Rural–urban area of residence and trajectories of children׳s behavior in England

Despite extensive studies of neighborhood effects on children׳s outcomes, there is little evidence on rural–urban impacts on child mental health. We modeled trajectories of emotional–behavioral problems of white majority children at ages 3, 5, and 7 in England in areas with varying levels of rural and urban settlement, using the Millennium Cohort Study. After adjusting for area selection, children in less sparse rural areas had fewer conduct and peer problems, and children in areas with a mix of rural and urban settlement had fewer emotional symptoms, explained by the quality of their schools. Area differences remained in emotional problems.     

青少年环境科学素质提升路径探究

阐述了我国青少年环境科学素质提升工作基础,以开发环保校本课程为主论述了青少年环境科学素质提升路径。     

The Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study: Design and baseline characteristics

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of dementia. The prospective longitudinal Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study aims at identifying T2D-related characteristics associated with cognitive decline.MethodsSubjects are population-based T2D 65+, initially cognitively intact. Medical conditions, blood examinations, and medication use data are since 1998; cognitive, functional, demographic, psychiatric, DNA, and inflammatory marker study assessments were conducted every 18 months. Because the duration of T2D reflects its chronicity and implications, we compared short (0–4.99 years), moderate (5–9.99), and long (10+) duration for the first 897 subjects.ResultsThe long duration group used more T2D medications, had higher glucose, lower glomerular filtration rate, slower walking speed, and poorer cognitive functioning. Duration was not associated with most medical, blood, urine, and vital characteristics.ConclusionsTracking cognition, with face-to-face evaluations, exploiting 15 years of historical detailed computerized, easily accessible, and validated T2D-related characteristics may provide novel insights into T2D-related dementia.