孤立性肺结节胸腔镜术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位的价值

目的探讨孤立性肺结节术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位技术对胸腔镜手术的增益价值。方法收集行胸腔镜手术切除孤立性肺结节患者共92例,其中术前行三维CT引导下钩丝定位者37例,未行定位者55例。回顾性分析术前钩丝定位对胸腔镜转为开胸手术的几率、平均手术时间、平均住院时间的影响,并对其差异进行统计学分析。结果术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位成功率100．0％,定位操作时间平均（11．5±7．2）min,并发气胸及出血发生率为56．8％（21／37）。钩丝定位后胸腔镜转为开胸手术的几率为5．4％（2／37）,平均手术时间为（21．7±8．0）min,平均住院时间为（9．5±3．5）天。未定位直接行胸镜手术,转为开胸手术的几率为29．1％（16／55）、平均手术时间（45．9±10．4）min,平均住院时间为（14．1±4．5）天。分别进行X。检验和t检验,P〈0．05,差异有统计学意义。结论术前三维CT引导下钩丝定位技术安全、准确,降低了转为开胸手术的几率,缩短了胸腔镜的手术时间和住院时间,对于孤立性肺结节胸腔镜手术具有很好的增益价值。     

帕金森病CT表现及微电极导向脑内核团毁损术后CT影像分析

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)的CT表现及微电极导向脑内核团毁损术后CT影像特点。资料与方法(1)对240例PD患者术前CT影像进行回顾性分析。(2)30例PD患者在术后3~12个月(平均6·5个月)CT扫描,观测脑内核团毁损灶33个(其中3例患者为双侧手术):右苍白球腹后内侧核(Gpi)毁损灶14个、左Gpi核毁损灶6个,右丘脑腹外侧核(Vim)毁损灶2个、左Vim核毁损灶11个,对毁损灶最大层面积、术侧CT值(任意值)、健侧对应点CT值(标准值)测量,并算出毁损灶与健侧CT值的差值。结果(1)PD的CT表现主要为中央型弥漫性脑萎缩,以脑室系统扩大为主,轻度脑萎缩46.67%(112/240),中度脑萎缩40%(96/240),重度脑萎缩3.33%(8/240),正常10%(24/240)。(2)33个毁损靶灶之圆形占27·27%(9/33);类圆形占60·61%(20/33);片状不规则形占12·12%(4/33)。毁损灶的面积Gpi核平均(28·01±2.15)mm2,Vim核平均为(14.03±1.24)mm2,两者对比有显著性差异(P<0.01);毁损灶Gpi核CT值较健侧平均下降(11.80±0.87)HU,Vim核CT值较健侧平均下降(10.80±1.28)HU,两者亦有差异性(P<0·05)。结论PD患者术前CT扫描对掌握手术适应证较重要,重度脑萎缩患者提示不宜做外科手术治疗。术后CT扫描观察毁损灶之形态、面积、密度变化等影像学改变,有利于对手术疗效、并发症等评估提供一定证据。     

Stereotactic radiosurgery: Present status and future trends

Stereotactic radiosurgery was introduced by Lars Leksell in 1951, as a means of treating a variety of intracranial pathologies without opening the skull. Since 1968 the radiosurgical procedures have been performed in the Leksell Gamma Unit. The number of conditions amenable to this treatment modality has constantly increased and today about 1500 patients have been treated in Stockholm. The radiosurgical technique, some of the indications for radiosurgery as well as the clinical results are reviewed.     

高血压脑出血无创定位穿刺引流治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨无创立体定位穿刺引流治疗高血压脑出血的准确性和安全性。方法：高血压脑出血患者127例,经CT定位,采用青岛嘉隆科技发展有限公司生产的立体定位器在血肿内置管,对血肿采取无创立体定位穿刺进行液化、引流治疗.结果：血肿内置管准确,误差小于0.3 cm;48 h内71.7%的患者血肿被有效清除,死亡13例,总死亡率占10.2%。结论：无创立体定位穿刺血肿引流术操作简单,定位客观,精确度高,能迅速有效的引流清除血肿,对治疗高血压性脑出血效果显著。     

早期锥颅抽吸加尿激酶溶解治疗高血压脑出血87例分析

目的 探讨锥颅抽吸加尿激酶溶解治疗高血压脑出血手术时机的选择、手术适应证及优缺点。方法 87例高血压脑出血患者均在7～24h内行床边锥颅抽吸加尿激酶溶解术。结果 全组愈后结果按GOS评分标准，恢复良好者44例（50，5％），中残30例（34．5％），重残7例（8％），死亡6例（7％）。结论 早期锥颅抽吸加尿激酶溶解治疗高血压脑出血具有微创、快速简便、经济、适应证广及效果较好的优点。     

Effects of brain testosterone implants on appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior in Japanese quail

Aromatization of testosterone (T) into an estrogen is necessary for the activation of consummatory and appetitive sexual behavior in male Japanese quail. T action within the medial preoptic nucleus (POM) is necessary and sufficient to activate consummatory behavior, and some evidence suggests that POM might be involved in the control of appetitive behavior, but other brain regions, such as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), an area that contains a dense population of aromatase-immunoreactive neurons, are also likely to be involved. This study was performed to assess the effects of stereotaxic T implants targeting either the POM or the BST on the activation of both components of sexual behavior in castrated male quail. Appetitive sexual behavior was measured by an acquired social proximity response in which a male will approach a window providing visual access to a female after the window has been repeatedly paired with physical access to a female and the possibility to freely interact with her. Rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements that are produced by the male when given visual access to a female were used as another measure of appetitive sexual behavior that does not appear to depend on sexual learning. The experiments confirmed that copulation is necessary for males to develop the social proximity response that is used to measure the appetitive sexual behavior. T implants in the POM activated both components of sexual behavior, suggesting that these components cannot be completely dissociated. In contrast, T implants located within the BST did not affect either component, but because implants in the BST did not activate copulatory behavior, these results do not preclude a role for BST in the expression of a previously acquired appetitive sexual behavior.     

An atlas of the deep cerebellar nuclei and subtentorial brainstem of the cat with compensation for skull-size

BERNTSON, G. G., T. S. PAULUCCI AND M. W. TORELLO. An atlas of the deep cerebellar nuclei and subtentorialbrainstem of the cat, with compensation for skull-size. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5)475–492, 1978.—The bony tentorium in the cat precludes a stereotaxic approach, in the coronal plane, to widespread areas of the cerebellum and underlying brainstem. To facilitate the application of the stereotaxic method in these areas, an atlas of the subtentorial brainstem was prepared, with plates (30° from the vertical) based on an angle of entry which avoids the tentorium. In addition, a placement error regression function, based on a measure of skull size, was derived to provide atlas coordinate corrections for different brain sizes. The application of this regression function, together with the present atlas plates, can greatly increase placement accuracy.     

神经导航辅助切除邻近重要功能区神经胶质瘤

目的介绍神经导航系统在切除邻近重要功能区神经胶质瘤( 简称胶质瘤)手术中的初步应用体会. 方法 2000年6月～2001年2月,应用Brain LAB公司VectorVision2导航系统辅助切除邻近重要功能区胶质瘤11例,并对神经导航用于胶质瘤手术的优越性、精确性以及注意事项进行分析. 结果本组病例中,平均注册误差为(1.5±0.7) mm,术后近期复查CT或MRI证实肿瘤全切除率为81.8%,患者临床症状均得到改善,肢体活动等重要神经功能未受明显影响,无手术并发症. 结论神经导航系统对于切除邻近重要功能区胶质瘤具有定位准确、动态示踪、微侵袭、安全可靠等特点 ,有助于提高胶质瘤的全切除率及降低手术并发症的发生.     

A method of stereotaxic localization adopted for conventional and digital radiography

Summary A method for the determination of stereotaxic coordinates in radiography, e.g. angiography, pneumoencephalography or digital vascular radiography, is described. A special localization frame containing radiopaque structures and scales defines a diagnostic coordinate system. This frame is fixed to the X-ray-table prior to the radiographic procedure and two projections are obtained at arbitrary angles to each other. The focus-film distances do not how to be fixed. The target coordinates are then determined either by a simple graphical procedure or with the use of a digitizing x-y-table, by a computer. With the computer method the films are placed on the digitizing table and the target and a few reference points are marked using a cursor. From the relative positions the computer calculates the coordinates. With the special head fixation system, coordinates of structures visualized in radiographic examinations can be transferred to various therapeutic or diagnostic stereotaxic devices.