Ameliorating effects of Nigella sativa oil on aggravation of inflammation,oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by smokeless tobacco extract in an allergic asthma model in Wistar rats

Background

The comparison of smokeless tobacco (ST) exposure versus Ovalbumin (Ova) sensitized rats or asthmatic patients has hardly been studied in the literature. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the aggravation of inflammation, exacerbation of asthma, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by ST.

Bimodal action of miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol,phytoestrogens from Pueraria candollei var. mirifica, on hepatic CYP2B9 and CYP1A2 expressions and antilipid peroxidation in mice

Miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol are phytoestrogens isolated from Pueraria candollei var. mirifica. The influence of miroestrol and dexoymirosestrol on hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and antioxidative activity in brain was examined in C57BL/6 mice compared with that of a synthetic female sex hormone estradiol. We hypothesized that miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol would induce CYP2B9 expression, whereas CYP1A2 expression would be suppressed compared with estradiol. Miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol treatment significantly increased uterus weight and volume. In addition, both of these phytoestrogens induced the expression of CYP2B9 and suppressed the expression of CYP1A2, as expected. Hepatic P450 activities correspondingly showed that both compounds increased benzyloxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity, whereas methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity was reduced. These observations suggested that miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol might affect hepatic P450 enzymes, including the CYP2B9 and CYP1A2 P450 isoforms. Assessment of lipid peroxidation demonstrated that miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol markedly decreased levels of malondialdehyde formation in the mouse brain. This is the first report suggesting miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol as potential alternative medicines to estradiol because of their distinctive ability to regulate mouse hepatic P450 expression and their beneficial antioxidative activities.     

血清m-AST、TBA检测在酒精性肝病诊断中的应用

目的实验探讨m-AST、TBA等临床化学指标检测与酒精性肝病的关系。方法用HITACHI7600-020生化分析仪对56例酒精性肝病组和53例急性、慢性病毒性肝炎组及50例对照组血清中m-AST、AST、TBA、餐后2hTBA、ALT等临床化学指标进行检测。结果酒精性肝病组的m-AST、TBA、餐后2hTBA、m-AST/AST、2hTBA/TBA水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。m-AST/AST、2hTBA/TBA明显高于急性、慢性肝炎组(P<0.01)。而ALT等其它临床化学指标虽然高于对照组,但缺乏疾病组间鉴别的特异性依据。结论m-AST、AST、m-AST/AST、TBA、餐后2hTBA的水平检测在诊断酒精性肝病早期中具有重要的意义。     

早期肝损害患者进行血清总胆汁酸(TBA)测定的诊断价值分析

目的对早期肝损害患者进行血清总胆汁酸(TBA)测定的诊断价值进行研究分析。方法将2011年9月至2013年2月本院的临床标本106例随机分成实验组、对照组两组,实验组由56例早期肝损害患者组成,对照组由身体健康者50例组成。分别进行血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、腺苷脱氨(ADA)的测定。结果实验组TBA的阳性率为37.50%,明显高于ALT和ADA的阳性率16.07%、17.86%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组的TBA、ALT、ADA含量均正常;不同程度肝损害情况下,TBA的含量变化明显高于ALT和ADA,且TBA的的轻、中、重度损伤下的阳性率为28.57%、40.00%、73.33%,明显高于ALT及ADA的各阳性率,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论血清总胆汁酸(TBA)可以作为早期肝损害的一种灵敏的指标。     

Development of cyclosporine A-loaded dry-emulsion formulation using highly purified glycerol monooleate for safe inhalation therapy

The main objective of this study was to improve the safety and oxidative stability of glycerol monooleate (GMO)-based dry-emulsion (DE) formulation containing cyclosporine A (CsA) for inhalation therapy. GMO or highly purified GMO (hpGMO) was used as surfactant for the DE formulations (GMO/DE or hpGMO/DE), the toxicological and physicochemical properties of which were characterized with a focus on oxidative stability, in vitro/in vivo toxicity, and dissolution property. Incubation of GMO at oxidation accelerating conditions for 10 days at 60 °C resulted in the formation of lipid peroxides as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (111 μmol/mg); however, hpGMO samples exhibited increase of only 20.7 μmol/mg in malondialdehyde level. No significant acute cytotoxicity was observed in rat alveolar L2 cells exposed to hpGMO (0.28 mM), and intratracheal administration of hpGMO powder in rats did not cause an increase of the plasma LDH level. The hpGMO/DE exhibited marked improvement in dissolution behavior of CsA, and stable fine micelles with a mean diameter of 320 nm were formed when suspended in water. A respirable powder formulation of hpGMO/DE (hpGMO/DE-RP) was newly prepared, and its in vitro inhalation property and in vivo efficacy were also evaluated. The hpGMO/DE-RP exhibited high dispersibility in laser diffraction analysis and significantly improved potency to attenuate recruitment of inflammatory cells into airway and thickening of airway wall in an animal model. Thus, the strategic use of hpGMO would improve oxidative stability and local toxicity compared with a GMO-based DE formulation, and its application to RP formulation could be a promising approach for effective inhalation therapy.