Impact of Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Extent of Axillary Surgery for Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancers of Triple-Negative and HER2-Overexpressing Phenotypes

BackgroundBreast cancer patients with triple-negative or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing phenotypes are recommended to receive chemotherapy for primary tumors greater than 1 cm regardless of nodal status. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may eradicate subclinical nodal metastases and reduce the extent of axillary surgery performed.Patients and MethodsA query of the National Cancer Database Participant User File was performed for new cases of female breast cancer from 2012 to 2015. Inclusion criteria were clinical N0 status, receipt of chemotherapy, and receipt of axillary surgery. Exclusions included hormone-positive/HER2-negative tumors and/or distant metastatic disease. Subjects were divided into groups by receipt of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary end point was the extent of axillary surgery, defined as sentinel lymph node biopsy alone or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Subgroup analyses were performed on the basis of tumor phenotype and surgery of the primary site.ResultsA total of 66,771 female patients were included, 15,967 of whom underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. ALND rates were higher in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (30.6% vs. 28.8%, P < .001). Among tumor phenotypes, the extent of axillary surgery was reduced most significantly for hormone-negative, HER2-positive disease (30.0% vs. 25.8%, P < .001). ALND rates were more substantially reduced for patients who underwent mastectomy (41.3% vs. 36.1%, P < .001) compared to partial mastectomy (21.8% vs. 20.1%, P = .002). Adjuvant chemotherapy was an independent predictor of ALND (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-1.33).ConclusionNeoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the extent of axillary surgery in clinically node-negative, nonluminal breast cancers.     

外周血中CD4~-CD8~-T细胞的分离及生物学特性检测

目的分离和培养外周血中CD4-CD8-T细胞,检测其生物学活性。方法应用免疫磁珠法分离CD4-CD8-T细胞,流式细胞仪检测CD4-CD8-T细胞纯度,ELISA法检测CD4-CD8-T细胞分泌的IL-4、IFN-γ含量。结果CD4-CD8-T细胞分离后纯度为82.77%,CD4-CD8-T细胞分泌IFN-γ的量为(159.28±38.16)pg/ml,而IL-4含量未能检测出。结论CD4-CD8-T细胞可分泌IFN-γ,基本不分泌IL-4。     

HCV NS3诱导小鼠特异性T细胞反应的抗原多肽序列筛选

目的 筛选HCV NS3的小鼠T细胞表位多肽序列.方法 BALB/c小鼠用HCV NS3加po-ly （I∶C）或CpG ODN及Montanide ISA720佐剂免疫后,分离其脾淋巴细胞,以覆盖HCV NS3全基因的合成重叠多肽组成的不同多肽库进行刺激,以ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测分泌干扰素γ（IFN-γ）的细胞数及CD8＋/IFN-γ＋细胞或CD4 ＋/IFN-γ＋细胞百分比,确定抗原性最强的多肽库,找出HCV NS3的小鼠T细胞表位多肽.结果 通过ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测,能够刺激淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ最多及CD8 ＋/IFN-γ＋细胞或CD4＋/IFN-γ＋细胞百分比最高的多肽被选出作为阳性多肽,其中的一个多肽经进一步的ELISPOT及流式细胞术检测确认,其序列为GGCSGGAYDⅢCDECHS.结论 HCV NS3小鼠T细胞表位序列的确定为HCV疫苗的研究打下了基础.     

获得性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血患者的T淋巴细胞亚群分析及疗效观察

目的 探讨获得性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(PRCA)患者的T淋巴细胞亚群分布和外周血、骨髓中大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL)绝对细胞数及比例,评估获得性PRCA患者的免疫功能状态与免疫抑制剂疗效.方法 选取2002年1月至2015年11月于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血液科住院治疗的25例初诊获得性PRCA患者为研究对象,纳入研究组.其中,5例患者为T细胞型大颗粒淋巴细胞白血病(T-LGLL)继发PRCA,其余20例为原发性PRCA.研究组患者纳入标准:符合《血液病诊断及疗效标准》中有关获得性PRCA的诊断标准;临床资料完整.排除标准:其他具有贫血表现的疾病;临床资料不全者.采用简单随机抽样法选择同期于本院体检中心进行体检的25例健康个体纳入对照组.对照组受试者纳入标准:血常规检查、生化检查结果均在正常参考值范围者.排除标准:血常规检查结果异常及罹患免疫性疾病、肿瘤者.采用流式细胞术对两组受试者进行T淋巴细胞亚群检测;对研究组获得性PRCA患者于治疗前、后进行血常规及骨髓检查;对研究组获得性PRCA患者的骨髓、外周血中LGL绝对细胞数及比例结果和环孢素A等药物治疗疗效进行回顾性分析,并进行统计学比较.本研究遵循的程序符合新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院人体试验委员会所制定的伦理学标准,得到该委员会批准.两组受试者年龄、性别构成比等一般临床资料相比,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结果 ①研究组获得性PRCA患者的辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)比例、Th/抑制性T淋巴细胞(Ts)值均低于对照组,Th比例:(36.6土3.8)％比(45.1±2.1)％,Th/Ts值:1.2±0.2比2.2土0.4,并且差异均有统计学意义(t=9.161、12.174,P=0.032、0.021).研究组Ts比例高于对照组,分别为(30.5±2.8)％比(20.2±1.9)％,并且差异亦有统计学意义(t=13.460,P=0.021).两组自然杀伤(NK)细胞比例相比,分别为(11.3士1.8)％比(10.3±1.3)％,差异无统计学意义(t=1.572,P=0.344).研究组中,5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的Th比例、Th/Ts值均低于其余20例原发性PRCA患者,Th比例:(36.1±3.7)％比(39.1±6.1)％,Th/Ts值:1.0土0.2比1.2±0.1,但差异却均无统计学意义(t=2.293、2.513,P=0.301、0.297);5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的Ts比例则高于其余20例原发性PRCA患者,分别为(31.0±2.7)％比(28.4±2.0)％,但差异无统计学意义(t=1.472,P=0.384);T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的NK细胞比例与其余20例原发性PRCA患者相比,分别为(11.3±1.8)％比(11.1％±2.7)％,差异亦无统计学意义(t=1.572,P=0.364).②研究组中,外周血淋巴细胞比例增高患者为16例(64％,16/25),其中有2～3颗粗大颗粒的LGL者为10例(40％,10/25);LGL占淋巴细胞总数20％以上者为8例(32％,8/25).研究组中,骨髓有2～3颗粗大颗粒LGL患者为4例(16％,4/25),LGL占淋巴细胞总数20％以上者为3例(12％,3/25).研究组25例获得性PRCA患者外周血检出LGL比例较骨髓中检出比例高,并且差异有统计学意义(x2=6.595,P=0.003).③治疗后,25例获得性PRCA患者中血常规检查结果恢复至正常参考值范围患者为18例,其中4例患者的骨髓检查结果亦恢复至正常参考值范围,另14例患者骨髓检查结果显示红系细胞增生程度仍减低,但较治疗前有所增高.研究组疗效评价结果显示,获得基本治愈的获得性PRCA患者为4例,获得缓解者为14例,获得明显进步者为6例,无效者为1例;治疗总有效率为96％(24/25).5例T-LGLL继发PRCA患者治疗后脱离输血,但不同于原发性PRCA患者,其血红蛋白(Hb)水平均未恢复至正常参考值范围内.结论 获得性PRCA患者T淋巴细胞亚群比例失调导致其细胞免疫功能紊乱,外周血检出LGL对获得性PRCA的诊断具有一定意义.环孢素A治疗对于获得性PRCA疗效显著,但对T-LGLL继发PRCA患者的疗效差于原发性PRCA患者.     

Distribution of muscarinic cholinergic high and low affinity agonist binding sites: A light microscopic autoradiographic study

The distribution of high vs. low affinity muscarinic agonist binding sites has been determined using quantitative techniques of receptor autoradiography. The low affinity agonist sites predominate in many regions of the forebrain including the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus. The high affinity agonist sites predominate in the brainstem and represent exclusively the type of muscarinic cholinergic receptor normally present in the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve nucleus, hypoglossal nerve nucleus, and in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The regional localization of these subpopulations provides valuable information for future studies which seek to determine the functional importance of subtypes of muscarinic agonist binding sites.     

Electrophysiological findings in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related peripheral neuropathy

ObjectiveTo report the electrodiagnostic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related neuropathy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical presentations and electrodiagnostic features of 23 patients studied after receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The presentations for electrodiagnostic evaluation included an acute neuropathy or neuromuscular junction disorder. We applied established electrodiagnostic criteria for polyneuropathy and acute demyelinating neuropathy.ResultsWe identified acute demyelinating neuropathy (13 cases), axonal sensory motor neuropathy (5), pure sensory neuropathy (4) and mononeuropathy (1). 13 patients had acute demyelinating neuropathy confirmed by demonstrating demyelination in 2 or more nerves; 3 additional patients had demyelination in only one nerve. Analysis of motor nerve conduction parameters revealed demyelination involving median and ulnar nerve distal motor latencies as well as median, ulnar and peroneal nerve conduction velocities. Conduction block was found in median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. The remaining one-third patients without demyelination had acute painful axonal neuropathy. Coexisting myopathic changes (6) and neuromuscular junction dysfunction (4) were also identified.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that, while immune-mediated motor nerve demyelination is the primary underlying mechanism of ICI-related neuropathy, axonal painful neuropathy can also be an important presentation. Early recognition and effective intervention may reduce morbidity and permanent disability.SignificanceElectrophysiological studies might be useful in the evaluation of ICI-related neuropathy.     

3种类型布-加综合征的临床特点分析

[目的]探讨3种类型布-加综合征的临床特征.[方法]回顾性分析3种类型共57例布-加综合征患者的临床资料,对其临床表现、实验室生化检查结果及影像学结果等进行比较.[结果]57例中男38例,女19例,发病率男女之比为2∶1.3种类型中以下腔静脉型最多26例(45.6％)、肝静脉型14例(24.6％)、混合型17例(29....     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的 探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群数量和比例变化特征及意义.方法 入选2016年1月至2018年12月南京医科大学附属南京医院254例冠心病患者,其中急性心肌梗死80例、不稳定型心绞痛84例和稳定型心绞痛90例,另外选择同期79例胸痛综合征患者设为对照组.流式细胞分析法检测各组患者总T...