混悬剂用助悬剂的研究进展

目的对助悬剂为混悬剂型液体药剂的稳定性研究进展作一综述。方法收集近十年内相关文献,并对其进行整理、总结。结果目前较多的助悬剂用于混悬剂的研究。结论虽然助悬剂得到了发展,但还需要进一步发展对人体毒副作用更小的助悬剂。     

悬吊式牵引带治疗腰椎间盘突出症50例临床观察

观察悬吊式牵引带在治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的临床效果。治疗组50例,用其治疗腰椎间盘突出症,对照组50例采用传统的保守疗法。治疗组有效比为92%,对照组为68%。据统计分析,P<0.01。结果表明,该疗法优于传统保守治疗。     

悬浮培养在肿瘤干细胞研究中的应用及局限性

肿瘤干细胞被认为是肿瘤起源、生长和转移的关键因素,已成为当下肿瘤研究的热点之一.由于大多数肿瘤干细胞缺乏特异性的标志物,且组织定位和形态特征不明确,因此无法直接从肿瘤细胞中分离,当前常利用肿瘤干细胞与普通肿瘤细胞功能上的差异区分这2类细胞.悬浮培养法是常用的组织干细胞及肿瘤干细胞的体外研究方法,它能够直观地在单细胞层面上反映细胞的自我更新及增殖能力,因此被广泛用于肿瘤干细胞的鉴定、富集和纯化.然而,悬浮培养获得的细胞与体内真正的肿瘤干细胞存在本质的差别,获得的肿瘤球并不一定具克隆性,且并不是所有具备干细胞性质的细胞都能在悬浮条件下存活.因此,当使用悬浮培养研究肿瘤干细胞时,必须意识到它的局限性,本文旨在对这一问题的研究作一综述.     

HPLC法测定氢溴酸右美沙芬愈创甘油醚干混悬剂的含量

目的：建立氢溴酸右美沙芬愈创甘油醚干混悬剂的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,选用Diamonsil C_(18)色谱柱(4.6mm×15cm),流动相：0.075mol·L~(-1)磷酸三乙胺溶液(pH2.8±0.2)-乙腈(75∶25)；流速：1.0ml·min~(-1),检测波长：280nm。结果：氢溴酸右美沙芬在25.0～125.0μg·ml~(-1),愈创甘油醚在167.6～838.2μg·ml~(-1)的浓度范围内,面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系。氢溴酸右美沙芬愈创甘油醚干混悬剂方法回收率分别为100.6%,99.4%,RSD分别为0.81%,0.46%。结论：方法准确、灵敏、可靠,适用于氢溴酸右美沙芬愈创甘油醚干混悬剂的含量测定。     

Scalable production of influenza virus in HEK-293 cells for efficient vaccine manufacturing

Cell culture processes offer an attractive alternative to conventional chicken egg-based influenza vaccine production methods. However, most protocols still rely on the use of adherent cells, which makes process scale-up a challenging issue. In this study, it is demonstrated that the HEK-293 human cell line is able to efficiently replicate influenza virus. Production in serum-free suspension of HEK-293 cultures resulted in high titers of infectious influenza viruses for different subtypes and variants including A/H1, A/H3 and B strains. After virus adaptation and optimization of infection conditions, production in 3-L bioreactor resulted in titers of up to 10⁹ IVP/mL demonstrating the scale-up potential of the process.     

26%四聚杀螺胺悬浮剂现场灭螺效果-成本分析

目的 了解26%四聚杀螺胺悬浮剂 （MNSC） 现场灭螺效果和应用成本, 评价其推广应用价值。 方法 选择河滩和湖滩为试验现场, 评价MNSC喷洒法灭螺效果与使用成本; 设50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂 （WPN） 作为对照。结果 喷洒MNSC后15 d, 河滩钉螺死亡率为89.40%, 钉螺密度下降了92.35%; WPN组钉螺死亡率为88.08%, 钉螺密度下降了91.67%。在湖滩, MNSC组钉螺死亡率为86.59%, 钉螺密度下降了90.05%; WPN组钉螺死亡率为87.01%, 钉螺密度下降了91.71%。2个试验现场2种药物杀螺效果差异均无统计学意义 （P均＞0.05）。MNSC 每应用100 m2 的综合成本为15.03 元, WPN每应用100 m2 的综合成本为16.29元。结论 MNSC杀螺效果好、 使用成本低、 对环境影响小, 是一种值得推广应用的杀螺药物。     

50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂灭螺效果评价

目的评价50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂的实验室和现场杀螺效果。方法在实验室和现场采用50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂浸杀、喷洒法灭螺,并与50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂进行效果比较。结果室内浸杀,50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂24、48 h和72 h LC_(50)值分别为0.092 6、0.062 9 mg/L和0.054 9 mg/L;室内0.25 mg/L浸杀24、48 h和72h,钉螺死亡率均为100%;室内喷洒,0.25 g/m~2 3 d后钉螺死亡率即可达100%。江陵现场,除0.5 g/m~3浸杀24 h钉螺死亡率为96.67%外,其余浓度组钉螺死亡率均为100%。公安现场,0.5 g/m~3及以上浓度组浸杀钉螺2 d后,钉螺死亡率可达100%;江陵现场,0.5 g/m~2喷洒1、3 d和7 d后钉螺死亡率分别为87.5%、92.82%和97.40%。公安现场,0.5 g/m~2喷洒1、3 d和7 d后钉螺死亡率分别为85.94%、86.78%和94.21%,且1.0 g/m~2组钉螺死亡率均高于实验对照组WPN。结论 50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂具有较好的实验室和现场杀螺效果,为新型高效、使用方便的灭螺药物剂型。     

悬吊下睑板法辅助修复下睑外翻或退缩

目的探讨应用悬吊下睑睑板治疗各种下睑外翻或退缩的方法和疗效。方法对轻度下睑外翻或退缩采用尼龙线在一侧固定于内眦韧带后,向外侧“蛇形”缠绕下睑板,外侧端固定于外眦韧带外上方处悬吊下睑组织的方法修复;对重度下睑外翻或退缩,采用掌长肌腱游离移植辅助治疗瘢痕性下睑外翻的方法,下睑继发创面直接缝合或局部皮瓣转移修复。结果自2009年5月至2013年9月,共修复各种下睑外翻或退缩15例,其中轻度下睑外翻或退缩8例,重度下睑外翻或退缩7例;所有患者术后下睑外翻均得到矫正,随访6～36个月,均无睑外翻或退缩复发。结论根据患者下睑外翻或退缩的情况,采用合适的悬吊下睑板的方法辅助治疗下睑外翻或退缩,可取得较好的修复效果。     

Sternum-mental angle: A new predictor of difficult. Laryngeal exposure in suspension microsurgery – An observational study

ObjectivesIn our study, we hypothesized that sternum-mental angle (SMA) was a totally new preoperative predictor of difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of SMA in predicting DLE in patients undergoing suspension microlaryngeal surgery, and we also searched for risk factors among the selected parameters.MethodsA total of 95 patients with vocal cord dysfunction who underwent microlaryngeal surgery were collected. According to the Cormack–Lehane classification method, the patients were divided into non-DLE group (n = 73) and DLE group (n = 22). Preoperative assessments included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Modified Mallampati's index (MMI), neck circumference (NC), thyroid-mental distance at neutral position (TMD-NP), TMD at full extension position (TMD-FE), sternum-mental distance at neutral position (SMD-NP), SMD at full extension position (SMD-FE), SMA at neutral position (SMA-NP) and SMA at full extension position (SMA-FE). SMA was defined as the angle between the horizontal line and the line from upper border of the manubrium sterni to mental prominence, and SMA's ability to predict difficult laryngoscopy was compared with that of established predictors.ResultsThe DLE incidence of the enrolled patients was 23%. Univariate analysis showed that patients in DLE group presented significantly smaller SMA values. SMA-NP less than 13 provided 68.2% sensitivity and 83.6% specificity and SMA-FE less than 22.5 provided 86.4% sensitivity and 80.8% specificity for the detection of DLE. SMA-FE (≤ 22.5) exhibited the largest area under the curve (AUC: 0.868; 95% CI: 0.784–0.952), confirming its better predictive ability. Binary multivariate logistic regression analyses identified four risk factors including MMI, TMD-FE, TMD-NP which were independently associated with DLE.ConclusionsSMA is a new and simple predictor with a higher level of efficacy, and could help otorhinolaryngologist plan for managements in patients with DLE.     

Endoscopic anterior cricoid split and balloon dilation in pediatric subglottic stenosis

Objectives

To analyze the outcome of a new endoscopic approach for the treatment of pediatric subglottic stenosis.

Study design

Case series.

Setting

Tertiary care center.

Material and methods

Eighteen pediatric cases of grade II to IV subglottic stenosis (8 congenital and 10 acquired) consecutively treated at our institutions by Endoscopic Anterior Cricoid Split (EACS) and balloon dilation between 2006 and 2010. Treatment protocol encompassed systematic postoperative laryngeal stenting (7 days of intubation or 1 month of Montgomery T-tube in previously tracheotomized patients) and endoscopic controls with possible additional balloon dilation every 15 days for at least 2 months.

Results

Patients’ ages ranged from 1 to 101 months. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 4 to 45 months (median value ± SD: 15.3 ± 11.9). The mean duration of the endoscopic procedure was 35.2 ± 13.2 min. The number of days spent in PICU during the perioperative period varied between 2 and 15. Four patients (22.2%) needed one and 14 patients (77.7%) required several (from 4 to 7) additional balloon dilations during the postoperative endoscopic controls. No incident was observed during or immediately after EACS. Treatment was efficient in 83% of cases (n = 15), with no residual respiratory symptoms and grade 0 to 1 SGS at the end of follow-up.

Conclusion

EACS is a safe and efficient technique to treat pediatric subglottic stenosis, regardless of their grade and length, provided to associate it with postoperative laryngeal stenting and regular endoscopic follow-up with possible additional balloon dilations. In our teams, it has become the first line treatment for most grades II to IV SGS. Its indications can be extended to congenital stenosis with cartilaginous involvement and to long-lasting acquired stenosis with firm fibrosis.