Decreased Risk of Renal Allograft Thrombosis Associated With Interleukin-2 Receptor Antagonists: A Report of the NAPRTCS

Graft thrombosis is the most common cause of first year graft failure in pediatric renal transplantation. The North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS) database was analyzed for cases of graft failure due to thrombosis among patients transplanted from 1998 to 2004. The impact of interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor antagonists as induction therapy was determined. There were a total of 51 graft failures due to thrombosis among the 2750 reported renal transplants (1.85%) (95% CI (1.39%, 2.41%)). This represents the most common cause of graft loss during the first year post-transplant accounting for 35% of first year losses and 18% of all graft losses. The incidence of thrombosis among patients who received IL-2 receptor antibodies was 1.07% (12/1126) compared to 2.40% (39/1624) among patients who did not (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23, 0.84, p = 0.014). Use of IL-2 receptor blockade was the only significant prognostic factor in a multivariate model with previously identified risk factors. Analysis of NAPRTCS data found that the use of IL-2 receptor antibodies as induction therapy is associated with a significantly decreased risk of graft failure due to thrombosis. This provocative finding requires further investigation to determine whether thrombotic failure can be decreased by this therapeutic strategy.     

Effect of Kang''''ai Injection(康艾注射液) on Serum Level of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma during Radiotherapy

Radiotherapy(RT)is an important ap-proach for treatment of esophageal carcinoma(EC),especially for patients who have missedthe chance of surgical section.The efficacy ofRTis not satisfactory for its1-year,3-year and5-year survival rates being merely50%,20%,and10%respectively(1).Researches in recent years showed thatbetter efficacy can be obtained by combiningRTwith Chinese herbal medicines for EC thatincapable to be resected.Kang ai Injection(康艾注射液,KAI)is a Chinese herbal prep-arati…     

强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者胰岛素脱离与否相关因素分析

目的比较强化胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者在脱离胰岛素治疗和继续胰岛素治疗时的临床特点,分析脱离胰岛素的相关因素。方法统计66例入院的2型糖尿病患者的患病时间,检测开始胰岛素强化治疗、治疗过程、治疗结束时的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)、体重指数(BM I)、胰岛素用量,观察脱离胰岛素所需时间。结果34例患者脱离胰岛素治疗,32例继续治疗,两组患者在年龄、治疗开始时间、BM I、HbA1 c差异均无统计学意义,而患病时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),脱离时的胰岛素用量和HbA1 c比继续治疗患者显著减低(P<0.01)。结论患病时间长短是胰岛素脱离与否的重要因素,胰岛素投入量及HbA1 c数值对脱离胰岛素与否有积极作用。     

神经保护剂鸡尾酒疗法对海马神经元氧糖剥离（OGD）后神经元凋亡及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl一2表达的影响

目的：探讨不同类型神经保护剂联合应用即鸡尾酒（cocktail）疗法是否较单一神经保护剂对海马神经元培养氧糖剥离（OGD）后有更好的保护作用。方法：采用海马神经元培养氧糖剥离（OGD）模型，分为1，6-二磷酸果糖（FDP）组、MK-801组、N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）组、cocktail组和对照组，观察神经元凋亡及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达情况。结果：cocktail组神经元凋亡减少，Bcl-2表达增多，与单-用药各组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。结论：神经保护剂cocktail疗法对神经元缺血保护作用较单一用药明显增强。     

改进微波幅射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂疗效观察

目的：探讨改进的微波辐射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂的疗效。方法：将微波辐射器探头由双直线形、双针形、单针形等点线状改进成为“单舌形”和“双舌形”两种弧形平面探头，用于治疗宫颈糜烂。分析1999-2002年450例宫颈糜烂治疗资料，其中300例经微波治疗(A组)，150例经C02—激光治疗(B组)，随访1—3个月。结果：两组治疗后3个月内A组治愈率明显高于B组(P＜0．005)，总有效率A组明显高于B组(P＜0．025)。两组术中、术后不良反应比较：术中宫颈创面出血A组明显低于B组(P＜0．005)，术中腹痛、脱痂期出血量、术后局部感染率方面两组相似。结论：所改进的微波辐射器探头治疗宫颈糜烂治愈率高，操作安全，术后并发症少，医患乐于接受。     

Increased response of renal perfusion to the antioxidant vitamin C in type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species play a major role in the development of endothelial dysfunction. It is as yet unspecified whether increased oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction of the renal vasculature in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Renal haemodynamics were studied in 20 patients with type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension (age 62 +/- 5 years) and 20 non-diabetic hypertensive patients at baseline and following infusions of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 4.25 mg/kg); the substrate of nitric oxide synthase, L-arginine (100 mg/kg); and the antioxidant, vitamin C (3 g, co-infused with L-arginine 100 mg/kg). RESULTS: The response of renal plasma flow (RPF) to L-NMMA (-54 +/- 62 and -45 +/- 42 ml/min/1.73 m(2); P = NS) and L-arginine (+46 +/- 36 and +49 +/- 25 ml/min/1.73 m(2); P = NS) was not different between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In contrast, vitamin C induced a more pronounced increase in RPF in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients when co-infused with L-arginine (+71+/-47 and +43+/-33 ml/min/1.73 m(2); P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the response of renal perfusion to an antioxidant suggests increased formation of reactive oxygen species and thereby reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in the renal vasculature of patients with type 2 diabetes.     

2型糖尿病患者的智能障碍

目的：调查没有临床神经损害体征的2型糖尿病患者早期的高级神经功能改变，方法：分别对52例2型糖尿病患者和32名健康对照者进行了韦氏智力量表的相似、数字广度、数字符号、木块图等4项分测验测定，采用二合一(相似、木块图)的方法计算简式智商，同时进行事件相关电位检查，结果：糖尿病患者组的相似、木块图分测验成绩和简式智商明显较健康对照组低下，ERP检查发现病人组N2、P3潜伏期较对照组明显延长，结论：2型糖尿病可导致高级神经功能损害。并且这种损害可能要早于周围神经损害。     

铁调节蛋白2基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病及血管性痴呆的相关分析

Objective To evaluate the association of 2616c/T polymorphism in iron regulatory protein 2(IRP2)gene with Alzheimer disease(AD)and Vascular dementia(VD).Methods In this study,281 patients with AD,60 with VD,and 285 normal aged were recruited.The 2616C/T polymorphism in IRP2 gene was analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.And the cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE).Results (1)No significant difieFences were demonstrated in IRP2 genotype or allele frequencies between AD patients and controls(χ2=2.46,P=0.292;χ2=2.17,P=0.141 respectively).However,when AD patients were stratified by disease severity.the frequency of T allele carriers in the moderate to severe AD patients was 78.0%,significantly higher than that in controls(69.8%;χ2=4.106,P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the age-,sex-and ApoE-adiusted OR of modcrate to severe AD patient with T allele was 1.62(95% CI=1.03-2.54).The frequency of T allele carriers or T allele in VD patients was higher than that of controls,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(2)The frequency of tit genotype or T allele in the moderate to severe AD patients was significantly higher than that in mild AD patients(25.8%vs.12.5%,χ2=5.477,P＜0.05;51.9%vs.40.3%,χ2=5.803,P＜0.05 respectively).(3)MMSE scores of the AD patients with TT genotype was significantly lower than ones with CC or CT genotype(P=0.028;P=0.014 respectively).Conclusion The 2616C/T polymorphism in the IRP2 gene is possibly associated with moderate to severe AD.but not associated with VD.And the TT genotype may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment of patients with AD in Chinese Han.     

反义AKT2 RNA抑制U251胶质瘤细胞生长的体内外研究

目的 研究反义AKT2RNA对U251人脑胶质瘤细胞在体内外的生长抑制效用。方法 将逆转录病毒pLXSN为载体的反义AKT2构建体转染U251人脑胶质瘤细胞系，应用蛋白印记确定基因转染前后AKT2的表达水平。流式细胞法与Matrigel基质生长实验评价肿瘤细胞转染前后的增殖活性。进一步应用裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型观察脂质体介导pLXSN、pLXSN-AS-AKT2基因治疗对U251细胞生长抑制作用。在28d的观察期内定期测量皮下肿瘤体积，对肿瘤标本应用免疫组化的方法进行AKT2和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达比较。结果 脂质体介导pLXSN-AS-AKT2可显著抑制U251细胞AKT2表达。与对照组和pLXSN转染组比较，细胞周期分析结果表明AK—AKT2转染组进入S期的细胞数减少了8．5％～8．9％，而进入G0＋G1期细胞则增加了7．9％～8．6％。Matrigel基质生长实验显示对照组和pLXSN转染组细胞呈正常形态贴壁生长，而AS～AKT2转染组细胞不能贴壁生长，呈团块状簇集生长。裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型实验显示pLXSN-AS-AKT2显著抑制皮下肿瘤生长，组织病理学分析显示AS-AKT2转染组AKT2表达下降而GFAP表达上调。结论 体内外实验证明反义AKT2方法在抗胶质瘤增殖方面作用重要，AKT2可作为基因治疗胶质瘤的优选靶标。     

2-乙氧基乙醇急性染毒大鼠血清和睾丸某些抗氧化指标的变化

目的 观察2-乙氧基乙醇(2-Ethoxythanol,EE)急性染毒对SD大鼠血清和睾丸某些抗氧化指标的变化，探讨EE致睾丸损伤的可能机制。方法 选择健康雄性SD大鼠，体重180-220g。随机分为对照组、EE800、1600和3200mg／kg组4组，每组24只。采取一次性灌胃染毒。于灌胃后12、24、48和72h，将各组动物随机处死6只，留取动物血液、睾丸，制备血清和睾丸匀浆，测定血清和睾丸匀浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性，以及血清铜蓝蛋白(CP)活性。结果 与对照组比较，各染毒组睾／体比明显下降(P＜0.05)，睾丸匀浆LPO水平和血清CP活性增高。染毒12、24h，血清CAT、睾丸匀浆CAT和SOD活性增高，而染毒48、72h后，血清CAT、睾丸匀浆CAT和SOD活性显著降低(P＜0.05)。EE各染毒组血清LPO水平和SOD活性变化不明显。结论 推测EE毒作用的靶器官可能是睾丸，睾丸抗氧化功能的改变是EE致睾丸毒性的可能机制。