北京市大学生心理卫生状况调研

目的：研究分析北京市大学生心理卫生状况。方法：采用精神症状自评量表（SCL－90），通过分层抽样在北京市选取23所高校，测评了有效样本5220个，并进行了比较分析。结果：被试中至少有一个SCL0－90因子的得分大于或等于3分的学生占16．51％，男、女及不同年级学生间比较，均无显著性差异，但这一比例来自农村的学生高于来自城市的学生，且具有显著性差异；总体上，北京市大学生心理卫生水平差于全国常模，但优于国内其他地区大学；女生、二年级学生以及来自县镇和农村学生的心理卫生问题相对较为突出。结论：大学生心理问题不容忽视。     

246例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者SCL-90测查报告

慢性萎缩性胃炎（chronic atrophic gastritis，CAG）患者普遍存在情绪低落、处事消极、容易悲观失望等典型的抑郁症状。本文对246例CAG患者进行了SCL-90问卷调查。     

11O例离异家庭初中生心理卫生及适应状况的对照研究

目的了解离异家庭初中生心理、人格、社交、学习等状况,探讨影响他们再适应的主要因素.方法对110例研究对象作SCL-90、EPQ、社交回避苦恼量表、学习成绩以及相关因素调查,对适应良好和不良组作特质应对、父母养育方式以及精神卫生、离异时间、抚养对象、亲子关系等对照研究.结果 SCL-90大多数因子分显著高于常模(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),有自杀观念占23%,人格问卷中P、N、E,一个或多个因子高于常模占56%,社交困难占40%,成绩显著低于平均分(P＜0.05).适应不良组的消极应对分、父母严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、干涉过度、母亲偏爱分显著高于适应良好组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),成绩以及与非监护人关系差(P＜0.05),监护人心理卫生问题多(P＜0.05).而离异时间、抚养对象、人口学指标等无显著差异(P＞0.05),男生个性问题发生率高,成绩差,较女生适应困难.结论研究对象不良心理、社会交往及学习困难发生率高,影响他们再适应的主要因素有:应对方式、父母养育方式和监护人心理状况以及能否获得非监护人的关爱.     

某金矿凿岩工症状自评量表调查分析

探讨局部振动对工人心理,行为功能的影响。方法 应用ＳＣＬ－９０量表及一般症状查体资料,对４０名金矿井正业凿岩机工人及其对照组２０名工人进行了调查分析。结果 与对照组比较,凿岩组工人在耳鸣,听力下降,高血压等方面有显著性意义;症状量表听各项指标均与对照组有显著差异,且在工作后１０年内易发生。结论局部振动可造成工人心理,行为功能的改变及一些症状的出现,二者又可相互作用,进一步加重对工人身心健康的危害。     

列车乘务员SCL—90评定结果分析

采用ＳＣＬ—９０症状自评量表对某铁路分局４６７名列车乘务员的心理卫生状况进行了分析。结果显示总均分、阳性症状均分、阳性项目数、九组症候群因子分、达到或超过中等严重程度的发生频数均显著高于对照组。经多元逐步回归分析,仅细菌总数和二氧化碳对列车乘务员心理卫生状况有一定影响,其原因多与工作环境的不良因素和工作性质有关。     

Feasibility,acceptability and effects of dance therapy in stroke patients: A systematic review

IntroductionStroke is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in adults, with balance and gait disturbances representing the main limitations of body functions. Dance therapy (DT) has shown positive effects in older adults and in patients with neurological pathologies. This systematic review aims to examine the feasibility, acceptability and effects of DT in stroke rehabilitation, specifically on functional gains of gait and balance.MethodsA systematic search was carried out for articles published in the MEDLINE, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and CINHAL in February 2021 and updated in April 2021. Results: Eight studies were included (2 clinical cases, 5 case series and 1 randomized controlled trial), 7 of them in patients with chronic stroke and only 1 in subacute stroke phase. The most widely used dance modality was tango and ballet, with sessions ranging from 30 to 110 min. DT seems to show positive effects on post-stroke body functions and activities such as gait and balance. Reported dropout rates are inconsistent, no adverse effects were reported, and participant satisfaction was high.ConclusionGiven the heterogeneity and uneven quality of the included studies, strong conclusions cannot be put forward on the effectiveness of DT in post-stroke body function and activities. Nevertheless, DT seems to be safe and acceptable therapy for patients, and no adverse effects have been reported. More studies with a high level of evidence and feasibility are needed to determine the patient profile, the characteristics of the intervention, the participation rate and the role of the rehabilitation professional most likely to generate optimal benefit.     

关于中医辛润法的理论思考

探讨辛润源流,剖析辛味药物,指出辛味药在整体上不具备润养功效,不应与能散、能行相提并论。若把辛润理解为个别药物的润养作用,有失辛润之旨,更无法选药组方应用于临床。因此,当把辛润立之为法,即辛润法。燥证的发病机制,是外燥邪气、痰饮瘀血、气郁邪阻而致津血运行输布障碍,形体失却濡养。辛润机制,赖其辛味行散之功,宣肺祛邪,散饮化瘀,行气除滞,疏通腠理,布津行血而实现     

不同治疗方法对转移性脑肿瘤疗效的对比分析

目的：研究不同治疗方法对改善转移性脑肿瘤临床症状及其预后的疗效,探讨转移性脑肿瘤合理有效的治疗方案。方法：对1995年1月～1997年12月收治的218例转移性脑肿瘤患者进行前瞻性研究,分析评价不同治疗方法对缓解临床症状、改善预后以及延长生存时间的作用和疗效。结果:伽玛刀治疗组病灶完全消失率为34.2％,明显高于其它各组。伽玛刀组、介入化疗组,放疗组的临床症状好转或消失率分别为71.1％、85．7％、64．1％,一年生存率分别为20％、76％、63％。介入化疗组的病灶局部控制率达100％。影像学检查显示颅内转移灶获得良好局部控制的患者临床症状大多好转或消失。结论:伽玛刀能使颅内转移瘤迅速缩小或消失,术后予以全脑放疗或介入化疗能有效地预防转移瘤的复发,缓解临床症状,延长患者的生存时间。     

Radiation doses of yttrium-90 citrate and yttrium-90 EDTMP as determined via analogous yttrium-86 complexes and positron emission tomography

Yttrium-90 is used for palliative therapy for the treatment of skeletal metastases, but because it is a pure - emitter, data on the pharmacokinetics and radiation doses to metastases and unaffected organs are lacking. To obtain such data, the present study employed yttrium-86 as a substitute for⁹⁰Y, with detection by positron emission tomography (PET). The study compared the properties of two different⁸⁶Y complexes —⁸⁶y-citrate and⁸⁶Y -ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) — in ten patients with prostatic cancer who had developed multiple bone metastases (the ten patients being divided into two groups of five). Early dynamics were measured up to 1 h post injection (p.i.) over the liver region, followed by subsequent whole-body PET scans up to 3 days p.i. Absolute uptake data were determined for normal bone, bone metastases, liver and kidney. Radiation doses were calculated according to the MIRD recommendations. Based on the pharmacokinetic measurements of the distribution of the⁸⁶Y complexes, it was possible to calculate radiation doses for the bone metastases and the red bone marrow delivered by complexes containing⁹⁰Y. In 1 cm³ of bone metastasis, doses of 26±11 mGy/MBq and 18±2 mGy/MBq were determined per MBq of injected⁹⁰Y- citrate and⁹⁰Y- EDTMP, respectively. The doses to the bone marrow were 2.5±0.4 mGy/MBq for⁹⁰Y- citrate and 1.8±0.6 mGy/MBq for⁹⁰Y-EDTMP.⁸⁶Y and PET provide quantitative information applicable to the clinical use of⁹⁰Y. This method may also be useful for the design of other⁹⁰Y radiopharmaceuticals and for planning radiotherapy dosages.     

HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate,a potent bispyridinium-dioxime against anticholinesterases

HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate (1-[[[4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio] methoxy] methyl] -2,4-bis [(hydroxyimino) methyl]pyridinium dimethanesulfonate) is a broad-spectrum reactivator against highly toxic organophosphorus compounds. The compound was synthesized by a new route with the carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl)ether being substituted by the non-mutagenic bis(methylsulfonoxymethyl)ether. The very soluble dimethanesulfonate of obidoxime was also prepared by this way. HLö 7 dimethanesulfonate is the first water-soluble salt of HLö 7 that should be suitable for the wet/dry autoinjector technology, because aqueous solutions of HLö 7 are not very stable (calculated shelf-life 0.2 years when stored at 8°C, 1 M solution, pH 2.5). The crystalline preparation contains 96% of thesyn/syn-isomer, less than 2% of thesyn/anti-isomer and some minor identified by-products. HLö 7 was very efficient in reactivating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) blocked by organophosphates as long as ageing did not prevent dephosphylation. HLö 7 was superior to HI 6 (1-[[[4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio]methoxy]methyl]-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridinium dichloride) in reactivating soman and sarin-inhibited AChE from erythrocytes, and literature data indicate that HLö 7 exceeds HI 6 by far in reactivating tabun-inhibited AChE. In atropine-protected, soman-poisoned mice HLö 7 was three times more potent than HI 6 (protective ratio 5 versus 2.5), and in sarin-poisoned mice HLö 7 was 10 times more potent than HI 6 (protective ratio 8 for both oximes). In atropine-protected guinea-pigs HLö 7 was less effective than HI 6 (protective ratio: 2.3 versus 5.2 for soman; 5.2 versus 6.8 for sarin; 4.3 versus 3.8 for tabun). The mean survival time of anaesthetized guinea-pigs exposed to 5 LD₅₀ soman (6.3 min) was increased by atropine (27 min) and atropine + HLö 7 (57 min). HLö 7 alone did not prolong the survival. The most impressive effect of HLö 7 was on respiration: 3 min after i.v. injection of HLö 7 and atropine, the depressed respiration increased rapidly to 60% of control and remained at that level during the observation period (60 min). With atropine alone, respiration recovered only slowly. Behavioural and physiologic parameters were determined in atropine-protected mice exposed to a sublethal soman dose. The running performance was significantly improved by HLö 7. Even central symptoms, e.g. hypothermia and convulsions, were decreased markedly by HLö 7 (evaluation 60 min after poisoning). The pharmacokinetic data for HLö 7 in male beagle dogs are similar to those of HI 6. After i.v. injection: t_1/2 = 5 min; t_1/2ß = 46 min; V_D = 0.24 1/kg; Cl_p1 = 3.7 ml x min^–1 x kg^–1; Cl_ren= 3.2 ml x min^–1 x kg^–1; renal excretion of unchanged HLö 7 = 86%. After i. m. injection: t_1/2abs = 14 min; t_1/2ß = 48 min; Vd = 0.27 1/kg; Cl_p1= 3.9 ml x min^–1 x kg^–1; Cl_ren= 2.7 ml x min^–1 x kg^–1; renal excretion of unchanged HLö 7 = 76%; bioavailability >95%. Plasma protein binding was <5%; HLö 7 did not permeate into red cells. A dose of 20 mol/kg was well tolerated both after i.v. and i.m. administration. In anaesthetized dogs (chloralose) HLö 7 i.v. (20 (imol/kg) showed marginal hypotensive effects, whereas 50 mol/kg resulted in decreased mean blood pressure (–15%) and blood flow (–30%) without reflex tachycardia. One out of four dogs developed a circulatory shock syndrome with anuria. Respiration varied only transiently. Blood gases and pH were not influenced. Similar cardiovascular effects were observed in anaesthetized (urethane) guinea-pigs. In isolated guinea-pig hearts (Langendorff) sinus and ventricular heart rate were not influenced by HLö 7 <500 M. HLö 7 antagonized both carbachol and nicotine effects. Red cell AChE was inhibited by HLö 7 by up to 50%; C₅₀ about 100 M. Previously, HLö 7 was shown to block ganglionic transmission (IC₅₀= 500 M), probably due to ion-channel blockade. These data indicate that HLö 7 combines ganglion blocking, anticholinergic and indirect cholinergic properties like other bispyridinium compounds. The results suggest that HLö 7 may be tolerated by man at a dose of 10 mol/kg. Vital functions are not expected to be impaired. At such a dose (250–500 mg), which can be injected by an autoinjector, HLö 7 is expected to be superior to HI 6.Part of thesis