肠易激综合征大鼠炎性细胞因子水平及宁肠汤对其影响的研究

目的探讨应激法诱导的肠易激综合征（IBS）大鼠免疫功能的变化及宁肠汤对炎性细胞因子的调节作用。方法将实验动物随机分为正常组、模型组、匹维溴胺组及宁肠汤高、中、低剂量组，以慢性束缚＋夹尾刺激作为复合应激原诱导IBS大鼠模型。正常组、模型组给予生理盐水灌胃，中药组予不同剂量宁肠汤药液灌胃，匹维溴胺组予匹维溴胺水溶液灌胃，共用药4周。采用放免法检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）含量，观察宁肠汤对IBS大鼠肠运动功能及免疫功能的调节作用。结果IBS大鼠免疫功能紊乱，血清TNF-α、IL-8含量增高（P〈0.01）。而宁肠汤能调节IBS大鼠肠运动功能，降低血清TNF-α、IL-8含量，改善其免疫功能。结论IBS存在免疫功能紊乱，宁肠汤可通过降低血清TNF-α、IL-8含量，调节免疫功能紊乱，从而发挥对IBS的治疗作用。     

电针对角叉菜胶致炎大鼠的抗炎效应及对白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

目的:观察电针对角叉菜胶致炎大鼠的治疗作用,并探讨电针抗急性炎症的部分机理。方法:正常Wistar大鼠分别在电针、消炎痛和罗非昔布预处理5 d后致角叉菜胶急性炎症模型。电针刺激"曲池"穴,刺激参数为:连续波,频率2 Hz,强度5 mA,时间30 min,每天1次,连续5 d;消炎痛和罗非昔布预处理分别以7.5 mg/kg灌胃,每天1次,连续5 d;另一组大鼠在相同造模后进行即刻电针处理(参数同电针预处理组)。以毛细管放大法检测足跖肿胀度,ELISA法检测炎症足爪PGE2、IL-1β和TNF-α水平,RT-PCR法检测足爪炎症组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA表达。结果:电针可有效抑制角叉菜胶致炎大鼠足跖肿胀,尤以造模后2、3 h最为显著;可降低大鼠炎症足爪组织中的PGE2水平;不同时段电针介入治疗均能下调炎症足爪组织中IL-1β和TNF-α水平,但以造模后治疗为佳;电针对足爪炎症组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA表达产生不同程度的下调作用。结论:电针对角叉菜胶致炎大鼠急性炎症具有良好的抗炎效应,并通过抑制局部促炎症因子(如IL-1β、TNF-α)的生成与表达而控制炎症的发展。     

舒郁散对慢性应激抑郁大鼠行为及海马糖皮质激素受体表达的影响

目的观察舒郁散对慢性不可预见性应激（CUMS）抑郁大鼠的行为变化及对大鼠脑组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）含量、海马内糖皮质激素受体表达的影响。方法50只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、百忧解组、舒郁散小剂量组、舒郁散大剂量组。对大鼠进行21d的CUMS刺激,采用糖水实验、悬尾实验观察大鼠的行为改变．用ELISA法测大鼠脑组织TNF-α含量,免疫组化观察大鼠海马GR表达。结果百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组大鼠的尾悬不动时间明显延长、糖水消耗百分率明显下降,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．01）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠悬尾不动时间明显减少,糖水消耗量明显增加,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。百忧解、舒郁散大剂量治疗组大鼠脑组织TNF—α含量显著降低,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。模型组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显减少,百忧解组、舒郁散大剂量组海马GR免疫反应阳性神经元数目明显增加,平均光密度明显增强,与模型组比差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论动物行为学显示舒郁散具有抗抑郁作用,这种作用与降低CUMS抑郁大鼠脑组织TNF一仪含量,增强海马糖皮质激素受体表达有关,上述作用与其剂量呈正相关。     

Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of Passiflora edulis in an inflammation model

The popular medicine Passiflora edulis has been used as a sedative, tranquilizer, against cutaneous inflammatory diseases and intermittent fever. Most of the pharmacological investigations of Passiflora edulis have been addressed to its Central Nervous System activities, such as anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and sedative actions. Otherwise, there are few reports about the anti-inflammatory activity of the Passiflora species. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous lyophilized extract obtained from leaves of Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener (Passifloraceae) in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by carrageenan (Cg), bradykinin, histamine or substance P, observing the effects upon leucocytes migration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) levels. RESULTS: Passiflora edulis (250mg/kg) administered by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) inhibited the leukocyte, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, TNFalpha and IL-1beta levels (P<0.01) in the pleurisy induced by carrageenan. Passiflora edulis (250-500mg/kg, i.p.) also inhibited total and differential leukocytes in the pleurisy induced by bradykinin, histamine or substance P (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Several mechanisms, including the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta), enzyme (myeloperoxidase) and mediators (bradykinin, histamine, substance P, nitric oxide) release and/or action, appear to account for Passiflora edulis's actions.     

TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因态性与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的相关性研究

目的探讨TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因态性及环境因素与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)发生的相关性。方法根据患者的年龄、性别,病例组与对照组按1∶2配对设计的病例对照研究方法,调查180例住院COPD患者和360例健康体检者的基本信息,并应用PCR-RFLP技术检测研究对象的TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489的基因型,采用Logistic回归分析TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因型和吸烟因素与COPD的关系及其两者间的交互作用。结果①病例组与对照组患者的年龄、性别差异无统计学意义,吸烟、肺癌家族史、FEV1/Pre、FEV1/FVC 2组间差异有统计学意义。②病例组TNF-α+308的等位基因A频率为15.6%,对照组为8.2%,等位基因A发生COPD的风险OR值为2.06(95%CI(1.39,3.05));病例组与对照组的TNF-α+489的等位基因A频率分别为16.1%和6.9%,TNF-α+489等位基因A发生COPD的风险OR值为2.55(95%CI(1.71,3.09))。③以显性遗传模式估计,TNF-α+308(+)联合吸烟因素发生COPD的OR值5.36(95%CI(2.81,10.23)),TNF-α+489(+)联合吸烟因素发生COPD的OR值为8.18(95%CI(4.08,16.38))。④TNF-α+308联合TNF-α+489(+)发生COPD的OR值为4.02(95%CI(1.89,8.52)),高于TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因型独立作用。结论 TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因多态性与COPD相关,与吸烟因素存在相加正交互作用。TNF-α+308、TNF-α+489基因多态性可增加吸烟患者发生COPD的风险。     

Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy by Chaihuang-Yishen granule through anti-inflammatory mechanism in streptozotocin-induced rat model of diabetics

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditional Chinese medical herbs have been used in China for a long time to treat different diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Chaihuang-Yishen granule (CHYS) was developed and has been employed clinically to treat chronic kidney disease including diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study was designed to investigate its mechanism of action in treatment of DN.

Materials and methods

Diabetic rats were established by having a right uninephrectomy plus a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Rats were divided into four groups of sham, diabetes, diabetes with CHYS and diabetes with fosinopril. CHYS and fosinopril were given to rats by gavage for 20 weeks. Samples from blood, urine and kidney were collected for biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses.

Results

Rats treated with CHYS showed reduced 24 h urinary protein excretion, decreased serum TC and TG levels, but CHYS treatment did not affect blood glucose level. Glomerular mesangial expansion and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic rats were significantly alleviated by CHYS treatment. Moreover, CHYS administration markedly reduced mRNA levels of NF-κB p65 and TGF-β1, as well as decreased protein levels of NF-κB p65, MCP-1, TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the kidney of diabetic rats.

Conclusions

CHYS ameliorates renal injury in diabetic rats through reduction of inflammatory cytokines and their intracellular signaling.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Campomanesia adamantium

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Campomanesia species are used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-diarrheal and hypocholesterolemic.

Aim of the study

The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of ethyl acetate (AE) and aqueous (Aq) extracts from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of AE and its isolated flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin.

Materials and methods

The antinociceptive activity of AE and Aq was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin methods. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of AE and Aq was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE, myricitrin and myricetin were evaluated for their abilities to modulate the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated J774.A1 macrophages.

Results

It was found that orally administrated AE and Aq (125 and 250 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. AE (125 and 250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) reduced the time to licking at the second phase of the formalin method in vivo in mice. AE (250 mg/kg) and Aq (125 mg/kg) also reduced the number of writhes. AE, myricitrin and myricetin inhibited NO (320 μg/mL and 6.25–100 μM, respectively) and TNF-α production by macrophages (320 μg/mL for AE, 100 μM for myricitrin and 25–100 μM for myricetin). AE (160 and 320 μg/mL), myricitrin (50 and 100 μM) and myricetin (25–100 μM) increased IL-10 production by macrophages.

Conclusions

The ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts from Campomanesia adamantium showed antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects supporting the use of the plant in folk medicine. The results suggest that anti-oedematogenic effect promoted by aqueous extract involves several anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The antinociceptive effect shown by aqueous extract can be due to the modulation of release of inflammatory mediators involved in nociception. The anti-inflammatory effects of AE and of its isolated flavonols may be attributed to inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines production, TNF-α and NO and to the increased of IL-10 production.     

泛昔洛韦联合干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎的研究

目的　评价泛昔洛韦联合α- 1b干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法　将77例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,均予一般护肝药物和α - 1b干扰素治疗 ,治疗组加服泛昔洛韦。观察患者血清ALT的变化、HBV -DNA和HBeAg阴转率以及用药后的不良反应。结果　治疗组HBV -DNA ,HBeAg阴转率明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗组患者除有短期轻度头痛外 ,与对照组相比未见其他不良反应。结论　泛昔洛韦联合干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效好且安全性高     

血红蛋白QuongSze的临床研究

目的分析血红蛋白Quong Sze(Hb QS)的临床表现及血液学参数,探讨Hb QS的临床及血液学特点。方法选择在广西医科大学第一附属医院就诊的患者。对病例进行血常规检查;应用高效液相法进行Hb分析;应用反向点杂交、多重PCR进行珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(地贫)基因突变分析;应用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 9 176例病例中,检出Hb QS杂合子50例(其中8例复合β地贫)及HbH-QS病30例。Hb QS杂合子无临床症状,Hb分析未见异常,其血常规检测显示42例HbQS杂合子平均红细胞容积(MCV)为(73.72±3.57)fL,8例复合β地贫MCV为(63.06±4.59)fL;45例Hb正常,5例Hb稍低于正常值范围。HbH-QS病的临床表现轻重不等,大部分中度至重度贫血,需要不定期输血治疗,少部分表现为轻度贫血;血液学检测为小细胞低色素性贫血;Hb分析显示Hb H为(26.32±8.61)%。结论 Hb QS杂合子具有MCV降低的血液学特征,为首次报道。提示在地贫高发区,当血常规检测仅有MCV降低时应考虑Hb QS杂合子的可能,通过基因分析确诊。HbH-QS病临床表现具有多样性,需在遗传咨询中予以解释说明。     

苦参碱和川芎嗪抑制白血病细胞侵袭转移作用的实验研究

目的探讨苦参碱及川芎嗪对低氧(3%O2)培养条件下人B淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Raji细胞、人慢性髓系白血病细胞株K562细胞侵袭转移的抑制作用及机制。方法体外常规培养细胞,低氧环境下继续培养24 h后,分别加入终浓度为0、0.15、0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱或0、0.1、0.15、0.2 g/L川芎嗪处理,以常氧培养不加药物的细胞为对照组,分别检测细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并以RT-PCR方法检测HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达。结果低氧环境下Raji细胞和K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,以及HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达均较常氧对照组显著增强(P<0.01)。0.15、0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱均有效抑制低氧环境下Raji细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。0.2、0.25 g/L苦参碱均有效抑制低氧环境下K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。0.1、0.15、0.2 g/L川芎嗪均有效抑制Raji细胞、K562细胞的黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,并下调HIF-1α、VEGF mRNA的表达(P<0.05),均呈剂量依赖性。结论苦参碱和川芎嗪能有效抑制低氧环境下Raji细胞和K562细胞黏附、迁移和侵袭能力,其作用机制可能通过下调细胞内HIF-1αmRNA的表达,从而减少VEGF mRNA的生成来实现。