囊肿切除治疗婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨囊肿切除、胆道重建治疗婴儿胆总管囊肿的疗效.方法1984年6月～1999年6月共有15例婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿患儿在我科接受了囊肿切除、胆道重建手术治疗,并对这些患儿进行了随访,随访资料包括症状、体征、B超.钡餐及肝功能检查.结果随访资料完整者12例,除1例术后3个月死于肝功能衰竭外,其余11例成活的患儿生长发育均正常;2例未行套叠瓣的患儿偶有上腹疼痛,但腹痛可自行缓解,钡餐检查见钡剂返流;全组病例肝功均正常,未见胆道结石、消化道溃疡、食道下端静脉曲张.结论囊肿切除、胆道重建治疗婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿可取得满意的疗效.     

原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤57例临床分析

目的 探讨原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤的临床特点、诊断及治疗措施。方法 分析５７例原发性胜利膜后恶性肿瘤的病程、病理类型及手术治疗方式。结果 ５７例中完整手术切除３１例,占５４．４％,部分切除９例,占１５．８％．单纯活检１７例,占２９．８％。结论原发性腹膜后恶性肿瘤发病隐蔽,症状不典型,治疗以抹切除为主,强调完整切除提高生存率。     

Constricting band penile injury with urethral transection

Constricting band penile injuries in children may be caused by inadvertent entrapment by a variety of agents including hair, thread, and circumcision dressings. Alternatively, the offending band may have been self-applied or applied by an attendant. Unrelieved, the band causes serious vascular occlusion, progressive tissue necrosis, and injury to the urethra and erectile tissue. We report a case of CBPI in a 12-year-old circumcised boy. The glans was attached to the penile shaft by a tenuous segment of tissue dorsally with complete transection of the urethra. A three-stage reconstruction using a delayed groin flap was successful.     

先天性胆管囊肿（附28例报告）

目的：探讨先天性胆管囊肿的病因、分型、诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾１９８６至１９９６年１０年间收治的先天性胆管囊肿２８例进行分析。结果：２８例中Ⅰ型１９例（６７８５％）,ＩＶＡ型８例（２８６％）,ＩＶＢ型１例（３６％）。Ｂ超检查２６例,２４例手术证实;ＣＴ９例７例手术证实。手术治疗为最佳手段,以囊肿切除为首选。本组２５例手术治疗,囊肿切除１３例（占５２％）。结论：Ｂ超为主要诊断手段。先天性胆管囊肿癌变率随病程延长而逐渐上升,故切除囊肿为首选治疗手段     

First experience with gamma probe guided sentinel lymph node surgery in penile cancer

Because of the curative approach, the detection of lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is of significant clinical relevance. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification by means of lymphangiography has been proven to be insufficiently safe. However, the high morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy and the considerable individual variability regarding the location of lymph node metastases justify the necessity of a technique that enables the identification of SLNs. Since 1998, SLNs have been intraoperatively identified and selectively dissected, after peritumoral injection of technetium-99m nanocolloid and using lymphoscintigraphy, in three patients (one with malignant melanoma and two with SCC). At least one SLN could be detected in each patient. The maximum surgical time was 30 min. There were no severe complications. Lymph node metastases did not occur in any patient. Upon a mean follow-up of 10 months, all patients are currently free of tumor. Owing to the long-term results of sentinel lymphadenectomy in malignant melanoma of other locations and our preliminary results with respect to penile carcinoma, we consider the current method appropriate as the only primary operation for lymph node staging in early stages and, in combination with modified inguinal lymphadenectomy, in locally advanced stages. Received: 24 November 1999 / Accepted: 21 April 2000     

含大黄、水蛭等中药复方对肾大部切除大鼠肾脏保护作用的研究

目的 :观察大黄、水蛭等对肾大部切除所致大鼠慢性肾衰保护作用的影响。方法 :采用 5 6肾大部切除模型 ,并随机分成假手术组 ,肾大部分切除组 ,包醛氧淀粉组 ,肾衰宁组及大黄、水蛭等高、中、低剂量组。采用ELISA法观察各组动物肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)水平 ,同时观察大鼠 2 4h尿蛋白、尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (Scr)的变化。结果 :大黄、水蛭等能减少尿蛋白 ,降低TNF α、BUN、Scr,以低剂量组效果最佳 ,与模型组比较有显著性差异。结论 :大黄、水蛭等对肾大部切除大鼠的肾脏具有保护作用 ,可减轻肾脏的损害。     

保留盆腔自主神经的直肠系膜全切除术对患者术后排尿和性功能的影响

目的　研究保留盆腔自主神经的直肠系膜全切除术后患者的排尿和性功能。方法　将 63例DukesA、B期直肠癌患者随机分为对照组 (2 9例 )和研究组 (3 4例 )。对照组行Miles手术 (13例 ) ,Dixon手术 (16例 ) ;研究组行保留盆腔自主神经的直肠系膜全切除术 ,保留肛门 2 5例 ,未保留肛门 9例。观察比较 2组患者术后自主排尿的情况 ,膀胱残余尿量及性功能。结果　研究组患者术后轻、中、重度排尿障碍的发生率分别为 11.8%、5 .9%和 0 ,明显低于对照组 (2 4.1%、2 0 .7%和 3 .5 % )。研究组中 17例男性患者术后 2例 (11.8% )阴茎不能勃起 ,4例 (2 3 .5 % )不能完成性交及射精 ;17例女性患者术后 1例 (5 .9% )性交时阴道湿润性差 ;7例男、女患者 (2 0 .6% )术后不能体会性高潮。对照组中 15例男性患者术后 11例 (73 .3 % )阴茎不能勃起 ,13例 (86.7% )不能完成性交及射精 ;14例女性患者术后 6例 (4 2 .9% )阴道湿润性差 ;2 5例男、女患者 (86.2 % )术后不能体会性高潮。研究组男、女患者术后性功能障碍发生率显著低于对照组。结论　保留盆腔自主神经的直肠系膜全切除术能较好保留直肠癌患者术后的排尿和性功能。     

Seven-year survivor with malignant melanoma of the anus without radical surgery

We report a case of a long-term survivor with malignant melanoma of the anus who did not undergo radical surgery. A 71-year-old woman who presented with anal bleeding and anal tumor underwent an excisional biopsy in September 1985. The biopsy specimen was a lobulated, polypoid, pigmented mass 2 cm in diameter, that had been located on the anterior wall of the anus. A satellite nodule 7 mm in diameter was found on the left wall of the anus at the level of the dentate line. Both tumors were histologically diagnosed as malignant melanoma. The primary tumor was 6 mm thick. Melanoma cells were present microscopically at the cut end of the rectum. Because of her history of ischemic heart disease, the patient rejected our recommendation that she undergo radical surgery, and received 10 courses of carboplatin 20 mg intramuscularly and OK-432 10 K.E. (Klinische Einheit) intradermally every week. A single, pigmented metastatic inguinal lymph node developed and was excised in June 1987. A recurrent tumor was detected in the rectum in October 1992, so again we recommended radical surgery. The patient rejected radical surgery again, and received 12 courses of carboplatin 10 mg intramuscularly every 2 weeks. She died of disease at home in July 1993 after surviving for 7 years and 10 months. An autopsy was not performed. This case shows that local excision of the primary lesion may be appropriate to preserve the quality of life of patients with early-stage malignant melanoma of the anus.     

Clinical study on the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus (an analysis of 200 cases)

Objective: To study the pattern of lymphnode metastasis in carcinoma of esophagus. Methods: 200 cases of resected esophageal cancer specimens were carefully examined pathologically. Lymphnode metastasis, its pathway and extent in relation to pathological changes were analyzed. Results: Lymphnode metastasis was mainly regional and extended vertically in both directions. Leaping-over metastasis was another feature. The deeper invasion by the tumor, the higher frequencies of metastasis development, and vice versa. However, leaping-over metastasis was more likely to occur where tumor invasion was less severe. Conclusion: Owing to the high frequency of lymphnode metastasis in the superior mediastinum and the widely spanned leaping-over metastasis, an operative approach by three incisions through right thoracotomy with excision of the whole segment of esophagus and anastomosis at cervical region was recommended, in order to dissect lymphnodes in the cervical, thoracic and abdominal regions and to leave less or no metastatic lymphnodes behind.     

微粒子炭在直肠癌手术中对淋巴结清除的指导作用

目的:探讨微粒子炭在指导直肠癌手术中淋巴结清除的临床意义。方法:采用前瞻性病例对照研究,患者随机分组:40 例直肠癌患者术前经肠镜局部注射微粒子炭后行直肠癌根治术,40例仅行常规直肠癌根治术作为对照组。所有病例记录清除的淋巴结数并做病理检查。结果:术中被黑染的淋巴结清晰可辨;注墨组平均每例清除淋巴结数为(24. 6±4. 2)个,对照组为(15. 1±2. 6)个,P=0. 003 7;淋巴结转移病例中,注墨组平均每例清除转移淋巴结(7 .8±1 .7)个,对照组(4. 2±2. 0)个,P=0. 004 5;注墨组总的淋巴结黑染率62 .0%, 转移淋巴结黑染率66. 4%。结论:局部应用微粒子炭对指导直肠癌手术中的淋巴结清除具有统计学意义。