应用Alamarblue法检测TRAIL对神经母细胞瘤细胞的细胞毒作用

目的：神经母细胞瘤（neuroblastoma,NB）细胞对TRAIL的杀伤效应不敏感与其Caspase 8表达的缺失有关。本研究中我们用γ-干扰素（Interferonγ,IFNγ）诱导NB细胞株CHP212和SH-SY5Y（SY5Y）Caspase 8表达,观察表达Caspase 8的NB细胞是否对TRAIL的细胞毒作用敏感,从而探讨Alamar blue法用于测定细胞体外增殖及细胞毒实验的可行性。方法：应用Western-blot方法检测IFNγ作用前后NB细胞Caspase 8蛋白的表达;应用Alamar blue还原率测定IFNγ、TRAIL、IFNγ＋TRAIL、Caspase 8抑制剂＋TRAIL对NB细胞生长的影响。结果：对TRAIL敏感的CHP212细胞表达Caspase 8且经IFNγ处理后Caspase 8表达水平逐步增加;对TRAIL不敏感的SY5Y细胞不表达Caspase 8,IFNγ作用后其Caspase 8蛋白表达明显增加。CHP212细胞还原率随TRAIL浓度的增加和作用时间的延长而降低,各实验组与对照组比较有显著差别（P〈0.05）。SY5Y对TRAIL耐药,而IFNγ＋TRAIL组的SY5Y细胞还原率与单独用IFNγ或TRAIL组比较,显著降低（P〈0.01）。结论：Alamar blue还原率测定结果表明CHP212细胞对TRAIL的细胞毒作用敏感,存在时间和剂量依赖性;经IFNγ诱导表达Caspase 8的SY5Y细胞对TRAIL的细胞毒作用亦敏感。本研究结果证实Alamar blue法是一种简便、敏感、安全的方法,可用于体外测定细胞增殖及化疗药的细胞毒作用。     

NF-κB的活性对TRAIL诱导肿瘤凋亡的影响研究进展

0 引言`` 1986年,Sen等~([1])首先从B淋巴细胞核中检测到一种蛋白因子,它能与免疫球蛋白κ轻链基因增强子_κB序列(5'-CGATITCC-3)特异结合,并促进κ链基因表达,将之命名为核转录因子κB(nuclearfactor-kappa B,NF-κB).此后研究表明,NF-κB是一种普遍存在的转录因子,能与调控免疫应答、炎性反应、细胞生长分化凋亡等所需的许多细胞因子、黏附分子等基因的启动子或增强子的κB位点特异性结合,启动和调节这些基因的转录,在机体的免疫应答、炎性反应、细胞生长分化和凋亡等方面起重要作用.     

Synergistic antitumor effect of TRAIL in combination with sunitinib in vitro and in vivo

The present data showed that sunitinib potentiated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer capabilities of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), also known as Apo2 ligand. Interactions between sunitinib and TRAIL were examined in colon cancer SW620 cells and lung cancer 95-D cells. The average combination index (CI) values of the anti-proliferation abilities on each cancer cell line were less than 1.0, demonstrating the synergism of the combination of sunitinib and TRAIL. Western blot experiments indicated that TRAIL and sunitinib synergistically enhanced apoptosis by simultaneously activating the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The decrease in the expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins cFLIP, XIAP and Mcl-1 were probably involved in this apoptosis enhancement. Furthermore, treatment of colon cancer SW620-bearing nude mice with sunitinib plus TRAIL resulted in more significant tumor growth inhibition (52.8%), comparing with the moderate inhibition in TRAIL-treated (35.3%) or sunitinib-treated groups (26.7%) (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the combination of TRAIL with sunitinib seems highly encouraging and warrants further investigation in a clinical setting.     

Lytic peptide-mediated sensitization of TRAIL-resistant prostate cancer cells to death receptor agonists

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic antibodies to death receptors (DR) 4 and 5 have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their ability to selectively induce apoptosis in malignant cells while demonstrating little cytotoxicity in normal cells. Although these candidates are promising in cancer therapy, a number of tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. We describe the use of a cationic amphipathic lytic peptide, KLA (single letter sequence HHHHHKLAKLAKKLAKLAKC), for the chemosensitization of TRAIL-resistant LNCaP and PC3-PSMA human prostate cancer cells to DR agonistic antibodies. ‘Single-agent’ treatment with DR agonistic antibodies did not result in loss of viability of these cells confirming the resistance of these cells. However, the combination treatment of KLA followed by DR agonists resulted in greater cell death compared to the individual treatments acting alone, indicating synergistic action between the two components of the combination treatment. The combination of lytic peptide and DR agonists resulted in a significant increase in activated caspase-3 cleavage and cytochrome-C protein levels in cells, indicating a role for the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway. In addition, KLA treatment also resulted in increased localization of DR5 and lipid rafts in LNCaP cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that lytic peptides can be employed for sensitizing TRAIL-resistant prostate cancer cells to DR-mediated apoptosis resulting in novel combination treatments for the ablation of advanced cancer cells.     

α-TEA induces apoptosis of human breast cancer cells via activation of TRAIL/DR5 death receptor pathway

Vitamin E derivative RRR‐α‐tocopherol ether‐linked acetic acid analog (α‐TEA) induces apoptosis in MCF‐7 and HCC‐1954 human breast cancer cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. α‐TEA induces increased levels of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) and death receptor‐5 (DR5) and decreased levels of antiapoptotic factor, cellular FLICE‐like inhibitory protein (c‐FLIP L). DR5/TRAIL induced apoptosis involves downregulation of c‐FLIP (L), caspase‐8 activation, activated proapoptotic mediators tBid and Bax, mitochondrial permeability transition, and activation of caspase‐9. siRNA knockdown of either DR5 or TRAIL blocks the ability of α‐TEA to enhance DR5 protein levels, downregulate c‐FLIP(L) protein levels and induce apoptosis. Combination of α‐TEA + TRAIL acts cooperatively to induce apoptosis, and increase DR5 and decrease c‐FLIP (L) protein levels. siRNA knockdown of c‐FLIP produces a low level of spontaneous apoptosis and enhances α‐TEA‐ and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these studies show that α‐TEA induces TRAIL/DR5 mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis in human breast cancer cells, and that TRAIL/DR5‐dependent increases in DR5 and decreases in c‐FLIP expression are triggered by TRAIL or α‐TEA treatments. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

TRAIL Mediated Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer

Research over the years has progressively shown substantial broadening of the tumor necrosis factor alpharelated apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated signaling landscape. Increasingly it is being realized that pancreatic cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease. Suppression of tumor suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, epigenetic silencing, and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied underlying mechanisms. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in vivo evidence has started to shed light on the resistance mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells. More interestingly a recent research has opened new horizons of miRNA regulation by DR5 in pancreatic cancer cells. It has been shown that DR5 interacts with the core microprocessor components Drosha and DGCR8, thus impairing processing of primary let-7. Xenografting DR5 silenced pancreatic cancer cells in SCID-mice indicated that there was notable suppression of tumor growth. There is a paradigm shift in our current understanding of TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer cellsthat is now adding new layers of concepts into the existing scientific evidence. In this review we have attempted to provide an overview of recent advances in TRAIL mediated signaling in pancreatic cancer as evidenced byfindings of in vitro and in vivo analyses. Furthermore, we discuss nanotechnological advances with emphasis on PEG-TRAIL and four-arm PEG cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels to improve availability of TRAIL at target sites.     

Mechanisms of TRAIL and gemcitabine induction of pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis

The aim of this study was to investigate induction of apoptosis by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and gemcitabine in the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. The sensitivity of SW1990 cells to TRAIL and/or gemcitabine-induced apoptosis and the rate of apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. We used Hoechst 33342 staining to observe apoptotic morphology and expression levels of proteins were analyzed by Western blottin. Growth inhibition and apoptosis rates on treatment with the combination of TRAIL and gemcitabine were significantly higher than with each drug alone (p<0.05). Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited a typical apoptosis morphology after treatment with TRAIL or gemcitabine. The levels of cellular apoptosis-associated proteins such as Smac/DIABLO, Cyto C, and the activated fragment of caspase-3 (P17) increased, but the expression of XIAP was significantly decreased after 24 h (p<0.05). SW1990 cells responded to TRAIL and/or gemcitabine-induction of apoptosis in a time and concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism of the apoptosis-sensitization effect appeared associated with significant up-regulation of Smac/DIABLO and cytochrome C, down-regulation of XIAP, and activation of caspase-3.     

花椒毒素通过死亡受体途径诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡

目的 研究伞形科药用植物花椒毒素对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探究其对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的体外作用机制。 方法 用不同浓度的花椒毒素（10,20,60,80,100,120,140和160μg/ mL）处理SGC-7901,HepG-2,MCF-7和A549细胞48h,用MTT法测定细胞活力（IC 50）;用Hoechst 33258染色试剂盒和Annexin V-FITC凋亡检测试剂盒观察花椒毒素诱导的细胞凋亡;流式细胞术检测花椒毒素处理后人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡相关蛋白Fas / FasL,Bid和DR5 / TRAIL; 通过Flouormetric Assay Kit测定花椒毒素对细胞中Caspase-8蛋白表达的影响。 结果 花椒毒素明显抑制SGC-7901,HepG-2,MCF-7和A549细胞增殖,其抑制作用呈浓度依赖性;;流式细胞术结果显示,在一定浓度范围内,黄嘌呤毒素可以以浓度依赖性方式增加Fas / FasL和DR5 / TRAIL蛋白的表达水平。 细胞中Bid蛋白含量增加,且表现出浓度依赖性。 结论 花椒毒素可通过Fas / FasL蛋白介导的死亡受体途径或DR5 / TRAIL介导的死亡受体途径在一定浓度范围内诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡,并增加死亡受体蛋白的表达水平,激活Caspase-8,激活下游影响因子,诱导细胞凋亡,或激活Caspase-8切割蛋白Bid,然后进入线粒体途径,诱导细胞凋亡。     

Synergistic effect of Ebselen and gamma radiation on breast cancer cells

Purpose: To explore the synergistic effect of a seleno-organic compound Ebselen (Ebs) and/or γ-radiation to exert antitumor effects on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line in vitro.

Materials and methods: Ebs cytotoxicity at various concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 75 μg), cell proliferation and clonogenic assay of Ebs and/or γ-radiation (at 1, 3 and 6?Gy), expression of p-IκBα and NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines levels (TNF-α, IL-2, INF-γ, IL-10 and TGF-β), apoptotic factors (Caspase-3, Granzyme-B and TRAIL) and angiogenic factor (VEGF) were investigated.

Results: The results showed that the effective dosage of this combination was observed at 25 μg/ml of Ebs with γ-radiation at 6?Gy. Data displayed a significant reduction in NF-κB mRNA along with an elevation in granzyme-B mRNA and TRAIL mRNA expression. Furthermore, protein expression of caspase-3 was elevated, whereas p-IκBα and p-NF-κB(p65) protein expression was reduced significantly. Also, a significant decline in TNF-α, IL-2, INF-γ, TGF-β with a significant increase in IL-10 levels were revealed. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in VEGF level and proliferation capacity were observed.

Conclusions: We conclude that a combination of Ebs with radiotherapy has a major antitumor efficiency in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell progression, due to the synergistic effect in regulating gene and protein expression, and in a modulating response of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines.