复期与治疗体积及周边剂量均有关 ,体积 <10cm3 的 1.4 4 4年短于体积 >10cm3 的 1.813年 (t =2 .0 6 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;周边剂量 >2 0Gy的 1.4 4 8年短于剂量 <2 0Gy的1.85 7年 (t=2 .2 4 7,P <0 .0 5 ) ;而与年龄无关 ,少年组与青年组的恢复期分别为 1.4 74年与 1.6 6 7年 (t=1.0 73,P >0 .0 5 )。结论　X射线SRT治疗体积 <10cm3 的脑AVM ,当周边剂量 >2 0Gy时 ,有较高的闭塞率且完全闭塞所需时间较短 ,是外科手术及血管内栓塞的补充治疗手段     

青少年精神分裂症患者个性特征与家庭环境的相关性

目的探讨青少年精神分裂症的个性特点、家庭环境模式,及其家庭环境因素对青少年个性的影响。方法以16~19岁首发精神分裂症60例为研究组,同年龄段在校就读学生60例为正常对照组;以艾森克个性(成人)问卷(EPQ),家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV),为测评工具,测验结果全部输入心理测验软件系统,用SPSS11.0统计软件进行均数、2、t检验及相关性检验。结果青少年精神分裂症性格多为内向不稳定型(19例)、高精神质[(7.12±3.22)分]、高神经质[(14.38±5.85)分];其家庭环境亲密度[(5.55±2.19)分]、成功性[(5.22±2.18)分]、知识性[(4.08±1.82)分]、娱乐性[(4.37±2.16)分]、组织性[(5.13±2.23)分]、道德性[(5.23±1.79)分]得分显著低于对照组,而家庭环境中亲密度和组织性与个性有高度相关性(P<0.01)。结论家庭环境对青少年的个性有重要的影响,特别是家庭环境中的亲密度和组织性。     

对18岁以下心理问题者进行系统家庭治疗的研究

目的探讨对１８岁以下心理问题者进行系统家庭治疗的应用情况。方法运用规范的系统家庭治疗技术进行访谈、干预７３例家庭，随访５１例；用彩色摄像和高灵敏度录音系统记录每次治疗访谈和随访访谈的全部过程，用相应调查表进行反馈。结果随访治疗有效率８６３％；社会功能显著改善；６项家庭动力学指标中，有５个维度差异有显著性：１系统逻辑向多元宽容方向移动；２僵化的关系现实有所软化；３关系控制减弱；４疾病观念向“患者可以有所作为”转变；５个性化程度增高。结论系统家庭治疗技术适用于中国青少年儿童家庭，可逐渐推广、应用。     

青少年焦虑症患者述情障碍分析

目的 探讨青少年焦虑痘患者述情障碍状况.方法 采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)对26例青少年焦虑障碍患者和26例健康青少年进行评分并进行对比分析.结果 患者组TAS总分及因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ得分均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05),因子Ⅲ得分明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 青少年焦虑症患者存在明显的述情障碍.     

青少年心理门诊患者家庭功能与心理健康的关系

目的了解青少年心理门诊就诊患者的家庭功能对其心理健康的影响。方法采用家庭功能评定量表（FAD）及症状自评量表（SCL-90）对62例青少年心理门诊就诊者（研究组）和62名正常中学生（对照组）进行测评分析。结果研究组FAD、SCL-90评分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,FAD各因子、SCL-90总分及各因子分均呈显著正相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论家庭功能与心理健康的关系密切。     

Cyberviolence et cyberharcèlement. Une violence fantasmatique pour l’agresseur,une violence traumatique pour la victime

In France, we estimate that 6% of Internet users have been victims of cyberbullying and 42% of cyberviolence. After recalling the traumatic implications of this kind of violence, the author describes the different forms of cyberbullying (flaming, harassment, denigration, masquerade, happy slapping, outing and exclusion), as well as the three mechanisms that underlie it: 1. The extimacy that allows adolescents to share parts of themselves online, which can equally have positive and negative valence; 2. The online disinhibition effect, which implies that Internet users say things in cyberspace that they would not say in the physical world; 3. Finally, cyberviolence as the expression of a fantasmatic violence, which allows the surfer/user to live out a paradoxical form of intimacy on social networks: outside his physical self and whilst simultaneously being inside his own sense of self. In other words, in a digital era, one can at the same time be outside one's body while remaining (in one's imagination) within one's own self, which constitutes a major upheaval in the expression of one's self, which happens as a cyborg-Ego (“Moi-cyborg”) (Tordo, 2019). This would explain in particular two sets of data found in scientific literature concerning the cyber-stalker: on the one hand, that one does not find a psychological profile of the stalker but rather a profile of situation which would foster the harassment; on the other hand, that the observation of the mental health of the stalker does not differ from that of the uninvolved pupil, all other things being equal. In view of this evolution of the ego, the author proposes that to consider a new perspective on cyberviolence, and correspondingly on cyberbullying. However, as the author argues, this process of extension of the ego cannot be exclusively attached to social networks but to all forms of technological relations. In other words, this violence has less to do with social networks than with the basic psychological relationship of the individual with all technologies. However, social networks would make visible what other technologies cannot: the fantasmatic violence as it exists inside the ego of each individual (to the exclusion of any pathology), this one being able to possibly more concerned with cyberviolence. Two clinical vignettes will illustrate these phenomena.     

Le travail de l’exil à l’adolescence. Dispositif d’étayage groupal et de médiation par la bande dessinée

ObjectiveThe exile is particularly traumatic for adolescents who, in the host country, live the post-migration experience in uncertainty. In order to enhance the continuous sense of being and the imaginary of a group of young unaccompanied minors, and to promote the narrative of their exile, we have set up a group mediated by comics. We strive to understand how and by which processes a comic mediation group could enable the support of the continuous sense of being as well as the imagination in a group of unaccompanied minors.MethodSix (n = 6) adolescents aged 15 to 17 were invited to design a group comic strip. Participants were invited to create a comic in group. The study was divided in three specific times: (1) the first was to invent a story, (2) the second was to do a storyboard and (3) the third and last one consisted in the creation of a comic. The group proceeded in X session and each session ended with a speaking time. We chose to create a comic as a medium because of its formal qualities: the specificity and complexity of its codes seemed appropriate to work on the time and space. Therefore, the breaks and discontinuities as essential parts of the comic structure allowed the participants to work out their temporal and special experiences of exile. As working in group enables to enhance the creative processes, we have designed and set up a comic mediation group.ResultsWe observed that the creation of the comic facilitates the updating of break and loss experiences, because of its formal structure. This sometimes made the group envelope porous and fragile, and damaged the group associative chain. The mediation group allowed participants to express and transform their primary affects through images and words, which led them to go from a fixed time to a historicized time. The comic became an object that represents the individual psychic reality work, the group work but also refers to the common societal reality that concerns those adolescents. Through the comic, they question the adults, the institutions and the environments that are supposed to protect them. The structure of the comic and the group setting helped participants to restore a sense of security. Moreover, the secure and containing space created by the setting allowed the group to enhance its imagination.DiscussionThe setting permitted participants to be in an active position, which supported them in the process of identity reconstruction. They used comics to transform and make sense of a painful part of their story in order to appropriate it. It is necessary to keep doing research on this subject to improve the support given for this young people. Moreover, it is essential to offer them places where they can be accompanied in the crossing of their exile experience.     

湖南部分地区城乡青少年行为方式和生活态度的比较分析

目的　比较分析城市和乡村地区青少年之间的生活态度和行为方式。方法　对长沙地区 (城区 )及韶山地区 (乡村 )各一所中学的初一年级至高二年级学生进行统一问卷调查。答卷采用无记名方式 ,涵盖生活态度及行为方式的内容。结果　共 2 4项选题 ,城乡青少年行为方式比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。生活态度比较 ,除对向往的生活方式、异性偶像两题外 ,对其余各题的选择 ,城乡学生间均有差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,但其中部分选题的某些选项 ,城乡学生看法较一致 ,无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　社会因素是造成城乡学生间心理发育差异的决定性因素 ;当前城乡学生的性意识均有显著增强。