巨刺疗法联合运动想象对卒中患者肢体功能恢复影响

目的：观察巨刺疗法联合运动想象对卒中患者肢体功能恢复的影响。方法将80例卒中后单侧肢体功能障碍患者随机分为2组。治疗组40例,予巨刺疗法联合运动想象治疗;对照组40例,单纯予巨刺疗法治疗。2组均以4周为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程后,采用 Fugl －Meyer 运动功能评分（FMA）评定患者运动功能,改良 Barthel 指数（MBI）评定患者日常生活活动能力,改良爱丁堡斯堪的那维亚评分（MESSS）进行神经功能缺损程度评定,并采用 MESSS 评分进行疗效比较。结果治疗组总有效率95．0％,对照组总有效率82．5％,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;2组治疗后 FMA、MBI 及 MESSS 评分与本组治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,FMA、MBI 评分升高,MESSS 评分降低,且治疗组改善均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）。结论巨刺疗法联合运动想象可以明显促进卒中后肢体功能障碍患者肢体功能恢复,疗效确切,二者联合相辅相成具有协同作用。     

头项针治疗中风共济失调疗效评定及对血管内皮生长因子的影响

目的观察头项针治疗中风共济失调的临床疗效及对血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法将中风共济失调患者42例随机分为2组,治疗过程中各脱落1例。治疗组20例以头项针为手段治疗,每日1次;对照组20例用传统针刺治疗,每日1次。2组均连续针刺5日,休息2日,10次为1个疗程,2个疗程后统计疗效。并采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法(ELISA)定量测定治疗前(发病72 h内),发病第7日、第14日血清VEGF的含量的变化。结果治疗组愈显率85%,总有效率100%,对照组愈显率30%,总有效率75%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗组在第7日和第14日的VEGF表达均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论头项针治疗中风共济失调疗效确切,其作用可能与VEGF的表达有关。     

Effects of dry needling plus exercise therapy on post-stroke spasticity and motor function: A case report

Background and purposeThe use of dry needling (DN) with other treatments may be more beneficial in managing post-stroke spasticity. We report the effects of DN plus exercise therapy (ET) on wrist flexor spasticity.Patient presentationThe patient was a 45-year-old man with an 8-year history of stroke. The outcome measures included the Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), H_max/M_max ratio, H-reflex latency, Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and range of motion (ROM) which were assessed before (T1), after (T2), and after 3-week follow-up (T3).ConclusionThe MMAS was improved at T2 from “3” to “2”. The H_max/M_max decreased from 0.77 to 0.53 at T3. The H-reflex latency increased from 15.4 ms to 18.5 ms at T3. The wrist active and passive ROM increased ∼30° and ∼20° at T2, respectively.A 4-session DN plus ET may improve spasticity and ROM. No meaningful improvement was observed in function.     

Fetal stroke and cerebrovascular disease: Advances in understanding from lenticulostriate and venous imaging,alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic twins

Fetal stroke is an important cause of cerebral palsy but is difficult to diagnose unless imaging is undertaken in pregnancies at risk because of known maternal or fetal disorders. Fetal ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging may show haemorrhage or ischaemic lesions including multicystic encephalomalacia and focal porencephaly. Serial imaging has shown the development of malformations including schizencephaly and polymicrogyra after ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Recognised causes of haemorrhagic fetal stroke include alloimmune and autoimmune thrombocytopaenia, maternal and fetal clotting disorders and trauma but these are relatively rare. It is likely that a significant proportion of periventricular and intraventricular haemorrhages are of venous origin. Recent evidence highlights the importance of arterial endothelial dysfunction, rather than thrombocytopaenia, in the intraparenchymal haemorrhage of alloimmune thrombocytopaenia. In the context of placental anastomoses, monochorionic diamniotic twins are at risk of twin twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), or partial forms including Twin Oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios Sequence (TOPS), differences in estimated weight (selective Intrauterine growth Retardation; sIUGR), or in fetal haemoglobin (Twin Anaemia Polycythaemia Sequence; TAPS). There is a very wide range of ischaemic and haemorrhagic injury in a focal as well as a global distribution. Acute twin twin transfusion may account for intraventricular haemorrhage in recipients and periventricular leukomalacia in donors but there are additional risk factors for focal embolism and cerebrovascular disease. The recipient has circulatory overload, with effects on systemic and pulmonary circulations which probably lead to systemic and pulmonary hypertension and even right ventricular outflow tract obstruction as well as the polycythaemia which is a risk factor for thrombosis and vasculopathy. The donor is hypovolaemic and has a reticulocytosis in response to the anaemia while maternal hypertension and diabetes may influence stroke risk. Understanding of the mechanisms, including the role of vasculopathy, in well studied conditions such as alloimmune thrombocytopaenia and monochorionic diamniotic twinning may lead to reduction of the burden of antenatally sustained cerebral palsy.     

针刺对脑卒中后认知功能障碍相关机制研究进展

脑卒中后认知功能障碍的干预方法多样,主要有认知功能训练、药物治疗、针刺干预等。大量临床实践已证实针刺对卒中后认知功能障碍的恢复具有一定的疗效。本研究搜集近几年关于针刺对脑血流、对神经细胞内部结构以及相关分子生物学等的影响,并从以上几方面将针刺治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍部分作用机制做简单阐述;提出目前针刺治疗本病的问题及展望。     

Brunnstrom运动分期综合治疗脑梗死初探

目的:评估针刺结合推拿和康复治疗脑梗死神经功能、日常生活活动能力。方法:43例均采用西医对症治疗,同时进行针刺、推拿和康复治疗。结果:针刺治疗前、第20、40次针刺治疗后斯堪的纳雏亚卒中量表评分依次升高(P<0．01), Brarthel指数也依次升高(P<0．01)。结论:针刺结合推拿和康复治疗可明显改善脑梗死患者神经功能和日常生活活动能力。     

Aligned acupuncture at muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for upper limb spasticity after stroke: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle for post-stroke upper limb spasticity. Methods： By adopting a design of multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial, 488 patients with post-stroke upper limb spasticity were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 244 in each group. In addition to rehabilitation training, the treatment group received aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy and the control group received conventional Western medicine. After successive 3-week treatments, the clinical efficacy, spasticity degree of the upper limb, joint function, and neurological defect degree were evaluated in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.4% in the treatment group versus 61.5% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. The upper-limb spasticity degree, joint function, and neurological defect degree were improved significantly in both groups after intervention （P〈0.05）, and the improvements in the treatment group were more significant than those in the control group （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Aligned acupuncture at the muscle regions plus cutaneous needle therapy is effective in treating post-stroke upper limb spasticity.     

探讨食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的应用价值

目的：分析111例行食道超声和头颅CT检查的房颤患者,了解左房血栓与脑卒中的关系以及食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的应用价值。方法：通过对2006年3月～2008年8月在新疆自治区人民医院心内科住院的房颤患者,行食道超声和头颅CT检查并对住院病例进行回顾性分析,了解左房血栓的发生率,以及左房血栓与脑卒中发生的关系。结果：111例房颤患者均经食道超声检查,发现左房血栓15例,占13.5%。左房血栓组与左房无血栓组在脑卒中发生率方面有统计学意义（X2=10.695P〈0.001）。结论：左房血栓与脑卒中的发生密切相关,食道超声在防治房颤患者脑卒中的方面有重要的应用价值,建议为预防房颤患者脑卒中的发生,对房颤患者行食道超声检查。     

自我放松训练对心功能的影响

自我放松训练是建立在催眠暗示基础上的一种心理疗法。我们用XG—Ⅱ型血液循环功能测试仪对22例自我放松训练者放松前后测试,结果表明在放松训练中,心脏每搏输出量明显增加,而心脏指数无明显改变,提示它可以改善心功能。     

室内外空气污染与中风死亡分布的描述性研究

本文运用描述流行病学方法初步探讨了上海市不同空气污染条件下8个社区的中风死亡率(1978～1987)的时空分布及其与室内外空气污染的关系.结果表明中风死亡率与大气污染水平无明显关系,但发现在相同大气污染条件下,燃煤社区的中风死亡率明显高于燃气社区,提示燃煤型室内空气污染可能是中风的重要诱发因素之一.