Olfactory bulbectomy depresses ultrasound production and scent marking by female hamsters

Female hamsters were observed for rates of ultrasound production, vaginal marking and flank marking before and after bilateral olfactory bulbectomy, unilateral bulbectomy or sham operations. Unilaterally bulbectomized and sham-operated subjects maintained preoperative levels of each behavior. In contrast, females with bilateral olfactory bulbectomies showed consistent decreases in rates of vocalization and scent marking. These results emphasize the dependence on an intact olfactory system of several courtship or agonistic behaviors that affect hamster reproduction by functioning as noncontact communications. Together with the results of previous studies suggesting that lordosis by female hamsters is unaffected by olfactory bulbectomy, these data also suggest differences in the brain and sensory mechanisms that control distinct types of reproductive behavior.     

牵张预适应对牵张体外大鼠左心室致心律失常的影响

目的:研究牵张预适应对牵张体外大鼠左心室致心律失常的影响。方法:采用膨胀球囊牵张Langendorff方法灌流的体外大鼠心脏模型,观察牵张之前和过程中的心电图、左室压力的变化。结果:机械扩大左心室引起室性心律失常及短暂的时间依赖性的机械———电适应期,适应期内进行第2次牵张,由此引起的心律失常减少或消失。牵张预适应依赖于两次牵张的间期。第2次牵张引起的室性心律失常随球囊膨胀体积的增加而增多。0.6g/L链霉素(一种非特异牵张激活离子通道阻滞剂)可以部分抑制膨胀致心律失常。结论:牵张预适应具有时间依赖性的抗牵张致心律失常的作用,可能为临床上心律失常治疗提供新的思路。     

山羊血的理化分析

目的：将人体生化免疫的检测技术应用到传统中药材山羊血测定中。方法：样品经研细后，每份样品各取100mg分别用生理盐水1ml溶解后，各取30μ1测定，并按试剂盒操作方法操作。结果：各组分间有一定差异，酶基本失去活性，其中一份样品乙肝两对半阳性。结论：利用人体生化免疫技术测定部分动物中药是可行的。     

Concurrent changes in shortening reaction latency and reaction time of forearm muscles in post-stroke patients

Abstract The objective was to confirm the hypothesis that shortening reaction (ShoRe), normally occurring on forcibly shortening a muscle, is depressed or delayed in post-stroke patients. Eight post-stroke patients and ten age-matched normal subjects had a 50° wrist extension or flexion induced by a torque-motor in the affected and the non-affected upper limb. Patients were instructed either not to intervene or to assist displacement (reaction-time condition, RT). Frequency of occurrence and latency of stretch reflex (SR) and ShoRe, and RTs were measured from the electromyograms (EMG) of wrist flexor (FCR) and extensor (ECR) muscles. SR had higher than normal frequency in both muscles. ShoRe disappeared in ECR on the affected side but had normal frequency in FCR of both sides. ShoRe latency was prolonged in FCR and ECR, in both affected and unaffected sides. RTs were prolonged in both FCR and ECR, in both affected and unaffected sides. Across all patients, RTs and ShoRe latencies in the FCR were correlated. Neither RTs nor ShoRe latencies were correlated to Ashworth score. RTs were inversely correlated to Medical Research Council scores. The decreased and delayed ShoRe in post-stroke patients supports a role for the cortico-spinal pathway in its production or modulation. Monitoring of ShoRe can give insight into the recovery of the descending control of spinal reflexes.     

Assessment of Strain Field in Endothelial Cells Subjected to Uniaxial Deformation of Their Substrate

A stretch chamber has been developed in order to visualize the deformation of cells subjected to controlled uniaxial stretch of their substrate. A rectangular, custom-made, transparent silicone channel is used as a deformable substrate. Bovine aortic endothelial cells are plated at the bottom of the channel whose lateral deformation is controlled by two piezoelectric translators. The system is mounted on the stage of a confocal microscope where three-dimensional (3D) images of the cells can be acquired simultaneously in the three RGB channels. The first channel provides images of 216 nm fluorescent beads embedded in the cytoskeleton (used as internal markers). The second is used to image the shape of the nucleus revealed by live cell nucleic acid staining. The third one provides a transmitted light image of the cell outline. 3D images of the cell are taken before deformation, after uniaxial deformation of the substrate (up to 25%) and after relaxation. Results indicate that: (a) the cell closely follows the deformation imposed by the substrate with no measurable residual strain after relaxation, and (b) there is a clear mechanical coupling between the extracellular matrix and the nucleus, which deforms significantly under the applied substrate stretch. Suggesting that the nucleus can directly sense the mechanical environment of the cell, the latter result has potentially important implications for signal transduction.     

Stretch activation of skeletal muscle fibre types

In a number of studies it has been attempted to build up a correlation between maximal unloaded shortening velocity and the different fibre types of skeletal muscles; but not always a correlation was observed. In the present study on histochemically defined fibre types of rat, fish, crayfish and locust skeletal muscles, it has been found that the kinetics of stretch-induced delayed force increase (stretch activation) shows a much greater variance and a stronger correlation with fibre type than does unloaded shortening velocity. Thus, the stretch activation experiment allows a reliable identification of muscle fibre types. In addition, information can be deduced about crossbridge cycling steps in muscle fibre types and their determination by myofibrillar proteins.     

氟芬合剂防治胆系手术牵拉反应的临床观察

目的观察氯芬合剂防治胆系手术牵拉反应的效果。方法观察100例ASAI～Ⅱ级均无心肺疾病的胆系手术患者的牵拉反应。将100例患者随机分为三组，即对照组（A组），胆囊颈部1％普鲁卡因封闭组（B组），硬膜外腔注射氟芬合剂（氟哌啶2．5mg＋芬太尼0．05mg）＋阿托品0．5mg组（C组）。结果对照组和B组在五种不同状态（麻醉前、麻醉后10min、入腹、探查及剥离胆囊、术毕）下的HR、SP、DP相对比，有显著差异（P〈0．05），对照组牵拉反应明显，B组在胆囊颈部封闭之前牵拉反应也明显；C组在五种不同状态下的HR、SP、DP相对比，无明显差异（P〉0．05），几乎无牵拉反应表现。结论硬膜外腔注射氟芬合剂＋阿托品0．5mg在胆系手术中能有效的防治牵拉反应，避免胆心反射发生。     

SELDI-TOF-MS蛋白质芯片技术建立胃癌血清特异性标志物诊断分类树研究

目的:观察胃癌手术前后血清蛋白质谱的变化,筛选能够快速诊断胃癌的特异性标志物。方法:采用IMAC#3蛋白质芯片和表面增强激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)蛋白质芯片技术,对46例胃癌患者和40例正常人的血清蛋白质谱进行分析。结果:胃癌术前血清与正常人血清蛋白质谱有14个蛋白质表达量有明显差异。以热休克蛋白27、葡萄糖调节蛋白、抑制素、蛋白质二硫化物异构酶A 3这4个蛋白质所组成的模板,可将胃癌与正常人正确分组,利用该模板建立胃癌诊断的分类树模型用于诊断胃癌的灵敏度95.7%,特异性92.5%,术后血清蛋白质谱中,原表达上调的蛋白质明显下调。结论:SELDI-TOF-MS蛋白质芯片技术为建立蛋白质模板用以诊断胃癌提供了可靠的技术平台。     

FACILITATION OF THE KNEE JERK AS A FUNCTION OF THE INTERVAL BETWEEN AUDITORY AND STRETCHING STIMULI

An experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal relationship between auditory and tendon stimulation in the knee jerk stretch reflex of normal human Ss. At each of 20 different ISIs 5 knee jerks were elicited. Results from the 4 Ss showed a two peaked relationship between ISI and reflex response, the first peak occurring at 100 msec ISI and the second at 500 msec ISI. It was concluded that the first peak was the result of a summation of the tonal and stretching effect in the cord, and the second was a result of these effects via the gamma system.