Rb基因和p53基因表达与胃癌预后的关系

目的　探讨Rb基因和p53基因表达与胃癌临床病理学特点及预后的关系。　方法　采用原位杂交和免疫组织化学技术对85例进展期胃癌切除标本中Rb基因和p53基因产物表达和p53基因突变进行检测和分析。　结果　p53基因突变率为30%(6/20);Rb基因和p53基因产物表达为7294%(62/85)和4941%(42/85),其阳性分级与胃癌术后生存期呈显著相关(P<001和P<005),与淋巴结转移呈显著正相关(P<001),后者还与浸润深度呈显著正相关(P<005)。　结论　Rb基因和p53基因表达与淋巴结转移、浸润深度和胃癌术后生存期有关     

PTEN与胃癌

胃癌的发生发展是一个多因素、多基因、多阶段、多途径有序的过程.人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(PTEN)是迄今为止发现的第一个具有双重特异性磷酸酶活性的抑癌基因,调控着细胞周期和多种信号途径,在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用.关于PTEN的进一步研究将为胃癌诊断、治疗及判断预后提供新的思路.     

原发性胃非何杰金淋巴瘤

本文总结了我院1985年～1989年收治的28例原发性胃非何杰金淋巴癌（pgNHL）的临床治疗经验。主要治疗方法包括26例手术切除，2例剖腹探查，3例术后放疗，15例术后化疗，4例术后放疗和化疗。手术切除率92．9％，无1例手术死亡。总5年生存率60．7％，中位生存期79．5个月，Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期患者5年生存率71．4％，Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期28－6％（P＜0．05）。单纯手术患者5年生存率20％，手术＋化疗80％，手术＋放疗和化疗75％（P＜0．01）。作者分析了手术治疗pgNHL的必要性，并强调了联合治疗的意义。     

Toll样受体与癌症研究进展

Toll-like receptor (TLR) is an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) which participates in innate immunity and regulates adaptive immunity. TLR can be expressed in immune cells and malignant tumors recognize conservative molecular structure, mediate response of inflammation, tissue injury and repair, which plays an important role in the process of tumor. Research results about some molecules and signal pathways of TLR demonstrate that it can act anti or pro-tumor dual functions, which has an extensive prospects in prevention and treatment of tumor.     

Paraaortic sentinel lymph node detection in intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer by transvaginal ultrasound-guided myometrial injection of radiotracer (TUMIR)

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with transvaginal ultrasound-guided myometrial injection of radiotracer (TUMIR) to detect lymph node (LN) metastases, in patients with intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer (EC), focusing on its performance to detect paraaortic involvement.MethodsProspective study including women with preoperative intermediate or high-risk EC, according to ESMO-ESGO-ESTRO consensus, who underwent SLN mapping using the TUMIR approach. SLNs were preoperatively localized by planar and single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography images, and intraoperatively by gamma-probe. Immediately after SLN excision, all women underwent systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy by laparoscopy.ResultsThe study included 102 patients. The intraoperative SLN detection rate was 79.4% (81/102). Pelvic and paraaortic drainage was observed in 92.6% (75/81) and 45.7% (37/81) women, respectively, being exclusively paraaortic in 7.4% (6/81). After systematic lymphadenectomy, LN metastases were identified in 19.6% (20/102) patients, with 45.0% (9/20) showing paraaortic involvement, which was exclusive in 15.0% (3/20). The overall sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of SLNs by the TUMIR approach to detect lymphatic involvement were 87.5% and 97.0%, respectively; and 83.3% and 96.9%, for paraaortic metastases. After applying the MSKCC SLN mapping algorithm, the sensitivity and NPV were 93.8% and 98.5%, respectively.ConclusionThe TUMIR method provides valuable information of endometrial drainage in patients at higher risk of paraaortic LN involvement. The TUMIR approach showed a detection rate of paraaortic SLNs greater than 45% and a high sensitivity and NPV for paraaortic metastases in women with intermediate and high-risk EC.     

存活5年以上老年胃癌22例临床分析

本文总结我院1972年以来追随观察生存五年以上老年胃癌22例。早期胃癌占45%(10/22),进展期胃癌占55%(12/22)。腺癌占95%(21/22)。淋巴结转移32%(7/22)。全部经根治性手术。术后接受化疗14人占64%,其中进展期胃癌占86%(12/14)。提示手术及术后化疗对延长生命都起着重要作用。尤其对进展期胃癌伴淋巴结转移者更重要。对腺癌效果较好,胃体癌预后较佳。小剂量多疗程化疗是一种安全、稳妥、可靠的方法,尤其适用于老年患者。     

前列腺根治性切除术治疗前列腺癌骨转移或淋巴结转移患者的生存预后分析

目的 探讨前列腺根治性切除术对前列腺癌骨转移或淋巴结转移患者生存预后的影响.方法 将美国SEER数据库2004年至2013年间收录的淋巴结转移或骨转移的647例前列腺癌患者纳入研究,其中单独骨转移非手术组129例,单独骨转移手术组129例,单独淋巴结转移非手术组131例以及单独淋巴结转移手术组131例,无转移非手术组1...     

Mutational Analysis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Using Targeted Kinome Sequencing

PurposeTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) does not have defined therapeutic targets and is currently treated with chemotherapy only. Kinase dysregulation triggers cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and is a crucial therapeutic target for cancer. In this study, targeted kinome sequencing of TNBC tumors was performed to assess the association between kinome gene alterations and disease outcomes in TNBC.MethodsA kinome gene panel consisting of 612 genes was used for the targeted sequencing of 166 TNBC samples and matched normal tissues. Analyses of the significantly mutated genes were performed. Genomic differences between Asian and non-Asian patients with TNBC were evaluated using two Asian TNBC datasets (from Seoul National University Hospital [SNUH] and Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center [FUSCC]) and three non-Asian TNBC datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA], METABRIC, and Gustave Roussy). The prognostic value of kinome gene mutations was evaluated using tumor mutational burden (TMB) and oncogenic pathway analyses. Mutational profiles from the TCGA were used for validation.ResultsThe significantly mutated genes included TP53 (60% of patients), PIK3CA (21%), BRCA2 (8%), and ATM (8%). Compared with data from non-Asian public databases, the mutation rates of PIK3CA p.H1047R/Q were significantly higher in the SNUH cohort (p = 0.003, 0.048, and 0.032, respectively). This was verified using the FUSCC dataset (p = 0.003, 0.078, and 0.05, respectively). The TMB-high group showed a trend toward longer progression-free survival in our cohort and the TCGA TNBC cohort (p = 0.041 and 0.195, respectively). Kinome gene alterations in the Wnt pathway in patients with TNBC were associated with poor survival in both datasets (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively).ConclusionComprehensive analyses of kinome gene alterations in TNBC revealed genomic alterations that offer therapeutic targets and should help identify high-risk patients more precisely in future studies.     

PET／CT代谢体积对进展期肠型胃癌新辅助化疗疗效的价值

目的探讨基于肿瘤^18F-FDG摄取的MTV在肠型胃癌新辅助化疗（NAC）疗效评价中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析NAC前后均行^18F-FDGPET／CT检查的41例肠型胃癌患者（男28例,女13例）,根据术后病理分级分为有效组和无效组。对化疗前后的原发灶SUVmax减少率、MTV减少率与病理分级的关系进行Spearman分析,利用ROC曲线分析比较MTV减少率、SUVmax减少率预测病理学反应的效能。同时以术后病理为“金标准”,利用x^2检验比较以传统影像学为基础的实体瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST）1．0与PET／CTMTV减少率预测NAC后病理学反应的准确性。结果41例患者中,有效组20例,无效组21例。化疗前后SUVmax减少率、MTV减少率与病理分级的r分别为0．434和0．763（均P〈0．01）,预测病理学反应的AUC分别为0．789和0．943,差异有统计学意义（Z=2．114,P〈0．05）。以MTV减少率49．4％为评价化疗有效的阈值,其预测病理学反应灵敏度为90．0％（18／20）,特异性为90．5％（19／21）,准确性高于RECIST1．0[90．2％（37／41）和80．5％（33／41）;x^2=7．14,P〈0．05]。结论在FDG摄取的胃癌患者中,^18F-FDGPET／CT可用于NAC治疗反应的评价。MTV可作为评价治疗反应有效性的重要指标。     

血清胸苷激酶1检测对恶性肿瘤诊断及疗效评估的意义

目的探讨血清胸苷激酶1（TK1）作为肿瘤细胞增殖标志物对恶性肿瘤诊断及疗效评估的意义。方法应用免疫印迹-增强化学发光法检测恶性肿瘤组（53例）治疗前后、体格检查组（49例）以及健康对照组（18名）的血清TK1水平。治疗前与治疗后比较用配对t检验,治疗前和后分别与健康对照组、体格检查组比较采用两独立样本均数比较t检验。结果恶性肿瘤组治疗前STK1为0．3—11．3（2．4±2．0）pmol／L;恶性肿瘤组治疗后STK1为0．3～5．0（0．9±0．8）pmol／L;体格检查组STK1为0．1～2．1（0．8±0．3）pmol／L;健康对照组STK1为0．5～1．2（0．7±0．2）pmol／L。恶性肿瘤组治疗前与治疗后之间STK1水平差异有统计学意义（t=5．257,P〈0．0001）。恶性肿瘤组治疗前与健康对照组和体格检查组STK1水平比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=3．568和5．460,P=0．001和〈0．0001）,而恶性肿瘤组治疗后与健康对照组和体格检查组STK1水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=1．056和0．715,P均〉0．05）。结论血清TK1检测细胞增殖有较高的特异性和灵敏度,对临床监测恶性肿瘤疗效和在体格检查中进行恶性肿瘤风险筛查具有重要意义。