Adduction of DNA with MTBE and TBA in mice studied by accelerator mass spectrometry

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a currently worldwide used octane enhancer substituting for lead alkyls and gasoline oxygenate. Our previous study using doubly (14)C-labeled MTBE [(CH(3))(3) (14)CO(14)CH(3)] has shown that MTBE binds DNA to form DNA adducts at low dose levels in mice. To elucidate the mechanism of the binding reaction, in this study, the DNA adducts with singly (14)C-labeled MTBE, which was synthesized from (14)C-methanol and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), or (14)C-labeled TBA in mice have been measured by ultra sensitive accelerator mass spectrometry. The results show that the methyl group of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol definitely form adducts with DNA in mouse liver, lung, and kidney. The methyl group of MTBE is the predominant binding part in liver, while the methyl group and the tert-butyl group give comparable contributions to the adduct formation in lung and kidney.     

乙型病毒性肝炎临床检验结果分析

目的探讨乙型病毒性肝炎患者临床检验结果。方法选取我院2014年1~10月收治的76例乙型病毒性肝炎患者作为观察组,同时收集同期在我院门诊行健康体检的54例健康人群为对照组。比较两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AIT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)、白蛋白(ALB)、血清胆醇(CHO)、总胆汁酸(TBA)水平变化。结果两组AIT、AST、ALP、GGT、CHE、ALB、CHO、TBA水平比较,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论乙型病毒性肝炎患者临床检验结果表明,AIT、AST、ALP、GGT、CHE、ALB、CHO、TBA水平均出现异常,可作为临床诊断指标。     

Biological effects of bacterial pigment undecylprodigiosin on human blood cells treated with atmospheric gas plasma in vitro

It is known that some bacterial species are more resilient to different kinds of irradiation due to the naturally developed protective mechanisms and compounds such as pigments. On the other hand, reasoned tissue engineering using plasma remains a critical task and requires very precise control of plasma parameters in order to mitigate its potential detrimental effects. Here we isolated a natural protective agent, microbially produced undecylprodigiosin ((5′Z)-4′-methoxy-5′-[(5-undecyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]-1H,5′H-2,2′-bipyrrole), and investigated its effects on human blood cells independently and in combination with plasma. Two approaches were applied; the first, undecylprodigiosin (UP pigment) was added to the blood cultures, which then were exposed to plasma (pre-treatment); and the second- the blood cultures were exposed to plasma and then treated with pigment (post-treatment). The interactions of plasma and UP pigment with blood cells were investigated by conducting a series of biological tests providing the information regarding their genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and redox modulating activities. The exposure of cells to plasma induced oxidative stress as well as certain genotoxic and cytotoxic effects seen as elevated micronuclei incidence, decreased cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. In blood cultures treated with UP pigment alone, we found that both cytotoxic and protective effects could be induced depending on the concentration used. The highest UP pigment concentration increased lipid peroxidation and the incidence of micronuclei by more than 70% with maximal suppression of cell proliferation. On the contrary, we found that the lowest UP pigment concentration displayed protective effects. In combined treatments with plasma and UP pigment, we found that UP pigment could provide spatial shielding to plasma exposure. In the pre-treatment approach, the incidence of micronuclei was reduced by 35.52% compared to control while malondialdehyde level decreased by 36% indicating a significant mitigation of membrane damage induced by plasma. These results open perspectives for utilizing UP pigment for protection against overexposures in the field of plasma medicine.     

乙肝感染孕妇血清CG、ALT和TBA检测临床意义探讨

探讨乙肝感染孕妇血清CG、ALT和TBA检测的临床意义。选取70例乙肝感染住院孕妇作为试验组,选取同期行产前检查的70例健康孕妇作为对照组,比较两组血清CG、ALT和TBA阳性率差异。试验组血清CG阳性率明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);大三阳组血清CG、ALT和TBA阳性率均明显高于小三阳组,差异具有显著性(P0.05);大三阳组血清CG、ALT和TBA阳性率和小三阳组血清CG阳性率均明显高于对照组,差异具有显著性(P0.05)。血清CG、ALT和TBA均为肝功能检测敏感指标,能够直观反应机体肝功能受损程度,其中CG敏感度更高,能够为临床诊断提供准确依据。     

Mutual anti-oxidative effect of gossypol acetic acid and gossypol–iron complex on hepatic lipid peroxidation in male rats

Gossypol displays anticancer behavior and anti-fertility in males. Male rats were treated with either gossypol acetic acid (GAA) or gossypol–iron complex (GIC). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity elevated of GAA. However, GIC-treated animals showed a decrease in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Whereas, GSH-Px specific activity increased in GAA group. GAA and GIC induce significant increases in the hepatic NEFA with remarkable decrease in the total saturated fatty acids with a significant increase of PUFA.     

In vitro effect of n-nitrosodiethylamine on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in human erythrocytes

Human erythrocytes were used in vitro to investigate the effect of the hepatocarcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). LPO and erythrocyte haemolysis increased with increasing concentrations of NDEA and with increased exposure time. CAT activity decreased while GR activity increased with both the increasing concentrations of NDEA treatment and exposure time. However, no alteration was observed in SOD enzyme activity. The inhibitory effects of antioxidants and free radical scavengers such as EDTA, succinic acid, sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid were observed. These agents lowered NDEA-induced LPO and haemolysis in erythrocytes. This might indicate that the generation of free radicals and subsequent LPO may play a role, at least in part, in inducing NDEA toxicity.     

SIRT1 exhibits antioxidative effects in HT22 cells induced by tert‐butyl alcohol

Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) is a principal metabolite of methyl tertiary‐butyl ether (MTBE), a common pollutant worldwide in the ground or underground water, which is found to produce nervous system damage. Nevertheless, few data regarding the effects of TBA has been reported. Studies indicated that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in MTBE neurotoxic mechanism. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to exert a neuroprotective effect on various neurologic diseases via resistance to oxidative stress by deacetylating its substrates. In this study, we examined levels of oxidative stress after exposure to TBA for 6 h in HT22 cells and HT22 cells with SIRT1 silencing (transfected with SIRT1 siRNA) or high expression (preconditioned with agonists SRT1720). We found that TBA activated oxidative stress by increasing generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and Oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and decreasing contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH). In additional, levels of TBA‐induced oxidative stress were aggravated when SIRT1 silenced but alleviated when SIRT1 enhanced. Our study indicated that SIRT1 mitigated oxidative stress induced by TBA.     

肝病患者血清前白蛋白测定的临床意义

目的 通过测定急、慢性乙型病毒性肝炎和肝硬化不同肝病患者血清中前白蛋白、白蛋白、总胆汁酸含量及凝血酶原活动度，探讨上述不同指标在判定肝脏功能，指导临床治疗中的意义。方法 健康对照组20例（A组）；急性无黄疸型乙肝20例（B组）；急性黄疸型乙肝20例（C组）；慢性乙肝20例（D组）；肝硬化患者20例（E组）。所有被检对象均在清晨空腹静脉采血，用ELISA法测定，试剂盒分别由上海海军医学研究所和南京军区总医院提供，按说明书严格操作。结果 从急性乙型肝炎到慢性乙型肝炎至乙肝后肝硬化，患者血清前白蛋白逐渐降低（均值（mg／L）A组：240．4；B组：170．6；C组160．1；D组：120．8；E组：76．1）。急、慢性乙型肝炎明显降低（P〈0．05）。乙肝后肝硬化显著下降（P〈0．01）。TBA急、慢性乙型肝炎，乙肝后肝硬化组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。而白蛋白、PT仅肝硬化组与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论 血清前白蛋白（Preaibumirk PA）含量的改变能敏感、特异、快速的反应肝病患者肝脏功能的变化。     

血清总胆汁酸检测在慢性肝炎中的应用

血清总胆汁酸（TBA）的测定有利于慢性肝炎的监测，且可代替重复进行的活组织检查。近期对肝胆科36例患者的检测分析报告如下：