茶多酚对大鼠骨关节软骨氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨茶多酚对大鼠骨关节软骨氧化损伤的保护作用,以进一步了解茶多酚摄入机体对骨折早期愈合的影响机制。方法选取3~4月龄健康雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠45只作为观察对象,随机将其分为A、B、C三组,每组15只。各组均制造骨折前茶多酚生物效应,对三组大鼠进行皮下注射,A组剂量为5 mg/(kg·d)茶多酚,B组剂量为10 mg/(kg·d)茶多酚,而C组剂量为0.5 m L/(kg·d)生理盐水;注射3周后,将每只大鼠桡骨中下1/3交界处造成左侧桡骨3 mm完全骨质缺损的骨折模型,不固定;骨折后继续注射茶多酚,制造骨折后茶多酚生物效应;采用HE染色分别观察大鼠在骨折愈合不同时期(造模后3、7、14、21 d)的骨痂厚度及骨痂成熟度。结果 1骨痂厚度:经HE染色观察,造模后3 d,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);造模后7 d,B组明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);造模后14 d,A组与B组明显高于C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);造模后21 d,B组明显高于A组与C组,且A组明显高于C组,各组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2A组与B组大鼠术后3 d即可见到骨内外膜开始增厚,术后7 d骨折端肉芽组织形成,术后14 d骨折端肉芽组织开始重新生长,术后21 d骨折端纤维性骨痂与纤维母细胞有明显减少;C组术后3、7 d骨内外膜也有所增厚,但是与术前相比差异不明显,术后14、21 d骨痂中纤维细胞、毛细血管密度及纤维性结缔组织有明显增加,出现新生血管,但是成骨细胞的增殖数量与A、B组相比明显偏低,而且骨痂的成熟度也相对较低,内外骨痂改造塑形期出现较晚。结论茶多酚对骨关节软骨氧化损伤具有明显的保护作用,其可以通过促进骨痂增殖分化,增加骨痂含量,加快骨痂的成熟,从而提高骨折的愈合速度。     

基于 DEA Malmquist 指数的我国高技术产业创新效率分析

文章选取2006-2012年我国24个省、自治区和直辖市的高技术产业作为决策单元,将技术创新划分为技术创新开发和转化两个阶段,分别对其投入和产出效率进行研究。研究结论如下：从技术创新的两个阶段比较而言,我国高技术产业的技术创新转化阶段的效率值优于技术开发阶段;从地域分布来看,东部地区的技术开发和转化效率总体高于中部和西部地区;从时间序列数据来看,我国高技术产业技术创新两个阶段的Malmquist全要素生产率指数变化均经历了先降后升的过程;从整体发展的视角看,我国目前多数省份的高技术产业创新效率较前些年有较大幅度的提升,但仍有较大的改进空间。     

Solubilización in vitro del aceite de árbol de té y primeros resultados de su efecto antifúngico en onicomicosis

IntroductionOnychomycosis is the main cause of nail alteration. Hepatotoxicity, interference and low adherence to pharmacological treatment are associated. Therefore, our objective was to assess the in vitro effectiveness of tea tree essential oil (less harmful) against main causative agents of these infections.Material and methodsTrichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated and inoculated at a concentration of 3x10⁵ CFU / mL in potato agar dextrose and tea tree essential oil at different concentrations to assess its effect by counting colony forming units and radial growth.ResultsTrichophyton rubrum growth inhibition was obtained at concentrations higher than 0.04% of the essential tea tree oil (p = 0.004). In the case of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, inhibition was obtained at 0.02% (p = 0.017), and even complete inhibition at a final concentration of the oil at 0.07%.ConclusionsTea tree essential oil inhibits the in vitro growth of the fungus and may be a less harmful alternative to the onychomycosis treatment.     

Beyond Food Promotion: A Systematic Review on the Influence of the Food Industry on Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviour among Children

An increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverages as a result of a changing obesogenic environment contributes substantially to the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This paper reviews the nature and extent of food industry influences which expose children to commercial influences and thus might affect unhealthy dietary behaviour and finally contributes to obesity. A systematic search of nine electronic databases (including PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit) and reference lists of original studies and reviews using key search terms identified 1900 articles. Of these only thirty-six articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed studies revealed six key obesogenic environments by which the food industry possibly influences obesity-related dietary behaviours in young children. These were schools, retailers, mass media “television”, mass media “internet”, home and promotional campaigns. Identifying these obesogenic environments is critical for monitoring and controlling the food industry, the development of effective environmental-level interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity and to identify knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research to support informed decisions of policy makers.     

宝鸡市电焊工体质状况的调查分析

目的 了解宝鸡市电焊工的体质现状.方法 选择装备制造企业20～60岁的1 025名电焊工进行体质测试,采用文献资料法、数理统计法等方法进行分析.结果 男电焊工肺活量平均值为(3 457.78±538.67)ml.女子平均值为(2 820.56±546.86) ml,高于陕西省平均水平(P＜0.01).台阶指数男女分别为55.55和57.88,与陕西省调查结果相当.男女电焊工的左右手握力差别均较大(P＜0.01),与电焊工焊接时右手使用频繁有关.电焊工的闭眼单腿站立时间的短于全国城市体力组平均水平(P＜0.01),平衡能力和肌肉控制能力有所下降.结论 该市电焊工的总体体质水平偏低.     

DTF乳剂对茶叶氟固定效果初步研究

目的探讨DTF乳剂固定茶叶氟效果。方法将DTF乳剂涂于茶叶,观察其固定氟效果。结果茶叶中添加0.5%~10%固氟剂可固定21.1%~97.9%茶叶氟,茶叶色、味、pH、茶多酚含量无明显改变。结论DTF乳剂是一种有效茶叶氟固定剂。     

Healthcare technology co-operatives: Innovative about innovation

Abstract

The paper provides an introduction to the National Institute for Health Research Devices for Dignity Healthcare Technology Co-operative. Embedded within the NHS, Devices for Dignity identifies areas of unmet clinical need and translates these into research and development projects to develop new medical technologies. It addresses the needs of people living with long-term conditions, helping them to live more dignified and independent lives. Through partnerships with patients, universities, the NHS and industry, Devices for Dignity has developed an innovation methodology for successful medical technology innovation.     

建筑行业青年农民工社会支持对主观幸福感的影响

目的 了解建筑行业青年农民工主观幸福感现状,分析其社会支持与主观幸福感的关系,探讨社会支持对主观幸福感的影响,为增强青年农民工主观幸福感提供可行依据.方法 采用社会支持评定量表、总体幸福感量表对150名建筑工地青年农民工进行调查,并对调查结果进行统计分析.结果 ①青年农民工的社会支持在婚姻状况、健康状况上存在显著差异（t=6.727,-5.535;P ＜0.001）,主观幸福感在健康状况上存在显著差异（t=-8.284,P＜0.001）;②青年农民工社会支持、主观幸福感呈显著正相关（r =0.771,P＜0.01）;③社会支持是预测主观幸福感的主要因素.结论 健康的已婚建筑行业青年农民工社会支持状况良好,其社会支持水平对主观幸福感具有显著影响,提高建筑行业青年农民工的社会支持水平有助于增强其主观幸福感.     

浅论产学研联合培养中药学研究生的策略与实践经验

产学研合作教育是充分利用学校与企业、科研院所等多种不同教学环境和教学资源以及在人才培养方面的各自优势,将以课堂传授知识为主的学校教育与直接获取实际经验、实践能力为主的生产、科研实践有机结合的教育形式[1-2].企业、科研院所的发展,需要高校的人才和科研技术;高校的发展,可以借助企业、科研院所的研究平台.     

茶多酚治疗慢性酒精性肝损伤的实验研究

目的 建立酒精性肝病大鼠模型,观察茶多酚对酒精性肝病大鼠血清氨基转移酶活性和肝脏病理变化的影响,探讨茶多酚对酒精性肝损伤的防治作用。 方法 SD大鼠分成3组:酒精组(酒精7g·kg-1·d-1灌胃)、茶多酚组(酒精7g·kg-1·d-1 茶多酚0.25g·kg-1·d-1灌胃)和对照组(等渗盐水灌胃)。各组分别于4周末、12周末和24周末处死大鼠留取肝脏标本,用于HE染色和Masson染色。 结果 酒精组大鼠血清氧基转移酶水平较对照组升高,茶多酚组大鼠与酒精组相比,其值有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色显示酒精组大鼠肝细胞浆出现不同程度的脂肪变性,小叶各带可见不同程度的点、灶状或片状坏死,24周大鼠可见桥接坏死。Masson三色染色可见24周大鼠汇管区边缘有绿染胶原纤维包绕增生,肝窦中可见绿染胶原纤维分布。茶多酚组肝脂肪变和炎症程度轻于酒精组,未发现桥接坏死。 结论 茶多酚对酒精性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。