大鼠正常脑组织伽玛刀照射后VEGF表达的实验研究

目的研究伽玛刀(γ-刀)立体定向放射外科照射大鼠正常脑组织后亚急性期血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)随时间变化的表达,探讨VEGF与放射损伤的关系。方法30只Wistar大鼠,随机分为6组,每组5只。其中1组为假照射组,其余5组行γ-刀照射。运用Leksell23004B型γ-刀4 mm准直器以50Gy照射大鼠右侧尾壳核。不同组别的大鼠分别在照射后1、2、4、8、12周深度麻醉下断头取出脑组织,行免疫组织化学染色观察VEGF的表达。结果假照射组及照射后1、2周靶区内无VEGF阳性细胞：照射后4周靶区发现有少数细胞呈弱阳性表达；照射后8周时可见照射侧VEGF阳性细胞数目增加；照射后12周可见VEGF阳性细胞进一步增多。结论γ-刀放射外科以50Gy照射大鼠单侧尾壳核后,照射靶区VEGF出现阳性表达,并且随时间延长呈增高趋势。     

Object-location memory impairment in patients with thermal lesions to the right or left hippocampus

Memory for object-location was investigated by testing subjects with small unilateral thermolesions to the medial temporal lobe using small-scale 2D (Abstract) or large-scale 3D (Real) recall conditions. Four patients with lesions of the left hippocampus (LH), 10 patients with damage to the right hippocampus (RH) and 9 matched normal controls (NC) were tested. Six task levels were presented in a pseudorandom order. During each level, subjects viewed one to six different objects on the floor of a circular curtained arena 2.90 m in diameter for 10 s. Recall was tested by marking the locations of objects on a map of the arena (Abstract recall) and then by replacing the objects in the arena (Real recall). Two component errors were studied by calculating the Location Error (LE), independent of the object identity and the configuration error by finding the best match to the presented configuration. The RH group was impaired relative to the NC for nearly all combinations of recall and error types. An impairment was observed in this group even for one object and it deepened sharply with an increasing object number. Damage to the right perirhinal or parahippocampal cortices did not add to the impairment. Deficits in the LH group were also observed, but less consistently. The data indicate that spatial memory is strongly but not exclusively lateralised to the right medial temporal lobe.     

Rat stereotaxic surgery without earbars

Described here is a rat headholding device intended for use in stereotaxic surgery. The assembly consists of a mouthpiece that accommodates the upper incisors and fits against the lateral and occlusive surfaces of the upper molars and of a contoured extension that is clamped down against the snout. To determine whether the apparatus could provide adequate stereotaxic support, we compared measures of skull displacement during surgery when using the “snoutclamp” and when using conventional earbars. Although the snoutclamp did not hold the head as rigidly as the earbar assembly did, the loss of accuracy was small. We judge that the snoutclamp can be used effectively as an alternative headholding device for many applications of stereotaxic surgery.     

脑立体定向术治疗冲动攻击行为精神病疗效观察

本文报告脑立体定向术治疗冲动攻击行为精神病20例。经半年至2年观察,冲动攻击行为完全消失者占65％,总有效率85％。用BPRS量表及Kawiecka病情量表检测,术前术后计分对比有显著差异。论述丘脑背内侧核的解剖生理基础,提出准确的脑室穿刺,良好的脑室造影,多靶点毁损,术后一定量的药物维持,对提高手术疗效有重要作用。     

A goose head holder device for chronic experiments

A special device is described which allows experiments to be performed on chronic non-anaesthetized geese. This system is composed of two elements: one is fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus, the other is implanted on the goose skull. The use of ear bars and eye and bill pieces is thus eliminated. This non-painful adaptation is well tolerated by the bird. In addition, the position of the animal with regard to stereotaxic coordinates is unchanged. This technique provides an essential tool for furthering investigations on the central nervous system in geese.     

Stereotaxic apparatus for the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) brain

Studies of comparative neurophysiology have been considerably enhanced by the introduction of stereotaxic techniques. The construction of a stereotaxic assembly for the buffalo brain as based on the original Horsley-Clarke principle has been described. Stereotaxic procedures on larger animals like buffaloes are conveniently performed in their standing position. The construction of a body supporter which can maintain the anesthetized animal in standing position is also described.     

A rabbit headholder for stereotaxic use with gaseous anesthetics

A headholder is described which allows a rabbit to be maintained on a gaseous anesthetic (e.g., halothane) while the head is securely held without the use of earbars. The animal's head can be aligned, without being loosened, in the three stereotaxic planes by three thumb screws.     

The variability of the interaural line vs the stability of bregma in rat stereotaxic surgery.

A comparison of the accuracy of stereotaxic localization using the interaural line and the bregmoidal intersection as the zero referent was made in male rats ranging in weight from 161 to 782 g. As body weight increased so did head length such that the angle of the skull and the distance from the interaural line to both the incisors and bregma varied as a linear function of body weight. Consequently, an electrode placement could recede by up to 4 mm from a target as rats' size increased. If head angle was held constant interaural line values could be adjusted by using an appropriate regression formula. With head angle constant and bregma used as the zero referent, the placement variation was less than 0.5 mm and was not systematically affected by body weight. The results show that coordinates from avoilable stereotaxic atlases can be adjusted for use with adult rats of widely varying body size.     

Simple “planilabe” for rapid establishment of the stereotaxic horizontal zero plane in rabbits

A device for rapid determination of the stereotaxic horizontal zero plane in the rabbit is described. The instrument is designed to provide reference points needed to establish the appropriate relative position of the commonly used calvarial landmarks, bregma and lambda, in a single operation.     

A stereotaxic method based on ventricular radiography in the cat (with special reference to the stereotaxic topography of the substantia Nigra)

Summary A method based on an intracerebral coordinate system and contrast ventriculography was developed for Stereotaxic surgery in the cat. The intercommissural (CA-CP) line was used as the principal reference because its length showed little variability in animals within a wide weight range. The Stereotaxic coordinates of the substantia nigra (SN) in relation to the CA-CP line and the midline were evaluated in serial sections. Stereotaxic operations with the use of ventricular radiography were performed in different parts of the SN in 18 cats. Histological verification showed that the selected target regions within the SN were very accurately reached in all animals operated with this method. The precision of the Stereotaxic method based on the intracerebral coordinate system compared to the Horsley-Clarke method is discussed.Offprint requests to: Dr. I.A. Ilinsky (address see above)