HIV-1 CRF55_01B毒株流行特征的研究进展

CRF55_01B是我国报道的HIV-1主要流行毒株之一,具有较为独特的流行病学和基因进化特征。近几年HIV-1分子流行病学监测发现CRF55_01B已经成为我国第五个主要流行HIV-1毒株。本研究从他的发现起源、流行情况、致病性和耐药性及参与的重组等方面进行综述,并讨论了与其流行密切相关的社会和生物学因素。     

河北汉族人群D7S21位点DNA多态性研究

目的探讨D7S2 1位点在河北汉族人群分布的多态性 ,为DNA指纹数据库的构建及其法医学应用提供基础资料。方法应用MVR PCR方法和聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法对 12 4名河北汉族人群无关个体D7S2 1位点进行了快速检测 ,并进行数字编码。结果每一个体平均得到 3 6个数字编码 ,未发现任何两个无关个体所有编码相同 ,两无关个体 3 6个编码相同的机率为 3 .4 8× 10 -18。三种重复单位a 型、t 型和o 型出现的机率分别为 4 8.5 %、4 9.5 %和 2 .1%。该位点杂合度为 0 .9876,非父排除率为 0 .974 6,多态性信息含量为 0 .9872。结论D7S2 1位点在河北汉族人群中具有高度的多态性 ,聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法简便、快速 ,具有一定的实用价值     

滕州市致病性弧菌检测报告

报道了1995年以来,滕州市致病性弧菌种类、分,布等病原学检测情况。共检疑似霍乱病人粪便1562人份,检出致病性弧菌127株,检出率为8．13％,其中非01群霍乱弧菌居首位83株占65．35％,其次为麦氏弧菌13株占10．4％,溶藻弧菌11株,河弧菌9株,副溶血弧菌6株,弗尼期弧菌5株。83株非01群霍乱弧菌可分型占61株,分布8个血清型,定型率为73．49％,127株致病性弧菌产类霍乱肠毒素（G）47株占37．00％,以非01群霍乱弧菌产生类CT所占比例为最高,从而说明它在毒力和致病性方面占有重要地位。     

血脂康对肾病综合征病人脂代谢的影响

目的 :研究血脂康对肾病综合征病人脂代谢的调节作用 ,并与辛伐他汀比较。方法 :37例肾病综合征高脂血症病人随机分为血脂康组 (19例 ,血脂康 1.2g/d)和辛伐他汀组 (18例 ,舒降之 10mg/d) ;治疗前和治疗 4周后分别检测肝、肾功能、血脂、电解质及 2 4h尿蛋白。结果 :两组在治疗 4周后TC、TG及LDL C均下降 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,TP、ALB和HDL C升高 (P <0 .0 1或 <0 .0 5 ) ;而两组间比较治疗前和治疗 4周后的上述指标差异均无显著性 (P均>0 .0 5 )。结论 :血脂康能显著性降低肾病综合征病人TC、TG和LDL C水平 ,提高HDL C水平。     

用Amp—Flp方法分析D1S80位点多态性

目的：为了解广西壮族人群D1S80位点群体遗传资料,方法,使用扩增片段长度多态性（Amp-Flp)和PCR结合聚丙烯酰胺凝电脉及银染技术,对300名文本地区壮族无关个体D1S80位点多态性分析,结果,观察到23个等位基因,74个基因型,杂合度,非交排除率,个体识别力及多态信息含量分别为0.824,0.763,0.968,0.875,其基因频率分布符合Hardy-weinberg定律,对5个家系相关个体分析符合孟德尔定律,结认,该方法具有快速,简便,特异性强,灵敏度高特点。     

中国北方汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族DYS19基因座的遗传多态性

目的;研究DYS19基因座在中国北方汉族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族群体中的遗传多态性及其法医学应用。方法：应用聚合酶链反应后变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离扩增产物结合银染显带的方法,对101例北方汉族、56例维吾尔族、30例哈萨克族无关男性个体的DYS19基因座进行检测。结果：DYS19基因座在3个群体中共检出5种等位基因,基因频率分布范围分别为0．069－0．594,0．071－0．500,0．100－0．667;个人识别机率分别为0．600,0．675,0．491。χ^2检验表明等位基因分布具有明显的人群差异。家系调查符合单体父系遗传方式。结论：DYS19基因座个人识别机率高,属较高鉴别能力的遗传标记系统,且具有明显的人群分布差异,在法医学及人类遗传学研究中具有重要的应用价值。     

Subtype‐specific differences in transmission cluster dynamics of HIV‐1 B and CRF01_AE in New South Wales,Australia

IntroductionThe human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) pandemic is characterized by numerous distinct sub‐epidemics (clusters) that continually fuel local transmission. The aims of this study were to identify active growing clusters, to understand which factors most influence the transmission dynamics, how these vary between different subtypes and how this information might contribute to effective public health responses.MethodsWe used HIV‐1 genomic sequence data linked to demographic factors that accounted for approximately 70% of all new HIV‐1 notifications in New South Wales (NSW). We assessed differences in transmission cluster dynamics between subtype B and circulating recombinant form 01_AE (CRF01_AE). Separate phylogenetic trees were estimated using 2919 subtype B and 473 CRF01_AE sequences sampled between 2004 and 2018 in combination with global sequence data and NSW‐specific clades were classified as clusters, pairs or singletons. Significant differences in demographics between subtypes were assessed with Chi‐Square statistics.ResultsWe identified 104 subtype B and 11 CRF01_AE growing clusters containing a maximum of 29 and 11 sequences for subtype B and CRF01_AE respectively. We observed a > 2‐fold increase in the number of NSW‐specific CRF01_AE clades over time. Subtype B clusters were associated with individuals reporting men who have sex with men (MSM) as their transmission risk factor, being born in Australia, and being diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.01). CRF01_AE infections clusters were associated with infections among individuals diagnosed during the early stage of infection (p < 0.05) and CRF01_AE singletons were more likely to be from infections among individuals reporting heterosexual transmission (p < 0.05). We found six subtype B clusters with an above‐average growth rate (>1.5 sequences / 6‐months) and which consisted of a majority of infections among MSM. We also found four active growing CRF01_AE clusters containing only infections among MSM. Finally, we found 47 subtype B and seven CRF01_AE clusters that contained a large gap in time (>1 year) between infections and may be indicative of intermediate transmissions via undiagnosed individuals.ConclusionsThe large number of active and growing clusters among MSM are the driving force of the ongoing epidemic in NSW for subtype B and CRF01_AE.     

A phase IIA extension study evaluating the effect of booster vaccination with a fractional dose of RTS,S/AS01E in a controlled human malaria infection challenge

BackgroundWe previously demonstrated that RTS,S/AS01_B and RTS,S/AS01_E vaccination regimens including at least one delayed fractional dose can protect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) model, and showed inferiority of a two-dose versus three-dose regimen. In this follow-on trial, we evaluated whether fractional booster vaccination extended or induced protection in previously protected (P-Fx) or non-protected (NP-Fx) participants.Methods49 participants (P-Fx: 25; NP-Fx: 24) received a fractional (1/5th dose-volume) RTS,S/AS01_E booster 12 months post-primary regimen. They underwent P. falciparum CHMI three weeks later and were then followed for six months for safety and immunogenicity.ResultsOverall vaccine efficacy against re-challenge was 53% (95% CI: 37–65%), and similar for P-Fx (52% [95% CI: 28–68%]) and NP-Fx (54% [95% CI: 29–70%]). Efficacy appeared unaffected by primary regimen or previous protection status. Anti-CS (repeat region) antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) increased post-booster vaccination. GMCs were maintained over time in primary three-dose groups but declined in the two-dose group. Protection after re-challenge was associated with higher anti-CS antibody responses. The booster was well-tolerated.ConclusionsA fractional RTS,S/AS01_E booster given one year after completion of a primary two- or three-dose RTS,S/AS01 delayed fractional dose regimen can extend or induce protection against CHMI.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03824236.A video linked to this article can be found on the Research Data as well as Figshare https://figshare.com/s/ee025150f9d1ac739361     

Effect of Locus Coeruleus Stimulation on Ocular Hypertension and Pathology of Pulmonary Surfactant during Chronic Emotional Stress

In chronic experiments on rabbits and rats, parameters of eye homeostasis (intraocular pressure and ocular hydrodynamics) and lungs (water balance and surface-active properties of surfactant) were studied during electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus against the background of chronic stress induced in rabbits by repeated electrical stimulation of the ventromedial nucleus and in rats by daily immobilization on a platform. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus eliminated ocular hypertension of hypothalamic origin and stress-induced disturbances in surface activity, blood volume, and water balance in the lungs.     

中西医结合治疗慢性牙周炎96例疗效观察

目的 :探讨中西医结合治疗慢性牙周炎新方法。方法 :采用玉女煎加味方剂。结果 :中西医结合组治疗牙周炎总有效率为 93 75 % ,纯西药组为 81 2 5 % ,两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) 。结论 :中西医结合治疗慢性牙周炎价格便宜 ,可增加疗效 ,缩短病程。