肝门胆管狭窄的病因分析与影像学诊断的临床评价

目的:总结分析肝门胆管狭窄的病因并探讨各影像学诊断方法在肝门胆管狭窄疾病中的诊断符合率.方法:回顾分析我院及山西医科大学第二医院于1982-200482例资料完整的肝门胆管狭窄患者的主要病因以及超声(US)、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)、逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)、经皮肝穿胆道造影(PTC)等影像诊断结果,分析各项影像技术在肝门胆管狭窄诊断中的适应症和诊断符合率.结果:恶性病变占肝门胆管狭窄病的87.80%,其中大部分由肝门胆管癌引起,占总例数的76.83%,其次胆囊癌占7.32%,结肠癌肝门转移1.22%,肝细胞癌并发癌栓2.44%等.良性病变占12.2%,主要为损伤性胆管、胆管囊肿、硬化性胆管炎以及胆管结石等.US,ERCP,PTC,MRCP对肝门胆管狭窄的诊断准确率分别为84.15%,92.86%,100%,100%.结论:恶性病变是肝门部胆管狭窄病的主要原因,良性病变相对比例较小.在肝门胆管狭窄的诊断中,影像学诊断技术扮演着关键辅助作用的角色,能协助临床迅速获得准确结论.     

Oddi括约肌狭窄的诊断与治疗

本文通过对３７５例胆囊、胆总管结石患者术后有残留症状者，经Ｂ超、ＥＲＣＰ、Ｔ管造影诊断为Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌狭窄者１６７例，均经十二指肠镜乳头括约肌切开（ＥＳＴ）治愈。同时讨论了Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌狭窄的原因、临床表现及诊断治疗中注意事项。     

Role of endoscopy in caustic injury of the esophagus

Caustic injury of the esophagus is a problematic condition challenging endoscopists worldwide. Althoughthe caustic agents and motives are different among countries and age groups, endoscopy still plays an invaluable role in diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy can determine the severity of caustic ingestion which is of great importance in choosing appropriate treatment. However, some aspects of endoscopy in diagnosis of caustic injury remain controversial. Whether or not all patients need endoscopy, when to perform endoscopy and how to assess the severity are just some examples of these controversies. Due to lack of randomized controlled trials, many findings and suggestions are inconclusive. Computerized tomography scan of the chest and abdomen gains popularity in assessing the severity of caustic injury and avoiding unnecessary surgery. If esophageal stricture eventually develops, endoscopic dilatation is a mainstay. Maneuvers such as steroid injection and esophageal stent may be used in a refractory stricture. Nevertheless, some patients have to undergo surgery in spite of vigorous attempts with esophageal dilatation. To date, caustic injury remains a difficult situation. This article reviews all aspects of caustic injury of the esophagus focusing on endoscopic role. Pre-endoscopic management, endoscopy and its technique in acute and late phase of caustic injury including the endoscopic management of refractory stricture, and the treatment outcomes following each endoscopic intervention are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the role of endoscopy in the long term follow-up of patients with esophageal caustic injury is addressed.     

Functional results after perineal complications of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis

PURPOSE: This study investigated the functional significance of perineal complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. METHODS: Review of a prospective registry of 628 patients was undertaken. Bowel function was assessed by detailed functional questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-squared and Fisher's exact probability tests. RESULTS: Of 628 patients, 153 (24.4 percent) had 171 perineal complications. The 277 control patients had no complications. Complications included 66 (10.5 percent) anastomotic strictures, 28 (4.5 percent) anastomotic separations, 36 (5.7 percent) pouch fistulas, 41 (6.5 percent) episodes of pelvic sepsis, and 18 (2.9 percent) patients with multiple complications. After these complications were addressed, the pouch failure rate was low (10 percent); in 90 percent of patients, the pouch could be salvaged. Most pouch failures were the result of pouch fistulas, and most occurred in patients ultimately diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Functional results after cure of these perineal complications revealed no significant functional differences between control patients and those cured of anastomotic separations, anastomotic strictures, and pouch fistulas. Only a few minor differences were demonstrated in function after an episode of pelvic sepsis. The major deterioration in function occurred after treatment for multiple perineal complications. CONCLUSIONS: An appreciable number of perineal complications occur after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Pouch-perineal fistulas are associated with the highest pouch failure rate. The majority of these fistulas occur in patients ultimately diagnosed with Crohn's disease or indeterminate colitis. Although there is no substitute for good technique and sound clinical judgment in the success of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, if perineal complications are successfully treated, functional outcome is equivalent to that in patients without perineal complications.Read in part at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 22 to 26, 1997.     

Oesophageal strictures: new indication for intra-aortic balloon pumps?

Oesophageal strictures regardless of aetiology are a difficult and challenging problem facing the oesophageal surgeon. Various methods and techniques have been described and are routinely used in clinical practice with varying rates of efficacy and complications. We describe here a novel graded atraumatic technique for the management of oesophageal strictures using intra-aortic balloon pumps.     

胆管-空肠侧侧吻合术的临床试验研究

目的：比较胆肠Roux-en-y侧侧吻合术与端端吻合术两种术式，指导临床医师选择合理的术式。方法：将符合条件的病人随机分成两组。每组70人，用单盲法对两组病人分别流行端端和侧侧吻合术，测量胆道空肠压力差及pH值，并行t检验，同时对术后吻合口漏和狭窄的发生率进行X^2检验。结果：侧侧吻合较端端吻合压力差大（＞5mmHg),pH值变化及两组漏的发生率无统计学意义。吻合口狭窄1，3，5年的发生率组间差异显，P＜0．05，且呈逐年增加的趋势。结论：胆肠侧侧吻合术的长期效果优于端端吻合术，值得临床推广应用。     

内镜下放置食管支撑架治疗食管贲门癌灶狭窄

食管、贲门癌性狭窄患者多因食管梗阻，不能进食，甚至渐进性营养不良，全身衰竭死亡。早期病例以手术为首选，晚期患者或术后狭窄再现患者，可试用非手术疗法。我们在内镜下局部注射化疗药物、微波烧灼或激光治疗基础上，于１９９３年３￣１０月对７例晚期不能手术患者在用Ｓａｖａｒｙ扩张器将狭窄部分扩张后，以推进器将硅胶支撑架送入狭窄部位，使食管狭窄解除，患者进食良好，营养改善，延长了生命，配合中西医结合和全身化疗，     

食管支架治疗食管良恶性狭窄的临床应用

对16例食管良恶性狭窄患者采用食管支架置入进行治疗。其中食管-胃吻合口狭窄9例，食管癌7例，全部支架置入术均经口腔在X线监视下进行。支架置入后24小时随访观察，食管留置均获成功，未出现技术问题。支架置入后临床症状均得到缓解，所有病人摄食能力均有不同程度的改善。作者认为：食管支架对食管良恶性狭窄的治疗是一种方便、安全、有效的治疗方法，并可提高患者的生活质量。