TSA对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的抑制作用及其机制

目的：研究去乙酰化转移酶抑制剂TSA对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的作用及其机理。方法：利用细胞计数,流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡及细胞周期,Tunel试验研究TSA对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的作用;利用western研究TSA对肝癌细胞蛋白表达的影响。结果：TSA可明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长,并可诱导细胞凋亡。可阻滞肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞周期于G0/G1期。可增加p53,p21,bax等基因的表达,降低BCL-2的表达。结论：去乙酰化转移酶抑制剂TSA可明显抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的生长并诱导其凋亡,其主要通过调控一些肿瘤相关基因的表达起作用。     

Targeting CREB-binding protein (CBP) loss of function as a therapeutic strategy in neurological disorders

Histone acetylation/deacetylation is a master regulation of gene expression. Among the enzymes involved in this process, the CREB-binding protein (CBP) displays important functions during central nervous system development. Increasing evidence shows that CBP function is altered during neurodegenerative processes. CBP loss of function has now been reported in several diseases characterized by neurological disorders such as the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome or polyglutamine-related pathologies (Huntington's disease). Our recent work suggests that CBP loss of function could also be involved in Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In a simplified apoptotic model of primary neurons, we described CBP as a substrate of apoptotic caspases, an alternative to its classical proteasomal degradation. In these neuronal death contexts, histone acetylation levels were decreased as well. Altogether, these data point to a central role of CBP loss of function during neurodegeneration. In order to restore proper acetylation levels, a proposed therapeutic strategy relies on HDAC inhibition. Nevertheless, this approach lacks of specificity. Therefore new drugs targeted at counteracting CBP loss of function could stand as a valid therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative disorders. The challenge will be to respect the fine-tuning between cellular HAT/HDAC activities.     

Presence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia exhibiting high genetic similarity to clinical isolates in final effluents of pig farm wastewater treatment plants

Although the prevalence of community-acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections is sharply increasing, the sources and likely transmission routes of this bacterium are poorly understood. We studied the significance of the presence of S. maltophilia in final effluents and receiving rivers of pig farm wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The loads and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. maltophilia in final effluents were assessed. Antibiotic resistance determinants and biofilm formation genes were detected by PCR, and genetic similarity to clinical isolates was investigated using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). S. maltophilia was recovered from final effluents at two of three farms and one corresponding receiving river. Tests of resistance to antibiotics recommended for S. maltophilia infection revealed that for each agent, at least one isolate was classified as resistant or intermediate, with the exception of minocycline. Furthermore, multidrug resistant S. maltophilia susceptible to antibiotics of only two categories was isolated and found to carry the sul2 gene, conferring trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. All isolates carried spgM, encoding a major factor in biofilm formation. MLST revealed that isolates of the same sequence type (ST; ST189) were present in both effluent and receiving river samples, and phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the STs identified in this study clustered with clinical isolates. Moreover, one isolate (ST192) recovered in this investigation demonstrated 99.61% sequence identity with a clinical isolate (ST98) associated with a fatal infection in South Korea. Thus, the pathogenicity of the isolates reported here is likely similar to that of those from clinical environments, and WWTPs may play a role as a source of S. maltophilia from which this bacterium spreads to human communities. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of S. maltophilia in pig farm WWTPs. Our results indicate that nationwide epidemiological investigations are needed to examine the possible link between WWTP-derived S. maltophilia and hospital- and community-acquired infections.     

In vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of bi-aryl oxazolidinone RBx 11760 loaded polylactic acid–polyethylene glycol nanoparticles in mouse hematogenous bronchopneumonia and rat groin abscess caused by Staphylococcus aureus

RBx 11760 is a bi-aryl oxazolidinone antibacterial agent active against Staphylococcus aureus but has poor solubility. Here we have encapsulated RBx 11760 in PLA–PEG NPs with an aim to improve physicochemical, pharmacokinetics and in vivo efficacy. The average size and zeta potential of RBx 11760 loaded NPs were found to be 106.4 nm and ?22.2 mV, respectively. The absolute size of nanoparticles by HRTEM was found to be approximately 80 nm. In vitro antibacterial agar well diffusion assay showed clear zone of inhibition of bacterial growth. In pharmacokinetic study, nanoparticle showed 4.6-fold and 7-fold increase in AUC_inf and half-life, respectively, as compared to free drug. RBx 11760 nanoparticle significantly reduced bacterial counts in lungs and improved the survival rate of immunocompromised mice as compared to free drugs. Thus, RBx 11760 loaded nanoparticles have strong potential to be used as nanomedicine against sensitive and drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.     

Accuracy Evaluation of Thermoelastic Stress Analysis with the Use of Experimental and Numerical Methods

Thermoelastic Stress Analysis (TSA) is one of the very few methods allowing the determination of a continuous stress distribution on the object’s surface under variable loading conditions. Such results provide a lot of valuable information in the field of technical condition assessment and residual life prediction. In order to improve the accuracy of the TSA, the Lock-In signal processing method is implemented. This research is aimed at verifying the effectiveness of this improvement and determining the TSA stress detection threshold, as it is important information in terms of the applicability of this method in the low-stress conditions encountered in considerations of fatigue of load-carrying structures. A steel sample with a centrally located hole was subjected to cyclic loads to determine the threshold of stress detection and accuracy of TSA. As a result of the research, the relationship between the magnitude of stress excitations and the underestimation of the measured stresses was developed. Based on the conducted investigations, it was concluded that reasonable TSA results can be acquired for excitations that induce a temperature response above 10 mK (0.5 NEDT). The presented field test example proves that in industrial applications reasonable results can be acquired for thermal responses below the NEDT of the IR camera. It was concluded that it is possible to successfully implement TSA in low-stress applications (temperature response below NEDT).     

曲古抑菌素A对舌鳞癌SCC-6细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:观察曲古抑菌素A(TSA)对舌鳞癌细胞生物学行为的影响,探讨其体外抗癌活性。方法:不同浓度、时间梯度TSA处理人舌鳞癌SCC-6细胞后,MTT法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞仪定量检测细胞周期和凋亡变化;Transwell法测定细胞体外侵袭性改变。结果:①TSA对SCC-6细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,并呈剂量和时间依赖性;②随着TSA浓度的增加,SCC-6细胞G1期的细胞数目逐渐减少,而S期和G2/M期的细胞数目增加,提示TSA将细胞周期抑制在S期和G2/M期,同时随着TSA浓度的增加,SCC-6细胞的凋亡率与对照组相比明显增加(P<0.05),提示TSA能促进SCC-6细胞的凋亡;③经不同浓度TSA处理24 h后,SCC-6细胞穿透人工基质膜的细胞数随着TSA浓度上升而逐渐减小,提示TSA能显著抑制SCC-6细胞的侵袭性。结论:体外条件下,TSA能明显抑制SCC-6细胞的增殖和侵袭能力,诱导其凋亡。而其所介导的细胞凋亡很可能与S期和G2/M期细胞周期的阻滞有关。     

曲古抑菌素A诱导胃癌细胞细胞周期阻滞及其机制

目的研究去乙酰化酶抑制剂TSA对胃癌细胞SGC-7901细胞周期的作用及机制。方法利用细胞计数及流式细胞仪检测细胞生长及细胞周期；利用Western blot、基因芯片及实时定量PCR检测TSA对胃癌细胞周期相关基因的表达。结果TSA可诱导胃癌细胞SGC-7901细胞周期阻滞。TSA可增加胃癌细胞SGC-7901之p53，p21，p27等基因的表达，降低CDK2，CCNDl等基因的表达。TSA可通过调控多个细胞周期相关基因的表达阻滞胃癌细胞细胞周期，从而抑制胃癌细胞的生长。结论TSA可通过调控多个细胞周期相关基因诱导胃癌细胞细胞周期阻滞，从而达到其抑制胃癌细胞生长的作用。     

Inhibition of histone deacetylases prevents cytokine-induced toxicity in beta cells

Aims/hypothesis The immune-mediated elimination of pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes involves release of cytotoxic cytokines such as IL-1β and IFNγ, which induce beta cell death in vitro by mechanisms that are both dependent and independent of nitric oxide (NO). Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a critical signalling molecule in inflammation and is required for expression of the gene encoding inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and of pro-apoptotic genes. NFκB has recently been shown to associate with chromatin-modifying enzymes histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC), and positive effects of HDAC inhibition have been obtained in several inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HDAC inhibition protects beta cells against cytokine-induced toxicity. Materials and methods The beta cell line, INS-1, or intact rat islets were precultured with HDAC inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or trichostatin A in the absence or presence of IL-1β and IFNγ. Effects on insulin secretion and NO formation were measured by ELISA and Griess reagent, respectively. iNOS levels and NFκB activity were measured by immunoblotting and by immunoblotting combined with electrophoretic mobility shift assay, respectively. Viability was analysed by 3-(4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and apoptosis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and histone-DNA complex ELISA. Results HDAC inhibition reduced cytokine-mediated decrease in insulin secretion and increase in iNOS levels, NO formation and apoptosis. IL-1β induced a bi-phasic phosphorylation of inhibitor protein kappa Bα (IκBα) with the 2nd peak being sensitive to HDAC inhibition. No effect was seen on IκBα degradation and NFκB DNA binding. Conclusions/interpretation HDAC inhibition prevents cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis and impaired beta cell function associated with a downregulation of NFκB transactivating activity.