超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术对眼表的影响

目的：采用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪比较小梁切除术和超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术对眼表的影响。

方法：纳入原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者62例62眼,按手术方式分为两组：小梁切除术组32例32眼,超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术组(青白联合手术组)30例30眼。运用Keratograph 5M评估术前,术后3d,1、 3mo的非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间(NifBUT)、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间(NiaBUT)、泪河高度(TMH)和角膜荧光素染色评分(CFS)。

结果：术前两组患者眼表参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3d青白联合手术组的NiaBUT、NifBUT、CFS、TMH最差,分别为10.13±1.48、12.59±1.96s、0.80±0.22分与0.31±0.02mm,变化幅度明显高于小梁切除组(均 P<0.05),术后1mo两组的各项指标均有所恢复,但直到术后3mo仍未完全恢复到术前水平。

结论：眼表综合分析仪可以客观、精确地用于评估抗青光眼手术后泪膜功能的变化。在术后3mo短期内超声乳化白内障摘除联合小梁切除术比单纯小梁切除术对眼表的影响更为严重,提示在此期间应加强对眼表的护理。     

应用非接触性眼表综合分析仪观察T2DM和/或高血压患者的眼表特征

目的：使用非接触性眼表综合分析仪分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)和/或高血压患者眼表特征。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-12在我院就诊的T2DM患者、高血压患者、T2DM合并高血压患者、无T2DM也无高血压患者各40例40眼,分析比较四组患者OSDI评分、泪河高度、眼红指数、角膜荧光素钠染色评分、非侵入性泪膜破裂时间(首次泪膜破裂时间和平均泪膜破裂时间)检测结果。

结果：T2DM患者眼部不适的主观感受更为明显,T2DM和/高血压患者更容易出现眼部充血的体征。与无T2DM也无高血压的患者相比,T2DM患者的泪河高度降低,平均泪膜破裂时间明显缩短(均P<0.05),但四组患者的首次泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素钠染色评分均无明显差异(P>0.05)。

结论：非接触性眼表综合分析仪能够无侵入地观察眼表特征,提供相对客观的量化检查结果。T2DM患者眼部稳定性较无T2DM也无高血压的患者下降,稳态更容易被打破。     

New approaches for diagnosis of dry eye disease

We reviewed the literature for different diagnostic approaches for dry eye disease (DED) including the most recent advances, contradictions and promising diagnostic tools and technique. We performed a broad literature search for articles discussing different methods for diagnosis of DED including assessment of tear osmolarity, tear film stability, ocular biomarkers and others. Articles indexed in PubMed and google scholar were included. With the growing cosmetic industry, environmental pollution, and booming of digital screens, DED is becoming more prevalent. Its multifactorial etiology renders the diagnosis challenging and invites the emergence of new diagnostic tools and tests. Diagnostic tools can be classified, based on the parameter they measure, into tear film osmolarity, functional visual acuity, tear volume, tear turnover, tear film stability, tear film composition, ocular biomarkers and others. Although numerous methods exist, the most accurate diagnosis can be reached through combining the results of more than one test. Many reported tests have shown potential as diagnostic/screening tools, however, require more research to prove their diagnostic power, alone or in combination. Future research should focus on identifying and measuring parameters that are the most specific to DED diagnosis.     

Films of Carbon Nanomaterials for Transparent Conductors

The demand for transparent conductors is expected to grow rapidly as electronic devices, such as touch screens, displays, solid state lighting and photovoltaics become ubiquitous in our lives. Doped metal oxides, especially indium tin oxide, are the commonly used materials for transparent conductors. As there are some drawbacks to this class of materials, exploration of alternative materials has been conducted. There is an interest in films of carbon nanomaterials such as, carbon nanotubes and graphene as they exhibit outstanding properties. This article reviews the synthesis and assembly of these films and their post-treatment. These processes determine the film performance and understanding of this platform will be useful for future work to improve the film performance.     

冲击载荷作用下蛋白质水溶液润滑吸附膜的生长特性

目的研究蛋白质水溶液挤压润滑条件下材料表面蛋白质吸附膜的动态生长特性及其影响因素。方法利用光干涉技术测量球盘点接触在循环冲击条件下BSA蛋白质水溶液的吸附膜厚的生长过程,并研究冲击载荷、冲击次数、材料表面性质对BSA水溶液的吸附成膜特性的影响。结果动态条件下蛋白质润滑吸附膜要比静态工况下的升高很多,冲击条件下蛋白质吸附膜不断生长,并最终达到稳定厚度。小载荷和疏水材料表面有利于蛋白质润滑吸附膜的生长。钢表面极易形成较厚吸附膜,而陶瓷表面吸附膜厚较低。结论针对冲击载荷作用下蛋白质水溶液润滑吸附膜的生长特性研究对人工关节磨损、松动等的治疗、预防具有一定的临床指导意义。     

Functional Films from Silica/Polymer Nanoparticles

High performance functional coatings, based on hybrid organic/inorganic materials, are being developed to combine the polymer flexibility and ease of processing with the mechanical properties and versatility of inorganic materials. By incorporating silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in the polymeric matrices, it is possible to obtain hybrid polymer films with increased tensile strength and impact resistance, without decreasing the flexural properties of the polymer matrix. The SiNPs can further be used as carriers to impart other functionalities (optical, etc.) to the hybrid films. By using polymer-coated SiNPs, it is possible to reduce particle aggregation in the films and, thus, achieve more homogeneous distributions of the inorganic components and, therefore, better properties. On the other hand, by coating polymer particles with silica, one can create hierarchically structured materials, for example to obtain superhydrophobic coatings. In this review, we will cover the latest developments in films prepared from hybrid polymer/silica functional systems.     

Dementia in the movies: the clinical picture

Objectives: Visual media influence the general public's perceptions and attitudes regarding people with mental conditions. This qualitative study investigates the depiction accuracy of dementia's clinical features in motion pictures.Method: Using the search terms ‘dementia’, ‘Alzheimer's disease’ and ‘senility’ movies with release dates between January 2000 and March 2012 were sought on the Internet Movie Database. Based on four selection criteria 23 movies were included. Independently, three researchers watched all movies, scored symptoms, capacities, and behaviors. Scores were discussed and refined during consensus meetings, resulting in a taxonomy of clinical features.Results: Various features are found, most often cognitive symptoms. Behavioral features are also shown – retiring behavior more than agitation – and various emotions, but physical symptoms are rarely depicted. Capacities are infrequently presented and are unrealistic in several of the movies.Conclusion: The clinical picture of dementia portrayed in fictional movies is mild and may be misleading.     

肺尘埃沉着病与肺结核的X线胸片影像分析

目的探讨肺尘埃沉着病和肺结核X线影像学特征。方法拍摄高仟伏胸片的肺尘埃沉着病136例及肺结核48例（其中血行播散型肺结核22例，继发性肺结核伴空洞26例），对二者的X线图像进行分析。结果1．36例肺尘埃沉着病高仟伏胸片上小结节大小均匀为54例（39．71％），密度均匀为15例（11．03％），分布均匀27例（19．85％），22例血行播散型肺结核小结节大小均匀的有16例（72．73％），密度均匀的有15例（68．18％），分布均匀15例（68．18％），二者在大小、密度、分布方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。单纯肺尘埃沉着病空洞以厚壁空洞为主，结核空洞以薄壁空洞最常见，周围常伴有卫星灶，肺尘埃沉着病结核空洞直径相对较大。结论肺尘埃沉着病与肺结核高仟伏胸片表现有差异，分析二者差异有助于提高诊断准确性。