Disability awareness training for disability professionals

Purpose : This article describes work at the Virginia School of the Deaf and Blind in Hampton, Virginia, USA. Disability sensitivity training in businesses and government organizations has become a more important activity in the United States since the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) of 1992 was published. That act of the US Congress required organizations to hire and make reasonable accommodations for the disabled. Issue : Lack of sensitivity or awareness of the plight of the disabled in business and government continues to be a distinct problem requiring attitude changes and training, but this problem can become acute even for professionals in organizations dedicated to the care and education of the disabled. Conclusion : Professionals tend to become inured to the hardships of others and lose sight of the need for both verbal and non-verbal sensitivity in the workplace. and training of professionals is vitally important and necessary, but in the real world of working with people who have disabilities more practical action type training is needed. It is far too easy for practitioners to lose sensitivity in both verbal and non-verbal communication     

Non-traumatic lower limb older amputees: a database survey from a geriatric centre

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to examine the characteristic of a geriatric population admitted for amputation of a lower limb and to explore some of the factors that may affect the course of their hospital stay. Method: The study took place in the geriatric division of a tertiary general hospital and included a close geriatric-orthopaedic liaison. Two-hundred and forty-one patients were included in the final analysis. Results: Many above knee amputations were performed, which correlated with advanced age. Rates of in hospital mortality and systemic complications were 16% and 19%, respectively. Thirty-three percent of the patients were discharged back home, and only 6% were supplied with an artificial limb. The general condition of most patients remained poor. Conclusion: We conclude that despite a team approach to the care of the geriatric amputee a poor functional result was obtained. By encouraging earlier referrals from the community it is postulated that a reduction in the costly provision of antibiotics would be beneficial and that perhaps lower levels of amputation could be performed thereby enhancing the possibilities for ambulation.     

Qualities of a French version of the Wolf Motor Function Test: A multicenter study

IntroductionThere are currently a small number of standardized tools in French that measure and compare the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy, or other recent therapies promoting motor recoveryObjectiveTo create a French version of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and assess its reliability, minimal detectable change, and criterion validity.MethodProspective multicenter repeated-measure design with 44 patients with post stroke hemiparesis. A French Version of the WMFT was created; it was then assessed against the Fugl Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (French version) to establish its reliability, the minimal detectable change and its validity.ResultsInter-rater reliability was very good. Reproducibility of the scores was good. Cronbach α coefficients showed adequate internal consistency. The minimal detectable change (MDC_95%) for functional ability scores was below 10% of the highest possible score; the MDC_95% for performance time was very high at more than 90 seconds. Criterion validity was good.ConclusionThe French version of the WMFT is reliable and valid. The test shows promise for use as an objective outcome measure for people post stroke in French speaking countries.     

减重步行训练对卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者的康复疗效

目的：研究卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者进行减重步行康复训练的临床效果。方法选取该院2010年8月—2014年8月期间收治的100例卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者,将所有患者按随机抽样法分为两组各50例。其中50例患者使用常规康复治疗作为对照组,另50例患者在常规康复治疗的基础上进行减重步行训练作为观察组。结果康复训练前观察两组患者FAC、FMA、ADL评分以及辅助步行、独立步行人数所占比例均无差异,P>0.05;而康复训练后观察组辅助步行、独立步行人数所占比例明显高于对照组,P<0.05;且观察组FAC、FMA以及ADL评分均高于对照组,P<0.05。结论卒中后遗症期偏瘫患者进行减重步行训练效果显著,极大的促进了患者运动功能及步行能力的恢复,值得临床应用及推广。     

沙井街道全科医生对脑卒中管理能力的调查研究

目的：考察沙井街道全科医生对脑卒中管理能力水平。方法使用自行设计的调查问卷对沙井街道共200名全科医生进行调查,分析全科医生对脑血管预防、处理的能力,并对防治能力进行分析。结果共回收有效答卷158份,回收率79.0％。其中知晓脑血管病发指南者87人（55.1％）。对脑卒中危险征兆识别处理和脑卒中二级预防知识问卷的回答正确率仅为37.1％和47.7％。不同学历和是否接受过专业培训的全科医生间脑卒中防治管理能力分数差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论沙井街道社区全科医生对脑卒中知识整体存在欠缺。参与过培训以及高学历医生脑卒中防治管理能力较强。应当加强医生专业素质并进行专业培训以增强脑卒中防治能力。     

强化躯干核心肌群对脑卒中患者躯干控制平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果

目的探讨躯干核心肌群训练的强度对脑卒中患者躯干控制、平衡步行及日常生活能力的康复效果。方法选择2017年4月至2018年3月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院康复医学科住院治疗的90例脑卒中偏瘫患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A、B、C组,每组各30例,3组患者均在常规治疗基础上联合不同强度的躯干核心肌群训练,其中A组每天训练1次,B组每天训练2次,C组每天训练3次,每次训练30 min,每周5天,共训练3个月。3组患者治疗1个月、2个月和3个月时采用躯干控制能力测试(TCT)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评价躯干控制能力,采用步行功能评级(FAC)评定平衡步行功能、采用日常生活能力(MBI)评定日常生活能力。比较3组患者上述评分差异。结果治疗前3组患者躯干控制能力、平衡步行功能和生活能力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),3组患者治疗1个月、2个月、3个月后躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力评分均逐渐提高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05);且在1～3个月期间躯干控制和平衡能力评分C组高于B组,B组高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05),但3个月时差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。3组患者步行和日常生活能力在1个月期间组间差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05),但1个月后C组较B组,B组较A组均有统计学意义(P均<0. 05)。结论强化躯干核心肌力量可以显著提高患者躯干控制、平衡步行和日常生活能力,缩短康复时间。     

农村社区全专联合干预缺血性脑卒中高危人群的效果研究

背景　脑卒中高危人群的有效干预对降低脑卒中的发病具有重要意义。本课题组尝试在农村社区开展全专联合干预脑卒中高危人群的服务模式,以提高社区全科医生的诊疗水平和农村居民的生活质量。目的　探究农村社区全专联合干预缺血性脑卒中高危人群的效果。方法　2015年3-4月于上海市嘉定区马陆镇立新村和彭赵村随机抽取符合纳入标准的459例缺血性脑卒中高危者为研究对象,其中立新村237例,彭赵村222例。将立新村人群作为干预组,彭赵村作为对照组。两组患者均于2015年6月-2016年6月进行干预。干预组由全科医生和专科医生共同根据每例脑卒中高危患者的具体情况,进行有针对性地干预、跟踪、随访。对照组由全科医生依据诊疗规范进行管理。2016年7月进行随访,内容包括体检和复查,并比较两组干预前后总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、颈动脉彩超检查的变化情况,对2次颈动脉彩超检查均存在动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者进行颈动脉粥样硬化斑块情况的比较。结果　干预组患者干预后TC、LDL-C、SBP、DBP均低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者颈动脉彩超检查情况比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预组共58例患者2次颈动脉彩超检查均存在动脉粥样硬化斑块,对照组72例。两组2次颈动脉彩超检查均存在动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者动脉粥样硬化斑块情况的比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。干预组和对照组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块转为稳定的比例（分别为36.2%、20.8%）比较,差异无统计学意义（χ2=3.792,P=0.052）;干预组患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块转为不稳定的比例（6.9%）低于对照组（13.9%）（χ2=4.565,P=0.033）。结论　基于农村社区卫生服务中心的全科医生和专科医生的联合监督管理,能有效控制甚至逆转缺血性脑卒中高危人群的高危因素,降低脑卒中发病率,值得在基层推广。     

综合康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法对偏瘫早期患者运动功能和日常生活能力的影响

目的:探讨应用综合康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法对偏瘫早期患者运动功能和日常生活能力的影响。方法:选取50例2017年5月-2018年8月在本院治疗的偏瘫患者,随机分成两组,每组25例。对照组给予常规内科治疗和醒脑开窍针法治疗,治疗组除以上治疗外,还需给与综合康复训练,治疗2周后,比较两组患者实验数据。结果:经不同治疗方法治疗后,治疗组疗效优于治疗前,同时也优于对照组。比较具有统计学意义。结论:应用综合运动康复训练结合醒脑开窍针法治疗急性脑卒中偏瘫,可提高患者运动功能和日常生活能力,值得推广应用。     

脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者行为激活疗法干预方案的设计与验证：预试验

背景　目前我国对脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者的关注较少,且行为激活疗法应用于脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者的效果尚不明确。目的　探讨行为激活疗法对脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者抑郁症状及行为特征的干预效果,并进一步对比分析患者脑卒中后抑郁的发生情况。方法　选取2017年10月—2018年3月大庆市人民医院神经内科或康复科诊治的病程≤3个月脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者30例,采用随机数字表法分为干预组（n=15）和对照组（n=15）。对照组实施常规心理健康教育,干预组在对照组基础上实施行为激活疗法干预,1次/周、30~60 min/次,为期6周。干预前、干预后及干预结束后3个月采用流调用抑郁量表（CES-D）、行为抑制/行为激活系统量表（BIS/BAS）、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）评价两组的干预效果。结果　干预方法与时间在CES-D、BAS评分上存在交互作用（P<0.05）;干预方法主效应显著（P<0.05）;时间主效应显著（P<0.05）。其中干预后、干预结束后3个月,干预组CES-D评分低于对照组,BAS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）;干预组干预后、干预结束后3个月CES-D评分较干预前降低,BAS评分较干预前升高（P<0.05）。干预后,两组患者阈下抑郁转归比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预结束后3个月,两组患者阈下抑郁转归比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　行为激活疗法可改善病程≤3个月脑卒中后阈下抑郁患者抑郁症状,提高其行为激活水平,降低脑卒中后6个月时脑卒中后抑郁发病率。     

Efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi decoction for acute ischemic stroke with constipation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Objective

To investigate the efficacy and safety of Xinglouchengqi (XLCQ) decoction in treatment of acute ischemic stroke with constipation.