初中生主观幸福感与人格特征的关系研究

目的：探讨初中生主观幸福感与人格特征之间的关系。方法：采用中学生主观幸福感量表和EPQ对283名中学生进行调查。结果：(1)初中生的主观幸福感水平在中等程度以上，体验到的正性情感较多，但是仍有一定比例的学生体验到较强的不幸福感。男女生在总体幸福感、家庭满意感、自我满意感、同伴交往满意感和生活条件满意感上存在显著的差异，女生得分均高于男生。(2)总体幸福感及各因子与精神质和神经质显著负相关，与内外向显著正相关。结论：初中生主观幸福感与人格特征关系密切。     

长寿老人主观幸福感及其相关因素研究

目的:了解长寿老人主观幸福感及其影响因素。方法:采用横断面整群抽样调查方法,对732例都江堰市90岁以上老人进行费城老年中心信心量表(PGCMS)、家庭关怀度指数(APGAR)、中文版简易智能状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)及社会支持量表(SSRS)调查。结果:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,PGCMS总分为1-23分,M(QL-QU)为17(13-19)。各年龄组间PGCMS的差异无统计学意义,PGCMS与SSRS中的主观社会支持、客观社会支持及APGAR、MMSE、ADL中的躯体生活自理分量表的相关有统计学意义。结论:PGCMS在90-108岁老人中呈负偏态分布,分值不随年龄的增加而变化。对90—108岁长寿老人主观幸福感有影响的因子及强度依次为主观社会支持、客观社会支持、认知功能状况、家庭关怀情况及日常生活中躯体生活自理能力。     

Sleep on the Night Shift: 24-Hour EEG Monitoring of Spontaneous Sleep/Wake Behavior

The present study sought to objectively describe the spontaneous sleep/wakefulness pattern of shift workers during a 24-hour period. Portable Medilog tape-recorders were used for ambulatory EEG monitoring of 25 male papermill workers (25-55 years) during days with night and afternoon work. The results showed that sleep after night work was two hours shorter than after afternoon work. The sleep reduction affected mainly Stage 2 and REM sleep while slow wave sleep was unchanged. In connection with night work 28% of the workers took a nap in the afternoon. These naps contained a large proportion of slow wave sleep and were, apparently, caused by the sleep deficit after the short main sleep period. The EEG recordings also revealed that 20% of the participants had sleep episodes during night work. These naps were as long as the afternoon naps, were experienced as "dozing offs" rather than naps, occurred at the time of the trough of the circadian wakefulness rhythm, and were concomitant with extreme subjective sleepiness and low rated work load. It was concluded that not only the sleep of shift workers was disturbed, but also the wakefulness--to the extent that sleepiness during night work sometimes reached a level where reasonable wakefulness could not be maintained. The latter observation is probably of special importance in work situations demanding a great responsibility for human lives or for great economic values.     

Association of a Mediterranean Diet and Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Subjective Well-Being among Adults with Overweight and Obesity

Recent evidence suggests that among behavioral-lifestyle factors, adherence to a healthy dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is linked not only to better psychological health and mental positive status but also to increased subjective well-being (SWB). Nevertheless, this association has been unexplored among individuals with excessive weight. This study explored whether adherence to the MedDiet and the intake of healthy foods such as fruits and vegetables (FV) are associated with increased happiness and life satisfaction among Spanish adults with overweight or obesity when weight, body image, and body satisfaction are also considered. A convenience sample of adult individuals with excessive weight completed self-reports on the study variables, and weight and BMI were measured by bioimpedance. No evidence of a relationship with SWB indicators was obtained for MedDiet global indicators, probably due to the low adherence to a healthy diet by these individuals. In contrast, FV intake, as a powerful indicator of healthy eating, was associated with life satisfaction when BMI and body image dimensions were considered, among which body satisfaction had a key role. Moreover, life satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between FV consumption and happiness. Our findings are expected to make a relevant contribution to knowledge on the positive correlates or protective factors for overall well-being in obesity, including dietary habits and body appreciation. Our results may inform obesity management actions focused on inclusive, positive aesthetic models and promoting a healthy lifestyle for happiness in obesity.     

Biased health perceptions and risky health behaviors—Theory and evidence

This paper investigates the role of biased health perceptions as a potential driving force of risky health behaviors. We define absolute and relative health perception biases, illustrate their measurement in surveys and provide evidence on their relevance. Next, we decompose the theoretical effect into its extensive and intensive margin: When the extensive margin dominates, people (wrongly) believe they are healthy enough to “afford” unhealthy behavior. Finally, using three population surveys, we provide robust empirical evidence that respondents who overestimate their health are less likely to exercise and sleep enough, but more likely to eat unhealthily and drink alcohol daily.     

艺术大学生自我效能、主观幸福感及其关系的研究

目的研究艺术大学生自我产能与主观幸福感的关系。方法用幸福感指数量表、一般自我效能感量表494艺术大学生进行了测量。结果①艺术大学生的主观幸福感和自我效能感有显着的独生和性别差异。②艺术大学生的高、低自我效能与主观幸福感存在显着的差异和相关。结论自我效能是影响幸福感的重要因素。     

社区老年人主观幸福度及相关因素分析

目的探讨社区老年人心理健康水平及相关影响因素。方法采用Lawton费城老年中心(PGC)信心量表及自编老年人幸福度调查表,对405名老人进行问卷调查。结果老年人主观幸福度与娱乐活动,生活自理,自感身体状况,经济收入,文化程度,过去职业有非常显著性差异,与目前工作情况,婚姻状况,年龄,性别无明显差异。结论鼓励老年人多参加娱乐活动,保障其经济收入以及提高他们对卫生知识的认识,有利于老年人的身心健康。     

Social Hearing Handicap Index

As a supplement to the acoustic examination at the hearing centre, a questionnaire has devised to reflect patients’ hearing handicaps in daily life. It consists of 21 questions, with which a patient's bias to answer in scored. The principles on which the test was prepared are discussed in general and can therefore be applied to other languages. 25 normally-hearing individuals were examined, together with 198 patients with all kinds of hearing disorders; a rather high correlation (90%) was found between the social hearing handicap index (SHI), and the degree of hearing handicap (SRT). It has, however, been proved that other factor, such as lip-reading capacity, influence the social handicap. The SHI, before and after audiological treatment at the hearing centre, serves as a useful standard to control the effectiveness of our measures, since they are experienced by the patient himself.     

Neighborhood walkability,physical activity and changes in glycemic markers in people with type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort

Studies investigating neighborhood walkability and physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mainly used self-report measures, and only few studies assessed the association with glycemic control. This study assessed the associations between objectively measured (i.e. GIS based) and subjectively measured (i.e. questionnaire-based) neighborhood walkability and changes in glycemic markers in people with T2D, and whether this association was mediated by device-measured physical activity (PA), in the Diabetes Care System Cohort (n = 1230). Neither objective or subjectively measured walkability was associated with glycemic control. In mediation analyses we observed no overall mediation by PA.     

医院工会对职工主观幸福感的现状调查分析

目的 调查北京天坛医院职工的主观幸福感情况,并分析影响因素,为改善医院职工心理健康提供循证参考。方法 采用分层抽样法随机选取北京天坛医院医生500人,护士800人,医技200人和其他岗位职工300人,资料收集时间为2019年11月1—8日,内容包括职工的一般人口学特征及主观幸福感评分,分析不同人口学特征对职工主观幸福感评分的影响。结果 调查共回收有效问卷1785份,问卷的信度和效度良好(克朗巴赫α系数为0.834; KM0值为0.978),被调查职工的主观幸福感评分为(77.00±5.25)分。不同年龄、婚姻状况、学历、岗位、职称和编制的职工主观幸福感评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),35岁以上年龄组职工的主观幸福感评分均显著低于35岁以下职工,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);相较于医技和护理岗位,医生的主观幸福感评分较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。结论 医院应持续开展体验式心理服务项目,提高职工心理健康保健能力,积极改善工作-生活不平衡,提升职工共情能力,重视医生群体的主观幸福感,搭建跨学科交流平台,从而提升职工的主观幸福感。