X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声（简称彩超）和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值,提高其诊断率。方法 55例早期乳腺癌和25例乳腺良性病变均行两侧X线摄影、彩超检查,再经立体定位穿刺,作病理学检查。结果 在55例早期乳腺癌中,X线钼靶摄影诊断早期乳腺癌45例,其敏感性和特异性分别为82．0％和88．0％;彩超诊断早期乳腺癌43例,其敏感性和特异性分别为78．2％和84．0％,准确性为80．0％;立体定位穿刺诊断早期乳腺癌53例,其敏感性和特异性分别为96．4％和92．0％,准确性为95．0％,无假阳性。综合影像诊断早期乳腺癌54例,其敏感性和特异性分别为98．2％和96．0％,准确性为97．5％。结论X线摄影、彩超和立体定位穿刺联合应用,可提高早期乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

Parietal Lobe Lesional Epilepsy: Electroclinical Correlation and Operative Outcome

Summary: We retrospectively studied ictal behavior, extracranial EEG, and operative outcome in 10 consecutive patients with intractable partial epilepsy of presumed parietal lobe origin who received a lesionectomy, i.e., resection of the neuroimaging-identified abnormality, at the Mayo Clinic. Nine patients had a pathologically verified foreign-tissue lesion, e.g., tumor or vascular malformation, and 1 patient had gliosis. All patients with foreign-tissue lesions were rendered seizure-free. The patient with gliosis experienced a reduction in seizure tendency. There were no operative complications. The most common seizure type was a simple partial seizure with visual, motor, or sensory symptoms (n = 8). Complex partial seizures (n = 5) and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC, n = 2) were also observed. The ictal behavior was often nonspecific although useful in identifying lateralization of the epileptogenic zone. Extracranial interictal and ictal EEG changes were unreliable markers of the parietal lobe origin of seizure activity. Lesionectomy without chronic intracranial monitoring or functional mapping may be an effective and safe alternative surgical procedure in patients with partial epilepsy related to parietal lobe lesions.     

脑出血后出血病灶的CT三维重建模型

目的 为计算机辅助立体定向设备的研发设计的,可以依据CT扫描数据进行三维重建并模拟临床脑出血操作过程的颅骨模型.方法 以融解的石蜡灌铸内置有假想病灶的颅骨标本制为颅骨模型,采集CT扫描后的序列DICOM数据,通过自编软件平台进行3D重建、手术规划,由计算机辅助立体定向设备对该模型进行模拟微创穿刺.结果 完成蜡灌铸的脑出血颅骨模型,且该模型在CT扫描和之后的3D重建中可清晰显示和区别标记物、骨骼、石蜡、假想病灶.结论 蜡铸脑出血颅骨模型方法简单、可反复建模,能较理想地评估计算机辅助立体定向设备原型机的系统性能.     

A versatile, low-cost adaptor for stereotaxic and electrophysiologic spinal preparations in juvenile and adult rodents

Rats and mice provide excellent models for normal spinal cord physiology, traumatic spinal cord injury, and various disease states. Alternative and improved methodologies for experimental spinal preparations are desirable, particularly in the wake of expanding neuroscience technology, such as the diverse array of transgenic mice now available, and exciting new therapeutic approaches, including transplantation and gene therapy. This report describes a simple, low-cost instrument for spinal preparations in rodents of different sizes, including rat pups. The device adapts to standard small animal stereotaxic instruments, precluding the need for additional stereotaxic apparatus. Surgical methods utilizing the device are presented demonstrating the instrument's capacity for precise alignment and stabilization of the spinal column that is reproducible from animal to animal. Proof of concept is demonstrated with results from spinal cord injections and electrophysiologic recordings.     

Intraoperative functional MRI as a new approach to monitor deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

This article deals with technical aspects of intraoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for monitoring the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a patient with Parkinson's disease. Under motor activation, therapeutic high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus was accompanied by an activation decrease in the contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex and the ipsilateral cerebellum. Furthermore, an activation increase in the contralateral basal ganglia and insula region were detected. These findings demonstrate that fMRI constitutes a promising clinical application for investigating brain activity changes induced by DBS.     

立体定向脑内窥镜手术50例临床分析

目的：探讨立体定向脑内窥镜手术临床应用价值。方法：对位于脑深部或重要功能区的病变，采用ＣＴ引导立体定向技术施行脑内窥镜手术５０例；其中包括脑瘤切除，异物、囊肿、脓肿或囊虫摘除，脑内病变活检，血肿排空，脉络丛烧灼等手术。术中成功应用了双套管法和钬激光。结果：手术有效率９６％（术后１月）。无手术死亡及术后昏迷、偏瘫、颅内出血和感染等严重并发症。结论：此方法使以往立体定向穿刺的不可视性，变为可视性操作；扩大了手术范围，提高了手术安全性     

Combined use of T1-weighted MRI and MRA for stereotaxic lesioning of the nonhuman primate brain: application to the rhinal cortex

 Stereotaxic brain lesioning is widely used to develop experimental models of human brain disease in the nonhuman primate. To avoid intraoperative vascular complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, we developed a methodology that is easy to implement. This method combines T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). This technique is applied to produce bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the rhinal cortex, a structure located medially in the temporal lobe, in eight baboons (including five sham-operated animals with needle descents but no ibotenic acid injection). Two other baboons were lesioned before the MRA technology was available. The MRA sequence (two-dimensional time-of-flight, axial acquisition) was used to localize the blood vessels in the needle trajectories, i.e., the highly vascularized sylvian fissure and temporal gyri. The vessel coordinates were transposed onto the coronal MRI-T1 images, onto which the injection sites were determined and the planned needle tracks drawn. In the eight baboons that had MRA, 26.8% of these needle tracks had to be slightly displaced because of the presence of blood vessels. The stereotaxic coordinates of the final target sites were then calculated with respect to six skull landmarks that also served as a reference during surgery. No intracranial hemorrhage occurred in any of the eight baboons in which MRA was performed, in contrast to one of the two baboons not studied with MRA. The histological analysis showed a good extent of the rhinal lesions in all lesioned animals, with minimal damage to areas other than those that were targeted. Thus, combined use of MRI-T1 and MRA proved to be reliable in reducing vascular complications, affording new advances for stereotaxic surgery in nonhuman primates. Received: 16 June 1998 / Accepted: 13 November 1998     

幕上海绵状血管瘤伴顽固性癫痫的手术治疗

目的 探讨幕上海绵状血管瘤伴顽同性癫痫的临床特点及手术治疗策略.方法 2000至2008年手术治疗14例幕上脑内海绵状血管瘤患者,术前均行头部MRI检杏,均以顽固性癫痫为主要症状,术后经病理证实并长期随访.结果 所有患者采用多种抗癫痫药物治疗,效果不佳,手术根据病灶数目、位置及与功能区的关系可一期直接完成或分期完成.术后配合药物治疗,经长期随访,癫痫控制良好,无手术导致的功能障碍.结论 MRI诊断海绵状血管瘤有较高的特异性与敏感性,典型表现为T2WI图像上病灶周围有环形低信号区.幕上海绵状血管瘤伴顽固性癫痫的患者应积极手术,且效果较好.具体可根据病灶位置、脑电图表现及临床症状借助颅内电极、立体定向技术制定针对性手术方案.     

局限性肌张力障碍的手术治疗分析

目的探讨立体定向核团毁损手术治疗局限性肌张力障碍的疗效。方法23例局限性肌张力障碍患者按照病因分成两组,A组原发性患者10例,B组继发性患者13例。采用立体定向核团毁损手术治疗。术后随访6个月,观察并对比运动功能改善情况。结果A组患者均得到治愈。B组患者平均改善率43．8％,个体问疗效差别较大。结论立体定性丘脑腹外侧核毁损手术是治疗书写痉挛的有效手段。继发性局限性肌张力障碍的手术疗效取决于脑功能损害的广泛程度,有无病灶不一定是手术预后的指标。     

肿瘤靶体积测量16层CT成像参数的选择

目的:探讨16层CT在肿瘤靶体积测量中的应用.方法:在西门子Somatom Sensation16层CT机上以不同准直宽度(0.75mm、1.5mm)和不同螺距(0.5、1.0、1.5)对埋入蜡块中的实体瘤模型进行扫描,分别获取6组原始数据,每组数据采用2、3、5、8及10mm不同的重建间隔共计5组重建不同层厚的图像,在治疗计划系统上对所获图像勾画靶区,利用TPS的州量软件测得模体的体积数据.结果:不同重建层厚(2、3、5、8和10mm)所测量模体体积之均值分别为(25.55±0.08)、(25.44±0.11)、(25.36±0.17)、(21.72±0.77)和(20.55±0.03)cm3,与实际体积值(25.62 cm3)配对t检验,2、3、5 mm相对应之P值均大于0.05,8、10mm相对应之P值均小于0.01.不同准直及不同螺距在2mm重建层厚条件下的测量结果误差的直线回归分析y=0.028x 25.55(r=1.00,P＜0.01),3、5、8、10mm重建层厚之直线回归方程的斜率分别为0.031、0.027、0.034、0.011(r=1.00,P＜0.01).结论:多层螺旋CT模拟对肿瘤靶体积的测量误差与准直宽度和螺距无关,而与重建层厚有关,且2mm、3mm和5mm的重建层厚所获之体积数据最接近实际值.