铝与阿尔茨海默病的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病是一种渐进性神经病变,以神经斑和神经纤维结为主要病理特点。关于阿尔茨海默病的发病因素,目前还没有确切的研究成果,但是近年来越来越多的学者认为环境因素和阿尔茨海默病的发生有一定的联系,而自然环境中金属元素如铝、铜、锌等更被学者所重视,其中铝成为近年来研究的热点。许多流行病学资料证明饮用水中铝含量与阿尔茨海默病的发生有一定联系,而且许多学者也提出了诸如β淀粉样蛋白学说、脂质过氧化学说、胆碱能神经学说等,在AD患者中使用金属螯合剂也进入研究之中。本文对铝与阿尔茨海默病近年来的研究进展予以综述。     

消痰清脂方联合氟伐他汀治疗混合型高脂血症的临床观察

目的：观察消痰清脂方联分西药治疗混合型高脂血症的临床疗效。方法：将符合纳入标准的59例混合型高脂血症患者随机分为治疗组30倒和对照组29倒,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用中药消痰清脂方治疗,对照组采用西药氟伐他汀治疗,均治疗4周。结果：治疗组临床控制率为43．3％,对照组为13．8％,治疗组TG、LDL-C的下降幅度均明显优于对照组,经统计学处理,差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：消痰清脂方联合氧伐他汀治疗混合型高脂血症较单用氟伐他汀有较好的疗效。     

从痰论治大肠癌的理论依据探讨

大肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,属于传统医学"肠覃"、"积聚"、"脏毒"、"锁肛痔"等范畴。现代临床研究提出,痰湿内阻是肿瘤形成的关键因素之一。从痰致病的特点入手,探究大肠癌的病因病机、发生转归与痰的关系,以期为中医药论治大肠癌提供理论依据和临床指导。     

丹参现代研究概况

近年来,对丹参的生物学特点、化学成分、药理活性、作用机制、临床制剂和临床用途等方面的研究均取得了较大进展。研究结果表明,不同产地的丹参含有的化学成分有明显的差异,是造成其临床效果不一的主要原因。丹参含有多种化学成分,可以分为丹参酮和丹酚酸两大类化合物。这些化合物是丹参的有效成分,是丹参发挥治疗作用的物质基础。主要药理作用表现在多个方面,丹参酮类化合物以改善血液循环、抗菌和抗炎作用为主;而丹酚酸类化合物则以抗氧化、抗凝血和细胞保护作用特别突出。利用丹参已经研究成功多种临床应用的药物,分别用于治疗心血管系统疾病、皮肤病、肝肾疾病等,并取得良好效果。     

An update on obesity: Mental consequences and psychological interventions

Besides physical consequences, obesity has negative psychological effects, thereby lowering human life quality. Major psychological consequences of this disorder includes depression, impaired body image, low self-esteem, eating disorders, stress and poor quality of life, which are correlated with age and gender. Physical interventions, mainly diet control and energy balance, have been widely applied to treat obesity; and some psychological interventions including behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and hypnotherapy have showed some effects on obesity treatment. Other psychological therapies, such as relaxation and psychodynamic therapies, are paid less attention. This review aims to update scientific evidence regarding the mental consequences and psychological interventions for obesity.     

痰热清注射液治疗小儿颈部急性淋巴结炎疗效观察

目的:观察痰热清注射液治疗儿童颈部急性淋巴结炎的临床疗效。方法:46例小儿颈部急性淋巴结炎患儿随机分为治疗组与对照组各23例,治疗组23例采用痰热清注射液加常规抗生素治疗,对照组23例采用抗生素加病毒唑静脉滴注治疗。均7d为1个疗程。结果:治疗组治愈20例,有效2例,无效1例,总有效率96.65%;对照组治愈16例,有效4例,无效3例,总有效率86.96%;两组淋巴结消退时间比较,治疗组明显优于对照组。结论:痰热情注射液有较好的治疗儿童颈部急性淋巴结炎作用,可明显缩短疗程,有临床推广使用的价值。     

The national economic burden of eating disorders in Wales: a clinical population data study

BackgroundEating disorders have the highest morbidity of all mental disorders in the UK and can require admission to hospital. We aimed to provide whole system quantification of inpatient admission and general practitioner (GP) contact costs to the National Health Service (NHS) for patients with eating disorders in Wales.MethodsThe Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank contains 84% of all electronic data obtained by NHS Wales General Practices since 1990 and all NHS hospital admissions data for Wales recorded since 1998. We obtained data on hospital admissions between Jan 1, 1998, and June 30, 2017, and GP contacts between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2017, for patients with eating disorders, diagnosed using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 codes or GP Read Codes in GP or inpatient records and for a matched control cohort. We calculated total costs of hospital admissions and GP contacts between 1990 and 2017, using published unit costs for these patients, irrespective of year of diagnosis.FindingsBetween July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2017, 15 558 individuals were diagnosed with eating disorders within SAIL. 4707 individuals had complete GP records for the 2 year period before and 3 year period after diagnosis and were matched to four controls each. 4222 individuals within the case cohort had a total of 35 849 admissions with total admission costs of £81 218 113 (£17 254 751 per 1000 individuals) over 20 years between Jan 1, 1998, and June 30, 2017. By contrast, in the control cohort, 13 419 individuals were admitted to hospital with a total cost of £39 305 793 (£2 089 845 per 1000 individuals) for the same 20-year period. The cost of GP contacts over 27 years between July 1, 1990, and June 30, 2017, was £177 406 330 (£37 689 894 per 1000 individuals) for the eating disorder cohort (n=4707) and £321 041 292 (£17 069 401 per 1000 individuals) for patients in the control group (n=18 808).InterpretationEating disorders result in high costs to the NHS, particularly for hospital admissions. Therefore, greater investment in prompt recognition and early intervention for individuals with eating disorders, which greatly shorten duration of illness, are likely to be economically justifiable.FundingHealth and Social Care Wales.     

Modulation of genotoxicity and DNA repair by plant monoterpenes camphor, eucalyptol and thujone in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells

The aim of this work was to examine the antigenotoxic potential of plant monoterpenes: camphor, eucalyptol and thujone in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and to elucidate their effect on DNA repair. We compared the effect of monoterpenes on spontaneous, UV- and 4NQO-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli K12 repair proficient, and MMR and NER deficient strains. Positive controls tannic acid and vanillin were included in bacterial tests. We also examined protective effect of monoterpenes against 4NQO-induced genotoxicity in Vero cell line by alkaline comet assay. The results obtained in repair proficient strain indicated antimutagenic potential of monoterpenes against UV- and 4NQO-induced mutagenesis, which was diminished with NER deficiency. Camphor and eucalyptol maintained UV-induced SOS response longer than in controls, while thujone decreased SOS response and reduced general protein synthesis and the growth rate. The three monoterpenes increased spontaneous and UV-induced recombination in recA730 and camphor additionally in recA⁺ cells. Incubation of 4NQO-pretreated Vero cells with monoterpenes resulted in significant reduction of tail moment. However, higher concentrations of monoterpenes induced DNA strand breaks. Obtained results indicate that by making a small amount of DNA lesions camphor, eucalyptol and thujone can stimulate error-free DNA repair processes and act as bioantimutagens.