血清总胆汁酸测定在慢性肝病中的诊断价值

目的分析血清总胆汁酸(TBA)检测用于慢性肝病的诊断和鉴别。方法采用日立公司OLYMPUSAU400自动生化分析仪。结果慢性迁延性肝炎、慢性活动性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌患者血清中的TBA异常率分别为79.3%、100.0%、91.7%、77.8%,同时检测ALT对照其中的异常率分别为65.0%、100.0%、50.0%、50.0%。结论TBA与常规肝功能联合检测可用于慢性肝病、肝硬化和肝癌的诊断或鉴别诊断。     

胸腔积液四项生化指标测定在胸腔积液性质鉴别中的应用

目的:探讨胸腔积液C-反应蛋白(CRP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、胆固醇(TCH)、总胆汁酸(TBA)在胸腔积液性质鉴别中的应用。方法:检测70例胸腔积液患者胸腔积液CRP、LDH、TCH、TBA四项生化指标。结果:恶性组CRP、LDH、TCH、TBA测定结果分别是(11.01±18.21)mg/L、(501.02±304.11)U/L、(2.15±0.81)mmol/L、(12.51±9.46)μmol/L;良性组测定结果分别是(26.15±21.03)mg/L、(310.22±185.43)U/L、(1.63±0.49)mmol/L、(6.85±2.92)μmol/L。CRP在良性胸腔积液中明显升高与恶性胸腔积液检测结果相比P<0.01;LDH、TCH、TBA在恶性胸腔积液中显著升高与良性胸腔积液相比P<0.01。结论:CRP、TCH、LDH、TBA联合检测在胸腔积液性质来源中鉴别中有一定的临床价值。     

Changes in Expanded Program for Immunization coverage for mother and child in Krakor, Cambodia 1996--1998

We evaluated a training intervention aimed at enhancing the roles of health centre staff, Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) and Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) within the Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) in the district of Krakor, Cambodia. We conducted population-based surveys to determine the coverage of the EPI at baseline (1996) and after the intervention (1998), using data from health cards for mothers and their children and history data. Statistically significant changes over the 2-year period were apparent for tetanus, BCG, polio and DTP, supporting the positive impact the training intervention had on immunization coverage in the district.     

Inhibition of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative damage by 4,5-dihydro-3H-2-benzazepine N-oxides

A number of new analogs of 3,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-2-benzazepine 2-oxide, structurally related to the nitrone spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), were synthesized and evaluated for their activity in vitro as protectants against oxidative stress induced in rat brain mitochondria by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin producing experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD). As assessed by a fluorimetric assay, all 2-benzazepine-based nitrones were shown to decrease hydroxyl radicals (OH) generated during 6-OHDA autoxidation. The inhibition effects on the OH formation shown by the 5-gem-dimethyl derivatives, 2-4 times higher than those of the corresponding 5-methyl derivatives, were attributed to the flattening effect of the 5-gem-dimethyl group on the azepine ring, which should enhance nitrone reactivity and/or increase stability of the radical adducts. In contrast, owing to steric hindrance, a methyl group to C-1 diminishes the OH-scavenging activity of the nitrone group. All the assayed compounds were more potent than PBN as inhibitors of 6-OHDA-induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonylation (PCO), taken as an indicator of mitochondrial protein oxidative damage. The most promising antioxidant (compound 11), bearing 5-gem-dimethyl and spiro C-3 cyclohexyl groups, highlighted in this study as the best features, inhibited LPO and PCO with IC50 values of 20 and 48 microM, respectively, showing a potency improvement over PBN of two order magnitude. Both LPO and PCO inhibition potency data were found primarily related to the OH-scavenging activities, whereas lipophilicity plays a role in improving the LPO (but not PCO) inhibition, as a statistically valuable two-parameter equation proved.     

Antifibrotic effects of CGX,a traditional herbal formula,and its mechanisms in rats

Aim

CGX is a modification of a traditional herbal medicine for “liver cleaning,” which is used to treat various chronic liver disorders in oriental clinics. This study investigated the antifibrotic effects and associated mechanisms of CGX.

Materials and methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN; 10 mg kg⁻¹, ip) injection on 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. CGX (100 or 200 mg kg⁻¹, po) was administrated once a day for 4 weeks. Three cell lines (HepG2, RAW 264.7, and HSC-T6) were used to examine its mechanisms.

Results

CGX treatment dramatically ameliorated the change in liver and spleen weight and serum albumin (p < 0.01), aspartate transaminase (p < 0.01), alanine transaminase (p < 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01), and total bilirubin (p < 0.01) levels. Histopathologically, CGX administration decreased necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen accumulation. The antifibrotic effects of CGX were confirmed from hydroxyproline determination and the reduction in the numbers of activated hepatic stellate cells. In addition, antioxidant proteins, glutathione content, and glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities were maintained in the CGX-treated groups compared with the DMN group. CGX downregulated fibrosis-related genes (inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, connective tissue growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor-beta) and decreased the protein levels of profibrotic cytokines (transforming growth factor-beta and platelet-derived growth factor-beta) in liver tissues. In the cell line-based studies, CGX showed supportive effects, such as the protection of hepatocytes from CCl₄-toxicity, inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, and inactivation of hepatic stellate cells.

Conclusion

These results demonstrated the antifibrotic effects of CGX and the corresponding mechanisms associated with sustaining the antioxidative system and inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation via the downregulation of fibrogenic cytokines.     

妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症尿液总胆汁酸变化及意义

目的：测定妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）患者血清及尿液的胆汁酸水平,探讨ICP时母体胆汁酸转运的变化及意义。方法：ICP患者（ICP组）及正常妊娠（对照组）各20例。血清及尿液总胆汁酸测定采用速率法。结果：（1）ICP组与对照组相比,血清及尿液中总胆汁酸水平均明显升高,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;（2）对照组尿液总胆汁酸水平明显高于血清,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）,而ICP组血清和尿液总胆汁酸水平无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;（3）两组中血清与尿液总胆汁酸水平均无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：ICP患者母血中总胆汁酸水平明显增加,而总胆汁酸经尿液的排泄未成比例增加,这可加重胆汁淤积,引起围产儿不良结局。     

联合检测血清总胆汁酸和前清蛋白在肝脏疾病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨联合检测血清总胆汁酸(TBA)和前清蛋白(PA)对肝脏疾病诊断的价值.方法 对54例急性肝炎、54例慢性肝炎(轻度17例、中度25例、重度12例)、40例肝硬化(代偿期19例、失代偿期21例)、39例肝癌患者和50例健康对照者,空腹采集静脉血,用血清检测TBA、PA、总胆红素(TBiL)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、清蛋白(ALB)等肝功能指标,TBA采用两点速率法,PA采用透射免疫比浊法.结果 急性肝炎、慢性肝炎轻度、慢性肝炎中度、慢性肝炎重度、肝硬化代偿期、肝硬化失代偿期、肝癌和健康对照组血清TBA分别是(179.3±69.5)μmol/L、(31.2±22.9)μmol/L、(48.6±26.5)μmol/L、(121.5±87.3)μmol/L、(54.1±34.3)μmol/L、(102.6±96.8)μmol/L、(64.5±39.7)μmol/L和(4.2±2.5)μmol/L,PA分别是(126.7±51.2)mg/L、(156.6±97.9)mg/L、(141.2±82.5)mg/L、(81.2±37.5)mg/L、(124.1±64.3)mg/L、(77.6±56.8)mg/L、(67.5±32.3)mg/L和(318.1±62.6)mg/L.各肝病组血清TBA明显比健康对照组高(P＜0.05),而PA却均明显比健康对照组低(P＜0.01).结论 血清TBA和PA为诊断肝脏疾病的一个敏感指标,联合检测TBA和PA有助于发现肝脏合成与代谢功能的早期损害.     

肝癌患者血脂及总胆汁酸检测的临床意义

目的 :探讨肝癌患者血脂及总胆汁酸水平的变化及其临床意义。方法 :测定 40例肝癌患者总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL -C)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL -C)、载脂蛋白A1(APOA1)、载脂蛋白B(APOB)、脂蛋白a[LP(a) ]及总胆汁酸 (TBA)水平 ,并以 90例健康人作为对照。结果 :肝癌患者各项指标水平 ( x±s)分别为TC 3 .85± 1.16,TG 1.0 5± 0 .63 ,HDL -C 0 .91± 0 .5 1,LDL -C 2 .74± 0 .88,APOA10 .73± 0 .3 5 ,APOB 0 .87± 0 .3 4,LP(a) 78.2 6± 5 5 .48,TBA 2 9.3 2± 10 .17,对照组各项指标为TC 4.2 8± 0 .72 ,TG1.98± 1.5 8,HDL -C 1.3 1± 0 .2 8,LDL -C2 .96± 0 .67,APOA11.3 5± 0 .2 0 ,APOB 0 .91±0 .2 9,LP(a) 15 3 .63± 112 .65 ,TBA 8.0 2± 2 .15 ,经统计学处理表明TC、TG、APOA1、HDL -C、LP(a)均低于对照组 ,TBA高于对照组 ,而LDL -C、APOB与对照组比较无显著性差异。结论 :肝癌患者存在血脂水平的代谢紊乱 ;检测肝癌患者的血脂及总胆汁酸水平 ,对于观察病情具有实用的临床意义。     

In vivo anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities of Mediterranean dietary plants

Five hydroalcoholic extracts of edible plants from Calabria region (Italy) used in local traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases were evaluated for their in vivo topical anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice) and in vitro antioxidant and antiradical properties (inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation and bovine brain liposomes peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging). All the extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect: 300 microg/cm(2) provoked oedema reductions ranging from 21 to 27%. All the extracts exerted also radical scavenging and/or antioxidant properties, the most active plant being Mentha aquatica L. (Lamiaceae) which contained the highest amount of phenolics (337 mg/g) and of flavonoids (15.75 mg/g). Moreover, the content and the composition of sterols were assessed by GC-MS in the examined plants Borago officinalis L. (Boraginaceae) contained the highest number of sterols.