Response to the Distilled spirits Industry Council of Australia Inc. position paper 'Alcohol Availability'

A critique is offered of the Distilled Spirits Industry Council position paper 'Alcohol Availability'. It is argued that this position paper presents a simple-minded analysis of the complex relationship between the availability of alcohol and its consumption which pays no attention to the importance of price in determining consumption. As a consequence, it misconstrues the lessons to be drawn from the Victorian experiment in liberalization and fails to consider its implications for the incidence of alcohol related problems.     

Mental retardation in ten-year-old children in relation to their mothers' employment during pregnancy

We conducted a case-control study to examine relationships between potential risk factors in women's prenatal occupational histories and subsequent mental retardation in their 10-year-old children. Children with mental retardation (intelligence quotient less than 71) were identified from special education records maintained by the public school systems in the metropolitan Atlanta area and from records of various medical and social service agencies serving children with special needs. Control children were chosen from the rosters of 10-year-olds who were enrolled in regular education classes in the local public school systems. To obtain occupational histories, sociodemographic data, and other information, we interviewed 352 natural mothers (67%) of 525 case children and 408 natural mothers (64%) of 636 control children. We computed odds ratios for each of 25 selected occupation, industry, and agent categories controlling for maternal education, birth order, and race. Most comparisons yielded odds ratios that were not indicative of unusual risks, but we did find lower than expected risks among children of teachers and health-care professionals. We also found a strong, positive association between mental retardation and maternal employment in the textile and apparel industries. The findings are useful for planning the direction of future studies of childhood cognitive ability to focus on specific parental occupations or industries. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

1 This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

     

石化催化作业工人神经行为功能的调查

（１）目的 探讨石化催化作业对工人神经行为功能的影响。（２）方法 采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为功能测试方法对４０名作业工人（接触组）进行了测定,并与４０名非职业性有害因素作业的工人（对照组）进行了比较。（３）结果 接触组工人情感状态问卷的疲惫－惰性及困惑－迷茫的分数高于对照组,差异有显著性（Ｆ＝４．７８,６．９７,Ｐ〈０．０５）,接触组数字跨度测试的倒序,手提转捷度,数字译码,目标追踪的正确打点数和总     

知识经济与高校信息服务业的战略转变

知识经济的迅猛发展,使我国高等学校的信息服务业面临着变革和发展的新机遇,本文在分析信息服务业内部各服务环节功能的传统性、局限性的基础上,提出了高校信息业发展的战略目标,以及为实现战略目标必须对各服务环节功能进行调整和改革的具体意见。同时强调指出：转变观念是实现改革与发展的先导。     

Respiratory health and fluoride exposure in different parts of the modern primary aluminum industry

Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate possible acute and long-term respiratory health effects of work at different working places in the primary aluminum industry. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 78 potroom workers, 24 foundry workers, and 45 carbon-plant workers (n = 147, exposed group), and 56 control workers (watchmen, craftsmen, office workers, laboratory employees) of a modern German prebake aluminum plant. The survey consisted of pre- and postshift spirometric and urinary fluoride measurements. Results: Potroom workers had significantly lower preshift results with regard to forced vital capacity (FVC, 99.5% versus the 107.2% predicted; P < 0.05) and peak expiratory flow (PEF, 85.2% versus the 98.4% predicted; P < 0.01) as compared with controls. In a multiple regression model a small but significant negative correlation was found between postshift urinary fluoride concentrations and FVC, FEV₁, and PEF. Across-shift spirometric changes were observed only in FVC among carbon-plant workers (103.0 ± 13.3% predicted preshift value versus 101.2 ± 13.6% predicted postshift value; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that lung function impairment in the modern primary aluminum industry may be only partly due to fluoride exposure and that working in aluminum carbon plants may cause acute lung function changes. Received: 8 July 1998 / Accepted: 31 October 1998     

Occupational induction of hypersensitivity after an accidental exposure to chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (CMI/MI) in an industrial worker.

A process worker in a paper chemical plant developed an immediate local dermal irritation and delayed bullous dermatitis due to induction of hypersensitivity following an accidental exposure to chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (CMI/MI) biocide. Contact allergy to the isothiazolinone mixture was confirmed by skin patch testing. The dermatitis healed in four weeks, and the worker was advised to avoid all CMI/MI containing products. In a one-year follow-up he did not present with any further skin symptoms. Preventive measures are important for avoiding induction of hypersensitivity to concentrated CMI/MI solutions in industrial workers.     

茶多酚诱导膀胱癌细胞凋亡及上调PTEN、E-Cadherin表达的研究

目的 :探讨茶多酚抑制膀胱癌细胞生长的可能分子机制。方法 :采用MTT法和流式细胞术 ,观察膀胱癌细胞系 (T2 4及SCaBER)经不同浓度的茶多酚处理后对细胞生长以及PTEN、E cadherin蛋白表达的影响。结果 :茶多酚以剂量依赖的方式抑制膀胱癌细胞的生长 ,加入 0、5 0、10 0、2 0 0、4 0 0 μg·ml-1茶多酚的T2 4细胞和SCaBER细胞抑制率分别为 0 %、11 2 %、33 4 %、36 9%、6 7 5 %和 0 %、16 5 %、19 1%、30 3%、31 4 %。流式细胞仪直方图上可见亚二倍体峰 ,癌细胞出现凋亡 ,凋亡率分别为 6 8%、2 5 1%、2 8 6 %、36 6 %、4 1 1%和 2 1 4、2 7 2 %、2 8 5 %、36 8%、4 7 7% ;同时 ,随茶多酚作用浓度的增加 ,出现G1/S阻滞细胞逐渐增多 ,细胞分裂增殖指数 (PI)降低 ;而细胞PTEN蛋白表达水平由 (37 6 6± 0 4 9)、(38 2 8± 0 6 1)逐渐增加至(16 3 92± 3 36 )、(177 36± 10 79) ,E cadherin蛋白表达水平由 (37 5 2± 1 14 )、(38 5 9± 4 2 4 )逐渐增加至 (12 1 86± 1 5 0 ,15 3 5 8± 2 5 1) (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 1)。结论 :茶多酚对T2 4及SCaBER细胞生长具有抑制作用 ,其机制可能是通过上调PTEN蛋白表达影响细胞周期和诱导细胞凋亡。PTEN、E cadherin蛋白表达水平的上调可能具有逆转细胞恶性生     

茶多酚诱导膀胱癌EJ细胞株凋亡与细胞内钙离子变化的相关性

目的：探讨茶多酚对膀胱癌EJ细胞株抑制增殖的分子机理。方法：采用流式细胞术、噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法和激光共聚焦成像技术，分别测定膀胱癌EJ细胞株的凋亡状态、细胞的周期变化、线粒体功能及细胞内离子钙浓度水平变化。用茶多酚处理EJ肿瘤细胞。结果：细胞的周期依浓度的改变而变化，浓度增加至20μg／ml发生明显的凋亡，OD值与浓度呈负相关性。细胞内钙离子浓度与时间、浓度的增加呈量效正相关。钙离子浓度逐渐升高亦呈现为时效、量效正相关性。结论：茶多酚能影响肿瘤细胞的增殖、凋亡过程。茶多酚诱导所致线粒体变化、细胞内钙离子超载可能在肿瘤凋亡中起着重要作用。     

中国内陆盐地药产业培植与可持续发展的研究

我国有9913km2内陆盐地,分布着适应性极强的盐生植物,其中内陆盐地药不仅具有特定的地理单元、特殊的生态环境和独特的化学成分,也是改良内陆盐渍的先锋物种.本文在内陆干旱封闭生态系统盐渍化防治研究的基础上,提出了中国内陆盐地药产业培植与可持续发展的新思路,并从内陆盐地药产业的培植与可持续发展理论基础,从内陆盐地药产业的培植能为农民带来巨大的经济效益等方面,阐述了培植内陆盐地药产业的科学依据和实证研究.     

中国内陆盐地药产业培植与可持续发展的研究

我国有9913km2内陆盐地,分布着适应性极强的盐生植物,其中内陆盐地药不仅具有特定的地理单元、特殊的生态环境和独特的化学成分,也是改良内陆盐渍的先锋物种。本文在内陆干旱封闭生态系统盐渍化防治研究的基础上,提出了中国内陆盐地药产业培植与可持续发展的新思路,并从内陆盐地药产业的培植与可持续发展理论基础,从内陆盐地药产业的培植能为农民带来巨大的经济效益等方面,阐述了培植内陆盐地药产业的科学依据和实证研究。