Attempts to make models for Alzheimer''s disease

Profound reductions in cortical acetylcholine levels together with degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A similar loss of the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain and impairment of learning and memory occur in animals injected with a nerve growth factor-diphtheria toxin conjugate, suggesting that this animal model is suitable to analyze cholinergic roles on learning and memory processes, and also the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, animal models constructed by electrolytic or neurotoxic lesioning of the basal magnocellular nucleus, and models made by transgenetic technology were described.     

冷束缚应激大鼠室旁核Fos表达的检测

目的：探讨应激对下丘脑室旁核中Fos表达的影响，以期揭示应激性溃疡发病的神经内分泌机制。方法：采用SD大鼠冷束缚应激模型，用免疫组织化学方法检测应激前后大鼠下丘脑室旁核Fos的表达。结果：应激后室旁核Fos阳性细胞数量显著增多（t=26.7,P＜0．001）。结论：室旁核可能参与了应激性溃疡的病理过程。     

多效蛋白在大肠癌恶性化过程中的作用

目的了解多效蛋白在大肠癌中的表达情况 ,以及对大肠癌恶性化的影响。方法采用RT PCR和免疫组化染色 ,对 2 4例大肠癌组织和 19例大肠癌癌旁组织的多效蛋白mRNA表达情况进行分析。结果 2 4例大肠癌组织和 19例癌旁正常组织中表达多效蛋白mRNA的各有 18例。多效蛋白不但表达在肿瘤细胞 ,还表达在其他间质细胞中。大肠癌组织中多效蛋白的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织 (34%vs.9% ,P <0 0 5 )。 (94 % )大肠癌多效蛋白mRNA主要由内源性多效蛋白转录 ,且表达在肿瘤的 4个分期中 ,而人类内源性逆转录病毒 多效蛋白仅融合转录在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期肿瘤上 (31% )。结论多效蛋白尤其是人类内源性逆转录病毒 多效蛋白与大肠癌的恶性化有关。     

表皮生长因子及其受体与流产关系的探讨

采用放射免疫竞争抑制饱和分析法，检测４７例难免流产患者，６５例人工流产及２０例健康非孕妇女血清表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）水平；同时采用免疫组织化学法检测流产者胚胎组织中表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）表达程度。结果：人工流产组血清ＥＧＦ水平高于自然流产及非孕妇女，而自然流产与非孕妇女差异无显著性；胚胎组织中ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达率人工流产组明显高于自然流产组。提示：ＥＧＦ通过与其受体结合对妊娠维持、胚胎及胎儿的     

Chronic parasite infection in mice induces brain granulomas and differentially alters brain nerve growth factor levels and thermal responses in paws

Schistosoma mansoni infection, both in humans and in animal models, is known to induce granulomas in the liver and intestine. It has also been reported that in humans the eggs of this parasite can reach the brain, causing psychiatric and neuropathological disorders. Whether this also occurs in rodents is unknown. To answer this question, mice were infected with this parasite and the central nervous system (CNS) examined at various time intervals. The results show that schistosomiasis induced granulomas in several regions of the CNS and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in the cortex, hypothalamus and brain stem, but not in the hippocampus. The infection also caused paw hyperalgesia, as determined by the hot-plate test, and a local increase in NGF, but not in substance P. These findings indicate that the murine model of infection can be used for studying mechanisms leading to human neuroschistosomiasis and suggest that the neuropathological disorders and the sensory deficits observed in human schistosomiasis are associated with impaired levels of NGF in the peripheral and central nervous system. Received: 18 January 1996 / Revised, accepted: 16 April 1996     

不良生活方式与高血压病的流行病学调查分析

目的:调查不良生活方式对高血压发病的影响。方法:以国际通用血压测量方法对全区15 384人进行整群随机抽样调查,着重对有、无不良生活方式的两组人群进行高血压患病率调查,及相对危险度(RR)、归因危险度(AR)、人群归因危险度(ARp)、U检验等的检测,以及相关及多元回归分析。结果:食盐量≥12 g/d高血压患病率31.6％,<12 g/d的为 4.4％(P<0.001,RR 7.3,AR 27.3,ARp 57.2％,r=0.8517);BMI>24高血压患病率 23.2％,<24者 6.4％(P<0.001,RR 3.7,AR 16.9,ARp 37.2％,r=0.3215);肥胖患病率 34.7％,无肥胖8.1％(P<0.001,RR 4.3,AR 26.6％,ARp 19.7％,r=0.3529);油腻饮食高血压患病率14.8％,非油腻饮食8.7％(P<0.001,RR1.7,AR 6.1,ARp 13.9％,r=0.3853);吸烟高血压患病率 12.5％,非吸烟 9.2％(P<0.001,RR1.4,AR 3.3,ARp 8.3％,r=0.8403);饮酒患病率 12.7％,非饮酒 9.4％(P<0.001,RR1.35,AR 3.3,ARp6.7％,r=0.4650)。为进一步了解各危险因子与高血压患病率之间的数量关系和对高血压影响作用的大小,对所有对象用年龄(15～80岁)进行了分组,龄差1岁,共66组,多元回归结果为:偏相关系数0.3775～0.0809,建立的统计模型达到极显著水平(P<0.001),复相关系数0.9525。6个回归因子中按对高血压患病率影响(偏相关系数)大小排序:     

CT增强扫描在评价NSCLC血管生成中的临床意义

目的　探讨非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)的表达水平与CT增强程度的关系 ,从影像学角度评价肿瘤血管生成在肺癌诊断、治疗及淋巴结转移中的临床价值。方法　对 30例NSCLC病人进行动态螺旋CT扫描 (SCT) ,测量病灶增强幅度 ,并利用免疫组化技术检测VEGF。对病灶增强值、VEGF阳性表达及淋巴结转移情况进行统计学分析。结果　 30例肺癌病人CT增强值均数为 (36 .2 8± 6 .41 )HU ,VEGF阳性表达 2 1例 ,阴性表达 9例。VEGF在中晚期的阳性表达高于早期病人 (Ρ<0 .0 5) ,淋巴结转移组高于非淋巴结转移组 (Ρ <0 .0 5) ;癌灶增强值与VEGF阳性表达、肿瘤分期及淋巴结转移亦呈正相关。结论　NSCLC的CT增强程度能够反映肿瘤的血管生成 ,并与淋巴结转移密切相关 ,有助于肺癌的诊断、TNM分期 ,而且可以从肿瘤分子生物学行为方面补充目前肺癌分期方法的不足     

五型病毒性肝炎的暴露因素与临床表现的比较

比较急性病毒性肝炎患者感染打危险因素，同时比较五型肝炎的症状和体征。连续收集急性病毒性肝炎患者血清２９３份，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测了五型肝炎病毒的病原学指标，并进行了流赞美同学调查。暴露因素：丙肝的肠道外暴露外明显多于甲肝；甲肝和戊肝有较高的“甲肝”患者接触史；乙肝，丙肝和丁肝有高的“乙肝”接触史，与甲肝，戊肝相比差异显著。     

Renal regulation of salt balance: a primer for non-purists

The greater than 40-fold range of voluntary salt intake in humans requires corresponding adjustments in renal excretion to maintain balance. Although many mechanisms have been implicated in the regulation of salt output by the kidney, surprisingly little consideration has been given to their quantitative significance and possible interaction. This survey summarizes the effects of changes in glomerular filtration rate, proximal peritubular physical factors, and plasma concentrations of aldosterone and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), singly and in combination, on the level of salt excretion. Contrary to expectation, even large increases in filtration or decreases in proximal reabsorption have only minor natriuretic effects, due to constancy of fractional reabsorption in downstream nephron segments. Lack of aldosterone release increases salt excretion as much or more than the upstream mechanisms, whereas ANF-induced inhibition of reabsorption in the medullary collccting duct has the largest effect. It may be concluded, therefore, that the potency of these natriuretic factors increases with distance along the nephron, even though each is operating on a progressively small tubular load. However, none of the mechanisms, in isolation, is sufficient to explain salt balance over the range of voluntary intake. Combination of factors demonstrates synergism rather than simple additivity, resulting in more than enough reserve capacity for salt excretion.     

EPF单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立

本文用纯化的早孕因子免疫ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠，通过鼠－鼠杂交瘤技术，成功地建立了２株分泌ＥＰＦ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。经检测，它们所分泌的抗体亚类均为ＩｇＧ１，毁交瘤染色体数目１００－１０６条，ＥＩＳＡ检测诱生腹水抗体效价为１：１．２８＊１０＾５，连续培养生物学性状稳定。抗ＥＰＦ抗原的单克隆抗体的建立，为深入研究ＥＰＦ的生物学性质、特征提供了有力的工具。