The expression profile of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tuber borchii</Emphasis> nitrite reductase suggests its positive contribution to host plant nitrogen nutrition

Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is a ubiquitous association between plant roots and numerous fungal species. One of the main aspects of the ectomycorrhizal association are the regulation mechanisms of fungal genes involved in nitrogen acquisition. We report on the genomic organisation of the nitrate gene cluster and functional regulation of tbnir1, the nitrite reductase gene of the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete Tuber borchii. The sequence data demonstrate that clustering also occurs in this ectomycorrhizal fungus. Within the TBNIR1 protein sequence, we identified three functional domains at conserved positions: the FAD box, the NADPH box and the two (Fe/S)-siroheme binding site signatures. We demonstrated that tbnir1 presents an expression pattern comparable to that of nitrate transporter. In fact, we found a strong down-regulation in the presence of primary nitrogen sources and a marked tbnir1 mRNA accumulation following transfer to either nitrate or nitrogen limited conditions. The real-time PCR assays of tbnir1 and nitrate transporter revealed that both nitrate transporter and nitrite reductase expression levels are about 15-fold and 10-fold higher in ectomycorrhizal tissues than in control mycelia, respectively. The results reported herein suggest that the symbiotic fungus Tuber borchii contributes to improving the host plant’s ability to make use of nitrate/nitrite in its nitrogen nutrition.     

一种大豆秸秆蜜环菌培养基及其生产条件的优化

目的 为了解决天麻栽培中对木材的大量使用造成的森林资源破坏及栽培成本增加问题,该研究对农作物余料替代木材（或木屑）培养蜜环菌的可行性进行了探讨,以期降低天麻的栽培成本,同时使农作物余料得到有效利用,进而保护林木资源。方法 观察蜜环菌的生长情况,划线法测量蜜环菌生长速度;苯酚浓硫酸法测定不同培养基中蜜环菌的总多糖含量;为了进一步优化大豆秸秆培养基配比,对主料配比、蔗糖含量、无机盐含量及含水量进行四因素三水平L₉（3⁴）正交优化试验。结果 通过比较不同培养基培养中蜜环菌的生长情况,发现大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌从接种第4天就开始生长,菌丝长势好,生长速度为0.352 cm·d^-1,是桦木屑培养基生长速度0.283 cm·d^-1的1.48倍;大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量最高,为39.260 mg·g^-1,远远高于桦木屑培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量17.028 mg·g^-1,大豆秸秆培养基优势明显;主料（大豆秸秆与麦麸）配比为8∶2,蔗糖含量为主料的1%,无机盐含量为主料含量的0.5%,含水量50%时,蜜环菌生长速度稳定为0.392 cm·d^-1。结论 该研究结果为天麻栽培中使用大豆秸秆培养基替代木材（或木屑）培养基培养的蜜环菌提供了依据,为天麻在栽培中减少林木资源浪费、保护自然环境提供了参考。     

丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死的临床效果观察

目的观察丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取在本院住院的急性脑梗死患者119例,随机分为治疗组59例与对照组60例,对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗,连续治疗30 d,比较两组治疗前后NIHSS、MRS及疗效。结果治疗组治疗后的NIHSS及MRS与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。治疗组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论丁苯酞联合天麻钩藤饮治疗风火上扰型急性期脑梗死较常规治疗能更快促进患者神经功能缺损重建,减少后遗症,提高患者生存质量,值得临床推广应用。     

Premio Sixto Obrador 2013. Modelo topográfico de 3 ejes para el tratamiento quirúrgico de los craneofaringiomas. Parte II: Evidencias anatómicas y neurorradiológicas que definen el modelo de clasificación de 3 ejes y su utilidad para predecir el riesgo quirúrgico individual

Introduction and objectivesThis study evaluates the pathological and magnetic resonance imaging evidence to define the precise topographical relationships of craniopharyngiomas and to classify these lesions according to the risks of hypothalamic injury associated with their removal.Material and methodsAn extensive, systematic analysis of the topographical classification models used in the surgical series of craniopharyngiomas reported in the literature (n = 145 series, 4,588 craniopharyngiomas) was performed. Topographical relationships of well-described operated craniopharyngiomas (n = 224 cases) and of non-operated cases reported in autopsies (n = 201 cases) were also analysed. Finally, preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging studies displayed in craniopharyngiomas reports (n = 130) were compared to develop a triple-axis model for the topographical classification of these lesions with qualitative information regarding the associated risk of hypothalamic injury.ResultsThe 2 major variables with prognostic value to define the topography of a craniopharyngioma are its position relative to the sellar diaphragm and its degree of invasion of the third ventricle floor. A multivariate diagnostic model including 5 variables –patient age, presence of hydrocephalus and/or psychiatric symptoms, the relative position of the hypothalamus and the mammillary body angle– makes it possible to differentiate suprasellar craniopharyngiomas displacing the third ventricle upwards (pseudointraventricular craniopharyngiomas) from either strictly intraventricular craniopharyngiomas or lesions developing primarily within the third ventricle floor (infundibulo-tuberal or not strictly intraventricular craniopharyngiomas).ConclusionsA triple-axis topographical model for craniopharyngiomas that includes the degree of hypothalamus invasion is useful in planning the surgical approach and degree of resection. Infundibulo-tuberal craniopharyngiomas represent 42% of all cases. These lesions typically show tight, circumferential adhesion to the third ventricle floor, with their removal being associated with a 50% risk of hypothalamic injury. The endoscopically-assisted extended transsphenoidal approach provides a proper view to assess the degree and extension of craniopharyngioma adherence to the hypothalamus.     

道地药材天麻DNA真伪鉴定试剂盒的研制与评价

目的 建立一种将DNA提取技术与PCR技术相结合的天麻DNA真伪鉴定试剂盒,并对试剂盒性能进行方法学评价。方法 通过美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)查找天麻及其常见伪品紫茉莉根、大丽菊块茎、马铃薯的ITS2序列,应用DNAMAN进行多序列比对,NCBI-Primer-Blast设计天麻特异性引物。改良植物常用DNA提取的CTAB法,确保提取出高效的正品天麻及其常见伪品的基因组DNA,应用紫外分光光度法测其浓度及纯度。优化PCR反应体系,确定试剂盒的组成与反应条件,随机抽样检测市售天麻样品。结果 应用所研制的试剂盒提取样品DNA,纯度OD260 /OD280值为(1.87±0.13),灵敏度为10 ng·μL^-1,3次重复性检测结果相同,反复冻融 5、10、15、20次对检测效果无影响,于-20 ℃可保存1年,检测10个市售天麻样品,其中7个是正品,3个是伪品。结论 道地药材天麻DNA真伪鉴定试剂盒特异性强,灵敏度高,重复性和稳定性均良好,检测结果准确,适用于天麻及其常见伪品的快速鉴别。     

生态因子与古今天麻产区的关系

目的研究天麻分布与生态因子之间的关系。方法分析温度、湿度、海拔及植被等对天麻分布的影响。结果天麻的分布对生态因子敏感,天麻自然分布区基本位于年平均最低地面温度-4℃线与年平均地温20℃线之间,主产区多位于年平均水汽压的14~16 hPa线之间;历代天麻产区的变迁与气候变迁有密切关系。结论天麻的分布与主产区的形成是生态因子综合作用于天麻和蜜环菌的结果。     

不同产地天麻质量评价

目的测定天麻中天麻素的含量以及多糖的含量。方法用HPLC法测定天麻素的含量,以苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果与结论以天麻素和多糖两项指标来衡量,能更真实反映天麻的品质,且方法简便,灵敏,准确。     

天麻酒中主要药味的薄层色谱鉴别

目的探讨天麻酒的质量控制方法。方法用薄层色谱法对天麻酒处方中的天麻、何首乌、当归、五味子、人参进行定性鉴别。结果薄层色谱中斑点显色清晰，阴性对照无干扰。结论薄层色谱法专属性强、重现性好，可用于天麻酒的质量控制。     

Effects of Wen-Pi-Tang and its crude drug extracts on proliferation of cultured mouse mesangial cells

The efficacy of Wen-Pi-Tang and each of its crude drug extracts on the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells was determined in terms of [³H]thymidine uptake. When Wen-Pi-Tang was added to the medium of mesangial cell cultures, it suppressed the proliferation of mesangial cells markedly. Similar to the effects of Wen-Pi-Tang, Rhei Rhizoma, its main ingredient, exerted an inhibitory effect on mesangial cell proliferation at a relatively low concentration. Ginseng Radix and Aconiti Tuber were also an effective crude drug. As for Zingiberis Rhizoma, an inhibitory activity at relatively high concentration was noted. However, the proliferation of mesangial cells in the presence of Glycyrrhizae Radix showed no particular alteration. As is clear from the results of the present study, Rhei Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber and Zingiberis Rhizoma alone each exert an inhibitory effect. The inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation by Wen-Pi-Tang can thus be explained by the action of these crude drugs.