Simple “planilabe” for rapid establishment of the stereotaxic horizontal zero plane in rabbits

A device for rapid determination of the stereotaxic horizontal zero plane in the rabbit is described. The instrument is designed to provide reference points needed to establish the appropriate relative position of the commonly used calvarial landmarks, bregma and lambda, in a single operation.     

A stereotaxic method based on ventricular radiography in the cat (with special reference to the stereotaxic topography of the substantia Nigra)

Summary A method based on an intracerebral coordinate system and contrast ventriculography was developed for Stereotaxic surgery in the cat. The intercommissural (CA-CP) line was used as the principal reference because its length showed little variability in animals within a wide weight range. The Stereotaxic coordinates of the substantia nigra (SN) in relation to the CA-CP line and the midline were evaluated in serial sections. Stereotaxic operations with the use of ventricular radiography were performed in different parts of the SN in 18 cats. Histological verification showed that the selected target regions within the SN were very accurately reached in all animals operated with this method. The precision of the Stereotaxic method based on the intracerebral coordinate system compared to the Horsley-Clarke method is discussed.Offprint requests to: Dr. I.A. Ilinsky (address see above)     

一个独特接触脑脊液神经核的发现及其科学意义

接触脑脊液神经核,简称触液核,是作者团队在世界上首先发现和命名的一个独特神经核。与目前已知的神经核显著不同的是：触液核的胞体位于脑实质,突起伸在脑脊液中,专司脑-脑脊液的信息传递。本研究历时30余年,参与者超过100人,取得了一系列成果,2010年曾获江苏省科学技术一等奖。文章提供了90~400 g大鼠触液核中心点坐标...     

简易颅脑体表投射定位装置的探索

目的探讨简单、实用且有效的颅脑体表投射定位装置的制作。方法对烟雾病患者和大脑凸面浅表肿瘤患者试行体表定位装置,步骤如下：为患者佩戴体表定位标志;进行放射影像检查并获取放射影像资料（包括X线平片、CT、MRI、脑血管造影等）;图像处理软件标记病变部位或兴趣区;对标记后影像进行微型投影仪注册并将病变部位或兴趣区精确投射到对应体表;确定体表靶区,设计手术入路并进行临床精准性验证。结果体表投射定位装置对烟雾病患者颞浅动脉及其分支定位准确,误差〈3 mm,同时标示了脑膜中动脉及其分支,防止了术中损伤;对大脑凸面浅表肿瘤能够准确定位,并可根据定位精确设计手术入路,使肿瘤边缘距离骨缘误差〈1 cm。结论烟雾病患者临床应用体表投射定位装置能够准确定位颞浅动脉、脑膜中动脉,从而避免了在开颅过程中的损伤;对颅内浅表肿瘤,特别是微小病变,可精确划定手术靶区、合理设计手术入路、最大限度减少损伤。该装置组件简单,可操作性强,经济实用。     

超声在宫颈癌近距离治疗模拟定位中的应用——或将替代MRI/CT定位的新方式

三维近距离治疗(3D-BT)在宫颈癌根治性治疗中的作用已获得广泛认可。其中,通过模拟定位获得影像信息是3D-BT的关键步骤。目前临床应用较多的是MRI或CT定位技术,这2种技术在放射外科手术中会显示出各自的缺点。因此,探寻一项精准、高效、简便的新型定位技术十分必要。超声是继MRI与CT后临床工作中应用较多的一种新型定位技术。笔者查阅了20余篇相关文献,总结了超声在3D-BT模拟定位中的应用,以期为临床提供参考。     

Nonpalpable, well-defined, probably benign breast nodule: management by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and long-interval follow-up mammography

The management of nonpalpable, well-defined breast nodules by short-interval, 6-month follow-up mammography is widely accepted. We have, however, been managing these type of lesions with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), guided by sonography or stereotaxic approach, in order to reduce the number of follow-up mammograms. We recommended surgical biopsy only in cases with malignant or suspicious cytology. Patients with benign cytology or inadequate sample were included in a 12-month-interval mammography surveillance program. In the series we present, two carcinomas were diagnosed among 145 lesions (1.38 %). Both had shown malignancy in FNAB. Another two cases, suspicious of malignancy in FNAB, finally resulted benign in histology. The remaining 141 nodules, monitored for at least 2 years, or surgically removed at the patient's request, have not shown signs of malignancy, regardless of a diagnosis of either benign or inadequate sample in FNAB. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of FNAB have therefore been 100 % in this series. No notable differences were observed between stereotaxic and sonographic guidance, except the percentage of inadequate samples (20.3 % by sonography; 25.9 % by stereotaxic sampling). We conclude that stereotaxic or sonographic FNAB is a very accurate diagnostic method in lesions of this type, allowing long-interval surveillance of the nodules with nonsuspicious cytological results. Received 29 January 1996; Revision received 23 October 1996; Accepted 5 February 1997     

Multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a case report

Multiple intracranial arteriovenous malformations are rare. There are a few cases in the literature with up to three malformations in one patient. A child with seven separate cerebral malformations is now described. There was no history of haemorrhage, but only of febrile seizures. The malformations were discovered at CT and verified at angiography. Six were selected for stereotaxic irradiation with the multicobalt unit. The seventh was considered too big for irradiation and suitable for surgery.     

微侵袭治疗脑干出血

目的:探讨采用微侵袭立体定向置管引流治疗重型脑干出血的方法。方法:总结应用立体定向置管引流治疗重型脑干出血9例经验,并对手术方法、手术适应证、术后处理做初步讨论。结果:全部病例立体定向手术均获成功,术后存活5例。结论:立体定向手术对脑干出血是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。可降低重型脑干出血的死亡率。     

高血压脑出血破入侧脑室38例治疗体会

目的探讨高血压颅内血肿破入侧脑室的治疗方法.方法对38例高血压颅内血肿破入侧脑室患者,通过头部CT定位后,采用YL-1型穿刺针穿刺血肿尿激酶碎吸术,同时辅以单侧或双侧脑室外引流术,脑室内注入尿激酶溶血治疗.结果神经康复分级:Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ～V级26例.结论该方法是一种治疗效果较好、操作简单、费用低、安全有效的方法.     

帕金森病外科治疗并发单纯性基底节血肿的临床研究(附16例单纯性基底节血肿的预后分析)

目的：探讨微电极导向定体定向手术治疗帕金森并发基底节血肿发生的原因和有效防治措施。方法：对行微电极导向立体定向术的612例帕金森病患者中术后并发基底节血肿的16例（2.5％）患者进行总结和分析。结果：术中毁损灶出血16例，其中9你血肿体积小于5ml，保守治疗，3个月后复查头部CT，术区损毁灶明显，对侧肢体的僵硬或震颤症状改善明显；6例血肿体积5ml-20ml之间，行血肿抽吸术，术后对侧肢体肌力下降为III-IV级；开颅血肿清除术1例，术后对侧肢体偏瘫明显。本组病例血肿发生率为2.6％，术后3个月治愈率为81.2％。结论：微电极导向立体定向治疗帕金森病可以提高疗效，减少并发症的发生，但有引起术区出血的可能，而立体定向血肿抽吸术为血肿清除提供了有效的治疗手段。