云南拉祜族六个基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的：了解云南拉祜族６ 个短串联重复序列基因座遗传多态性分布。方法：应用复合扩增技术对ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ、ＴＰＯＸ、ＴＨ０１ 、Ｆ１３Ａ０１、ＦＥＳＦＰＳ和ｖＷＡ等６ 个ＳＴＲ基因座进行分析,采用高分辨率的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离、银染法显影技术,对云南拉祜族上述６ 个ＳＴＲ基因座进行遗传多态性调查。结果：ＣＳＦ１ＰＯ基因座,观察到８ 个等位基因,２０ 个基因型;ＴＰＯＸ 基因座,观察到５ 个等位基因,１４ 个基因型;ＴＨ０１ 基因座,观察到６ 个等位基因,１７ 个基因型;Ｆ１３Ａ０１ 基因座,观察到６ 个等位基因,１３ 个基因型;ＦＥＳＦＰＳ基因座,观察到７ 个等位基因,１５ 个基因型;ｖＷＡ基因座,观察到７ 个等位基因,１７ 个基因型。结论：上述６ 个短串联重复序列基因座基因频率分布与Ｈａｒｄｙ Ｗｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ 平衡吻合良好。     

红细胞血型糖蛋白A位点正常变异及肿瘤放疗的影响

目的了解血型糖蛋白Ａ（ＧＰＡ）背景突变水平,观察照射近期的变化规律。方法在正常人和肿瘤放疗病人中进行ＧＰＡ突变分析,结合单克隆抗体标记和流式细胞技术,检测ＭＮ杂合子个体中罕见的变异细胞ＮＯ和ＮＮ,确定变异率。结果对２８个正常成人的初步测定,ＮＯ／ＮＮ变异率（Ｖａｒｉａｎｔｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ,Ｖｆ）（８．３±４．１３）／（５．５０±３．７７）×１０－６;ＮＮ变异率与年龄相关性接近显著意义（Ｐ＝０．０５７）,男女之间、吸烟与不吸烟者均无显著差异。随访肿瘤病人,６例治疗前ＧＰＡ变异率ＮＯ（１２．９±６．６０）×１０－６,ＮＮ（７．７±５．０１）×１０－６,与同年龄者无显著差异。连续盆腔照射１月Ｖｆ已有升高,照射２个月的病人ＮＮＶｆ（１７．５±８．９５）×１０－６,显著高于未照病人（Ｐ＝０．０４６８）。结论正常人ＧＰＡ变异率基本与文献相符,年龄等因素可影响背景水平;病人照射后Ｖｆ变化不一,表明个体对辐射敏感性不同,照射近期主要是ＮＮ的变化,是较晚造血周期细胞突变的表现。     

锰对大鼠子代新生鼠黑质酪氨酸羟化酶的影响

为了研究锰对子代新生鼠黑质中酪氨酸羟化酶（ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,ＴＨ）的影响,对雌性大鼠腹腔注射氯化锰（ＭｎＣｌ２·４Ｈ２Ｏ）,然后采用原位杂交组织化学技术检测其子代新生鼠黑质中ＴＨ．ｍＲＮＡ神经元。结果：对照组新生鼠黑质中观察到ＴＨ．ｍＲＮＡ神经元,各实验组均未观察到ＴＨ．ｍＲＮＡ神经元。提示：锰在基因水平上抑制了染锰者子代新生鼠黑质中ＴＨ活性,进而干扰和抑制了胺能神经递质的正常代谢     

Monoamines (norepinephrine,dopamine, serotonin) in the rat medial vestibular nucleus: endogenous levels and turnover

Summary Monoamine (norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) and metabolite endogenous levels were determined in the rat medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) using HPLC with electrochemical detection. As a comparison, the locus cruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (RD) which contain the cell bodies of MVN noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurons respectively were also analyzed. Norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) basal levels of MVN were high (33.8 and 39.2pmol/mg protein respectively) but lesser than in LC or RD. Great amounts of MHPG and 5-HIAA were also present in the MVN. The turnover of NE assessed both from the ratio MHPG/NE and by the decrease in the NE content after treatment with -methylparatyrosine was faster in the MVN (half-life 1.5h) than in LC (half-life 3.6h). On the other hand, the ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT was lower in the MVN (0.58) than in the RD (0.85) indicating a smaller 5-HT turnover in the MVN. In addition, like LC and RD, the MVN contained meaningful amounts of dopamine (DA) and DOPAC. The high ratio DA/NE (0.27) suggests the presence of non precursor specific dopaminergic pools. However, individualized dopaminergic neurons have not yet been demonstrated. The data are discussed in line with the possible neurotransmitter function of monoamines in the MVN.     

α-Smooth-muscle actin expression in normal and fibrotic human livers

To determine the significance of the expression of -smooth-muscle actin in the fibrotic human liver, normal and diseased livers were stained with anti--smooth-muscle-actin antibody by an immunoperoxidase method. Vitamin A-containing lipocytes were also identified by the modified Kupffer's gold chloride method. In the normal human liver, lipocytes as well as vascular smooth muscle cells expressed -smooth-muscle actin. In alcoholic liver disease, there was an increase in the cells positive for -smooth-muscle actin adjacent to the fibrotic areas, but the response of lipocytes to the gold chloride reaction diminished. In chronic hepatitis, the cells positive for -smooth-muscle actin increased around the enlarged portal areas, and the response to the gold chloride reaction did not change appreciably. An increase in the cells positive for -smooth-muscle actin was associated with the progression of hepatic fibrosis in the liver of patients with alcoholic liver disease and chronic hepatitis.     

Brain Angiotensin II Receptor Subtypes and the Control of Luteinizing Hormone and Prolactin Secretion in Female Rats

The present experiments examined the role of the two recently identified angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes, AT, and AT(2) , in the central nervous system regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin secretion in estrogen- and progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats. In this animal model, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Ang II stimulates LH and inhibits prolactin release. The specific Ang II receptor subtype antagonists losartan (AT(1) ) or PD123177 (AT(2) ) were administered (icv) in various doses (10 ng to 1,000 ng) 10 min prior to icv injection of Ang II (100 ng). Control animals were pretreated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid prior to Ang II administration. Blood samples for LH and prolactin determinations were taken from conscious, freely-moving rats prior to and following injection of the antagonists and Ang II. Water intake was measured. Ang ll-induced water intake was attenuated 62% by 1,000 ng losartan; water intake was not affected by lower doses of losartan or by any dose of PD123177. Ang ll-induced stimulation of LH release was abolished by the 1,000 ng doses of losartan and PD123177 and attenuated by the 500 ng doses of both drugs. Lower doses did not affect Ang ll-induced LH secretion. Ang ll-induced inhibition of prolactin release was significantly reduced by the 1,000 ng doses of both losartan and PD123177. Lower doses of either drug did not affect the Ang II inhibition of prolactin release. Previous studies had shown that Ang II administration into the anterior hypothalamus-medial preoptic (AHPO) area stimulated LH release. This brain area contains AT(1) receptors. To investigate the potential brain site where the AT(2) receptor may influence LH release, Ang II was injected into the locus ceruleus, a brain nucleus which contains predominately the AT(2) receptor subtype. Ang II administration into the locus ceruleus was paired with an injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid or Ang II into the AHPO area. Injection of Ang II into the AHPO area stimulated LH release. Injection into the locus ceruleus did not affect LH secretion, nor did it modify the rise in LH elicited by administration of Ang II into the AHPO area. Plasma levels of prolactin were not altered by any of these injections. Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in estrogen- and progesterone-treated female rats, icv Ang ll-induced water intake is mediated by the AT, receptor subtype, while Ang ll-induced changes in LH and prolactin secretion appear to be mediated by both the AT(2) and AT(2) receptor subtypes. The latter observations are one of the first suggesting a potential function for the AT(2) subtype in vivo, although the physiological relevance of this observation, as well as the site of action for the effects on LH and prolactin, remain to be established.     

Differential regulation of neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus and locus coeruleus by stress and antidepressants

In rats, circulating corticosterone and insulin are involved in regulation of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) system, which in turn, is involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Since the HPA axis and stress responsivity is altered in diseases such as depression, we investigated interactions between the effects of stress and antidepressant drug treatment on arcuate nucleus and locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions using in-situ hybridization histochemistry. After acute (2 h) and repeated immobilization (2 h daily, for 14 days), plasma concentrations of corticosterone increased, and those of insulin decreased. The expression of NPY mRNA was significantly increased in the arcuate nucleus, but was unchanged in the locus coeruleus following acute and repeated immobilization. Adrenalectomized rats with systemic corticosterone replacement (ADX+CORT), whose corticosterone concentration was maintained at approximately 50-100 ng/ml during repeated stress, showed a decrease in plasma insulin and an increase in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA similar to that observed in sham rats, suggesting that changes in NPY mRNA levels are more closely tied to circulating insulin than to circulating corticosterone. In contrast, locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions in ADX+CORT rats were significantly higher than those in sham rats after repeated stress. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) treatment for 24 days did not affect basal plasma concentrations of corticosterone or insulin, or arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions, but significantly decreased basal levels of locus coeruleus NPY mRNA compared to saline-treated rats. After repeated immobilization (2 h daily, for 4 days), DMI significantly reduced the stress-induced rise in locus coeruleus NPY mRNA levels, but potentiated the stress-induced rise in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that: (1) the increase in arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions in stressed rats closely follows the decrease in plasma concentrations of insulin; (2) increases in NPY mRNA expressions occur in the absence of changes in plasma corticosterone; and (3) desipramine treatment potentiated the effect of stress on arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expressions, but blocked the repeated stress-induced increase in locus coeruleus NPY mRNA expressions. Thus, NPY mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus and the locus coeruleus is sensitive to the effects of stress and to the antidepressant drug desipramine, but the arcuate nucleus NPY system is regulated by different mechanisms than the locus coeruleus NPY system. The results provide further evidence for the importance of circulating insulin in the regulation of the arcuate nucleus NPY system.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤的诊治特点

目的对儿童后颅窝肿瘤的临床特征、病理类型、手术切除及术后并发症进行分析。方法回顾分析我院儿童(15岁以下)后颅窝肿瘤30例，术前头颅CT及MRI确定肿瘤位置分别采用咬骨窗开颅(21例)和骨瓣开颅(9例)显微镜下切除肿瘤。结果全切除肿瘤20例，近全切除肿瘤10例。无手术死亡。术后病理证实：星形细胞瘤9例，髓母细胞瘤14例，室管膜瘤4例，恶性室管膜瘤3例。结论MRI能清楚地显示肿瘤的大小、部位、范围和界限，根据肿瘤不同部位选择最佳的手术入路，显微镜下暴露肿瘤最直视的部位分离肿瘤，可安全地全切除或近全切除肿瘤。     

氟吗啉诱发V79和CHL细胞基因突变和染色体畸变的研究

目的 探讨氟吗啉的致突变性。方法 首先测定氟吗啉对V79和CHL的细胞毒性，然后在非代谢活化和代谢活化条件下，进行氟吗啉诱发V79细胞HGPRT基因突变试验和CHL细胞染色体畸变试验。结果 以氟吗啉500、100、20和4μg/mL浓度处理V79细胞，处理组诱变率与阴性对照组突变率比较，差异无显著性(P≥0．05)；以500、250、125和62．5μg／mL浓度处理CHL细胞24、48h后，在非代谢活化条件下，处理组染色体畸变均小于5％，但在代谢活化条件下，处理组染色体畸变率均大于5％，而且呈剂量．反应关系，通过G-显带发现断裂集中发生于4q上，是断裂热点。结论 可以认为应用氟吗啉100～200mg／L防治植物病害不会对人类健康造成危害，但是职业人群应注意防护。     

踝足矫形器矫治脑瘫患儿尖足初步疗效分析

目的对痉挛型脑瘫患儿踝足矫形器配戴前后的尖足改善情况进行量化评定。方法对24例痉挛型脑瘫患儿(48足)配戴矫形器6个月后进行疗效评定。结果48只尖足均得到了明显改善,其中显效25%,好转64.6%,无变化10.4%,与配戴踝足矫形器前比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。在尖足改善的同时,患儿的站立和步行能力均得到了提高。结论踝足矫形器在纠正脑瘫患儿尖足、提高下肢运动功能方面有积极的作用。