新生儿高胆红素血症肝功能测定的临床意义及应用

目的探讨新生儿高胆红素血症时血清TBA、ALT、AST、GGT的变化及临床意义。方法采用7170全自动生化分析仪德国DILAB试剂,对70名正常新生儿和30名轻度黄疸患儿和38名中、重度黄疸患儿的血清进行检测。结果将轻度黄疸和中、重度黄疸各测定项目分别与正常对照组进行两样本均数t检验,轻度黄疸TBA（P〈0.05）与正常对照组有显著差异,ALT、AST、GGT（P均大于0.05）无显著差异。中重度黄疸TBA（P〈0.01）、AST、GGT（P〈0.05）均有显著性差异,ALT（P〉0.05）无显著差异。结论新生儿黄疸患儿的胆汁酸与正常对照有显著差异,且随黄疸程度增加显著升高,而ALT、AST、GGT变化不明显。     

Lawsonia inermis L. (henna): Ethnobotanical,phytochemical and pharmacological aspects

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The use of Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) for medicinal and cosmetic purposes is inextricably linked to ancient and modern cultures of North Africa and Asia. Literature and artwork indicates that Lawsonia inermis played an important holistic role in the daily lives of some ancient cultures, providing psychological and medicinal benefits, as well as being used for personal adornment. Although henna was historically applied to the hands and feet to protect against fungal pathogens and to hair to combat lice and dandruff, other traditional uses include the treatment of liver and digestive disorders, reduction of tissue loss in leprosy, diabetic foot disorders and ulcers.Phytochemistry: Almost 70 phenolic compounds have been isolated from various parts of the plant. Naphthaquinones, which include the dyeing principle lawsone, have been linked to many of the pharmacological activities. The terpene, β-ionone is largely responsible for the pungent odour of the essential oil isolated from the flowers. In addition to other volatile terpenes, some non-volatile terpenoids, a single sterol, two alkaloids and two dioxin derivatives have also been isolated from the plant.Bioactivity: Henna is a pharmacologically important plant with significant in vitro and in vivo biological activities. Although a myriad of pharmacological activities have been documented, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities are the most thoroughly investigated. Some incidents of adverse reactions following application to the skin have been reported, but these are mainly confined to cases involving individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and reactions to adulterants added to henna products.Conclusions: Adulteration of henna is very common and may have resulted in unwarranted scientific findings. Phytochemical profiling studies of the plant, which are crucial for the establishment of proper quality control protocols, are lacking and hamper the development of medicinal products. Although many in vitro studies have been conducted to evaluate the pharmacological activities and many in vivo studies have focussed on the toxicity of extracts, more in vivo studies to validate pharmacological activities are needed. The roles of specific compounds and their synergies have not been comprehensively investigated.     

三酰甘油与总胆固醇试剂对总胆汁酸测定的干扰

目的通过实验研究三酰甘油和总胆固醇试剂对总胆汁酸（TBA）测定的干扰及消除。方法以Randox质控血清为样本,分别单独测定TBA,测定三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）后测定TBA和经过不同的清洗程序、测定通道后测量TBA并测量TG、TC试剂中的TBA含量。结果先测量TG、TC后再测量TBA．其均值分别为（64．33±3．22）μmol／L和（56．34±3．56）μmol／L,与对照组的（20．34±4．66）μmol／L相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;TG经过特殊清洗及增加比色杯和试剂针清洗后,TBA测量值与正常比较无区别（P〉0．05）;TC经过特殊清洗后,仍高于对照（P〈0．05）,但增加比色杯和试剂针清洗后,TBA测量值与正常比较无区别（P〉0．05）;先进行TC、TG测量后连续10次TBA含量,可以看到前6次结果与对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,从第7次开始,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但测量值仍有轻微区别;TC、TG试剂中TBA含量高于生理盐水（P〈0．01）。结论TC、TG试剂中含有高剂量TBA,可能对试剂针、比色杯造成污染;仪器清洗和改变测量通道可以抵抗这种污染,但真正的消除还需依赖技术的进步。     

高胆汁酸血症与不良围产结局的关系

目的研究妊娠期间血清TBA升高与不良围产结局之间的关系。方法对本院326例高血清TBA患者的资料应用统计学方法进行回顾性分析。结果血清TBA升高与不良围产结局的发生关系密切,血清TBA值越高其不良围产结局发生率也越高,而导致TBA升高的不同疾病之间没有统计学差异。结论高胆汁酸血症是不良围产结局发生的重要原因,妊娠期应常规监测血清TBA。     

Rosmarinic acid,a photo-protective agent against UV and other ionizing radiations

Solar UV and other ionizing radiations cause a generation of reactive oxygen species, induce cellular DNA damage and alter skin homeostasis. The use of exogenous antioxidants is increasingly frequents, we attempt to demonstrate that a rosmarinic acid extract acts as photo-protector; both free radical scavenger as an inducer of the body’s own endogenous defence mechanisms by regulating tyrosinase activity and stimulating melanin production. Malonyldialdehyde formation (TBARS) was delayed when RA was used. The protection factor was 3.24 times vs AA. TEAC value for RA was 1.6 times vs AA. The radioprotective-antimutagenic effects of RA were measure using the micronucleus test. The level of micronucleous for treatments before irradiation was: RA [14] < AA [22] < DMSO [28] < Control [32], and after irradiation was: RA [23] < AA [25] < DMSO [31] < Control [32]. RA increased the Tyr activity and its expression level in B16 melanoma cells after stimulation lasting 48 h compared with the negative control. In vivo experiments show the capacity of RA orally administered to inhibit cutaneous alterations caused by UVA exposure (skin photocarcinogenesis). Therefore, according all these experiences, RA can be proposed as a proper photo-protective agent.     

Suppression of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators by Cymbopogon citratus D. Stapf extract in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine alveolar macrophages

Exploration of antioxidants of plant origin and their scientific validation for their immense pharmacological potential is emerging as an issue of intense research now-a-days.The effect of Cymbopogon citratus extract was seen on cell viability, oxidative stress markers i.e. ROS production, SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and GSH content of murine alveolar macrophages stressed with lipopolysaccharide. Modulation in release of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α along with alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential under stress were compared with known plant derived antioxidant quercetin. The extract was not found to be cytotoxic at any of the selected doses. At 5 and 10 μg the extract showed significant increase in SOD activity, GSH content (p < 0.001), decrease in ROS production as seen by fluorescent dye DCFH-DA and also MDA formation (lipid peroxidation marker) significantly. The extract also showed reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α and NO significantly indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. The extract was able to restore mitochondrial membrane potential as estimated by spectrofluorimetry using the fluorescent dye Rhodamine 123. The results suggest potential use of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property of C. citratus in the form of dietary component and also in formulations against lung inflammatory diseases where oxidative stress plays an important role.     

Formaldehyde and tumors in hamster respiratory tract

Male Syrian golden hamsters were exposed to 10 ppm of formaldehyde (H₂CO) 5 times/week for lifetime. Survival of the treated animals was reduced relative to unexposed controls. No tumors were observed in histologic sections of respiratory tract tissues from either unexposed or treated animals. Only a minimal increase in hyperplastic and metaplastic areas was observed in nasal epithelium of exposed animals. However, there was evidence that H₂CO could serve as a cofactor in the incidence of respiratory tumors induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Animals were exposed once per week to 30 ppm H₂CO (5 h/day) for lifetime. No tumors were observed in the respiratory tract of the H₂CO-only control group exposed to this regimen. Hamsters receiving exposures to H₂CO at 2 days prior to each of 10 weekly DEN injections had a higher number of tracheal tumors/tumor-bearing animal at autopsy than those receiving DEN alone.