联合检测6种肿瘤相关抗原抗体对卵巢癌的价值

目的评价survivin、p53、p16、cyclinB1、cyclinD1和cyclinE6种肿瘤相关抗原（TAAs）抗体的联合检测对卵巢癌诊断及术后病情监测的价值。方法用间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测55例原发性上皮性卵巢癌和40例卵巢良性肿瘤,以及23例卵巢癌患者术后化疗期间的69份血清中以上6种TAAs自身免疫抗体,以流行病学方法分析结果,对比CA125分析联合检测6种TAAs抗体的价值。结果单独检测TAAs抗体诊断卵巢癌灵敏度在9．1％～23．6％,而6种TAAs联合并联试验诊断卵巢癌灵敏度为63．6％,特异度、阳性和阴性预测值及约登指数分别是85．7％、87．5％、60．O％及0．4935;联合检测6种TAAs抗体阳性率在卵巢癌不同组织学类型和临床分期间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,且在卵巢癌术后化疗各组阳性率（8．7％～34．8％）较术前组（65．2％）均有明显降低（P〈0．001）;用此法诊断及监测卵巢癌与CA125比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论联合检测血清中6种TAAs自身抗体能够提高卵巢癌的诊断质量,对卵巢癌诊断和术后病情监测可能具有重要参考价值。     

岗松挥发油对实验性肝损害的防治作用

本研究表明,岗松油对四氯化碳、硫代乙酰胺、醋酸强的松龙引起的小鼠SGPT升高有明显的降低作用,使BSP潴留量减少,相应肝组织病变减轻。此外,岗松油对四氯化碳损害小鼠和正常小鼠戊巴比妥钠的睡眠时间均能明显缩短。对巴豆油引起小鼠耳部炎症有明显的抗炎作用。岗松油的毒性很低,口服半数致死量(LD₅₀为3,758±539mg/kg,给兔灌胃687～1030mg/kg每天一次,连续30天,一般表现、血象、肝肾功能及病理检查均未见明显的改变。     

Systematic review: Serum autoantibodies in the early detection of gastric cancer

Antibodies against tumor‐associated antigens have been found in serum of patients with various types of cancers and may serve as biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer as well. This systematic review aims to give an overview about known autoantibodies and their diagnostic value in gastric cancer. We conducted a systematic literature search in two databases to identify studies which performed serological testing for autoantibodies in gastric cancer patients and controls. Data on study characteristics and results were extracted independently by two reviewers. Overall, 39 articles reporting the detection of 34 different autoantibodies met the inclusion criteria for this review. The most common antibody detection method was enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the most frequently assessed autoantibody was anti‐p53, which was tested in 13 studies. Most antibodies were assessed in only one study and only few authors have evaluated the diagnostic value of combinations of multiple autoantibodies. For single autoantibodies, specificity was generally very high (median: 99.15%), but sensitivity was mostly rather low (median: 12.35%). For some autoantibody combinations, substantially higher sensitivity at reasonably high levels of specificity could be achieved. Development of extended and optimized multimarker panels of autoantibodies might be a promising approach for gastric cancer early detection.     

Are the leukocyte telomere length attrition and telomerase activity alteration potential predictor biomarkers for sporadic TAA in aged individuals?

A large variability in occurrence, complications, and age/gender manifestations characterizes individual susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA), even in subjects with the same risk factor profiles. The reasons are poorly understood. On the other hand, TAA pathophysiology mechanisms remain unclear than those involved in abdominal aorta aneurysms. However, recent evidence is suggesting a crucial role of biological ageing in inter-individual risk variation of cardiovascular diseases, including sporadic TAA. Biological age rather than chronological age is a better predictor of vascular risk. Relevant assumptions support this concept. In confirming this evidence and our preliminary data, the mean of blood leukocyte telomere length, through use of terminal restriction fragment assay and in blood samples from sporadic TAA patients and controls, was examined. Telomerase activity was also analyzed in two groups. In addition, we verified the weight of genetic inflammatory variants and the major TAA risk factors in telomere/telomerase impairment. Aorta histopathological abnormalities and systemic inflammatory mediators were ultimately correlated with telomere/telomerase impairment. Data obtained demonstrated shorter telomeres and a reduced telomerase activity in TAA patients significantly associated with a genetic inflammatory risk profile, age, gender, smoking, hypertension, a histopathological phenotype, and higher levels of systemic inflammatory mediators than controls. In conclusion, telomere and telomerase activity’s detection might be used as predictor biomarkers of sporadic TAA. Their impairment also suggests a strong role of vascular ageing in sporadic TAA, evocated by both environmental and genetic inflammatory factors.     

Spinal cord blood flow and ischemic injury after experimental sacrifice of thoracic and abdominal segmental arteries

OBJECTIVE: Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) after sacrifice of thoracoabdominal aortic segmental arteries (TAASA) during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair remains poorly understood. This study explored SCBF for 72 h after sacrifice of all TAASA. METHODS: Fourteen juvenile Yorkshire pigs underwent complete serial TAASA sacrifice (T4-L5). Six control pigs underwent anesthesia and cooling to 32 degrees C with no TAASA sacrifice. In the experimental animals, spinal cord function was continuously monitored using motor evoked potentials (MEPs) until 1h after clamping the last TAASA. Fluorescent microspheres enabled segmental measurement of SCBF along the entire spinal cord before, and 5 min, 1 h, 5 h, 24 h and 72 h after complete TAASA sacrifice. A modified Tarlov score was obtained for 3 days after surgery. RESULTS: All the pigs with complete TAASA sacrifice retained normal cord function (MEP) until 1h after TAASA ligation. Seven pigs (50%) with complete TAASA sacrifice recovered after 72 h; seven pigs suffered paraparesis or paraplegia. Intraoperatively, and until 1h postoperatively, SCBF was similar among the three groups along the entire cord. Postoperatively, SCBF did not decrease in any group, but significant hyperemia occurred at 5h in controls and recovery animals, but did not occur in pigs that developed paraparesis or paraplegia in the T8-L2 segments (p=0.0002) and L3-S segments (p=0.0007). At 24h, SCBF remained marginally lower from T8 caudally; at 72h, SCBF was similar among all groups along the entire cord. SCBF in the segments T8-L2 at 5h predicted functional recovery (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that critical spinal cord ischemia after complete TAASA sacrifice does not occur immediately (intraoperatively), but is delayed 1-5h or longer after clamping, and represents failure to mount a hyperemic response to rewarming and awakening. The short duration of low SCBF associated with spinal cord injury suggests that hemodynamic and metabolic manipulation lasting only 24-72 h may allow routine preservation of normal cord function despite sacrifice of all TAASA secondary to surgical or endovascular repair of large TAAA.     

丙型肝炎病毒C基因在E.coli中的高效表达

目的：通过观察影响ＨＣＶ Ｃ基因在大肠杆菌中表达的因素，研制高表达工程菌株，制备重组抗原，用于免疫诊断和生物学功能研究。     

Turns amplitude analysis of the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether 'clouds' from turns amplitude analysis obtained from the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles without force monitoring can be used to differentiate pathological processes affecting the face. METHODS: The interference pattern from orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris was studied using a concentric needle electrode. Data-points from 20 normal subjects were plotted on a logarithmic scale of mean amplitude between turns versus turns/second, from which linear regression analysis defined the 95% confidence intervals. This enabled us to draw the boundaries of the normal cloud on a linear plot. Data-points from the interference pattern in two pathological cohorts, of 6 patients receiving botulinum toxin injections (representing a neurogenic model), and 6 patients with a muscle dystrophy (representing a myopathic model) were plotted against the normal cloud. These findings were compared and correlated with the mean durations obtained on motor unit action potential analysis from these same two facial muscles. RESULTS: The majority of patients receiving botulinum toxin injections into their facial muscles showed a pattern of high amplitude with low turns/s, or low amplitude with a low-to-normal range of turns/s in both facial muscles. These findings were associated with high-duration motor unit action potentials in most cases. In the myopathic group of patients 66% showed a pattern of low amplitude with low-to-normal range of turns/s in O oculi and O oris. This correlated with short-duration motor unit action potentials in both facial muscles. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that turns amplitude analysis without force monitoring can be used to study the interference pattern from facial muscles and can be applied to differentiate primary neurogenic from myopathic pathological processes. SIGNIFICANCE: Turns amplitude analysis without force monitoring in the facial muscles can be used as an effective and practical method of interference pattern analysis to complement findings from conventional motor unit action potential analysis.     

Translational mini-review series on vaccines: Dendritic cell-based vaccines in renal cancer

Renal cancer is a relatively uncommon solid tumor, accounting for about 3% of all adult malignancies, however this rate incidence is rising. The most common histological renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype is clear cell carcinoma that makes up approximately 70-80% of all renal neoplasms and appears to be the only histological subtype that is responsive to immunotherapeutic approaches with any consistency. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that immune-mediated mechanisms play important roles in limiting tumor growth and that dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APC in the body, and T cells are the dominant effector cells that regulate tumor progression in situ. In this context, the development of clinically effective DC-based vaccines is a major focus for active specific immunotherapy in renal cancer. In the current review we have not focused on the results of recently published RCC clinical trials, as several excellent reviews have already performed this function. Instead, we turned our attention to how the perception and practical application of DC-based vaccinations are evolving.     

Measuring efficacy and safety of different inhaled corticosteroid preparations

Inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for persistent asthma because of their proven efficacy, which is better than any other class of antiasthma therapy. Concerns about unwanted systemic effects with long-term use has, however, limited their use. Efforts have been made to develop inhaled corticosteroids with less systemic activity for a given clinical effect, thereby improving their therapeutic index. Many different study designs and outcome variables have been used to compare different inhaled corticosteroids. Differences in pharmacologic properties between drugs are most easily and accurately measured and quantified by measures of systemic effects. However, these differences should always be related to differences in clinical effects. It is difficult to draw firm conclusions with respect to the therapeutic index of different inhaled corticosteroids because no direct placebo-controlled, dose-response comparisons of clinical effects have been made. Despite this caveat, the available studies suggest that microgram for microgram, when delivered by a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI), fluticasone propionate (FP) is more effective than beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), triamcinolone acetonide (TAA), or budesonide; however, the efficacy of budesonide delivered by Turbuhaler is equipotent to that of FP delivered by pMDI or Diskhaler and more effective than that of BDP. When comparative safety is considered, budesonide or TAA delivered by pMDI have less systemic activity than FP delivered by pMDI, whereas BDP and FP delivered by pMDI appear to be equivalent. Also, budesonide delivered by Turbuhaler has less systemic activity than FP delivered by Diskhaler. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:879-86.)