团队精神培养在护理教育中的实践应用

目的培养学生的团队精神。方法在对129名本科护理学专业学生《护理教育学》课程改革实践中进行小组制作授课幻灯及教案、小组代表进行小讲课、自我试卷命题、开卷考核、自我评定等多种形式的考核。结果课程改革实践受到了学生的欢迎,学生认为团队精神得到了充分的培养。结论课程改革是有益的尝试,对现代护理人才团队精神的培养具有积极的意义。     

对《天然胶乳橡胶避孕套》中爆破体积和压力项目检验的分析

天然胶乳橡胶避孕套已列为国家食品药品监督管理局重点医疗器械监管的对象,有力的监管将会大大减少或遏制如艾滋病、梅毒等性传染疾病的传播和蔓延以及对实行计划生育也起到了一定的作用,为人民群众的用械安全有效起到保障作用。2007年我们针对辖区内的生产、经营厂家进行了专项监督抽验,针对爆破体积和压力项目进行了分析,为进一步提高产品质量提供技术信息,对规范市场起到一定的促进作用。     

化学物神经毒性鉴定方法的研究进展

化学物安全应用及对其危害的评价必须进行神经毒性鉴定。化学物神经毒性鉴定的技术方法主要分为形态学、生化及分子生物学、电生理学方法、行为学及替代法5类。该文就每类方法的特点及其毒性鉴定适用性进行简要的介绍，为实际应用中遴选提供参考。     

The changing demographics of women living with HIV/AIDS in southern Alberta from 1982 to 2006

INTRODUCTION:

Women account for a growing proportion of HIV infections in Canada. This has implications with respect to prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the female population presenting for HIV care in southern Alberta and to examine the impact of opt-out pregnancy screening.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients presenting to the Southern Alberta HIV Clinic (SAC) care program from 1982 to 2006, was performed.

RESULTS:

The proportion of newly diagnosed patients who were female increased from 7.5% before 1998 to 21.5% after 1998. Women were more likely to be from vulnerable populations, such as intravenous drug users (31.3% versus 13.7%, P<0.001), aboriginals/Métis (21.5% versus 8.7%, P<0.001), blacks (28.9% versus 4.9%, P<0.001) and immigrants (36.6% versus 14.7%, P<0.001). Heterosexual intercourse was the main risk factor for HIV acquisition (43.7%). Women were less likely than men to have requested HIV testing (20.9% versus 37.8%, P<0.001). Opt-out pregnancy screening accounted for 12.7% of HIV-positive tests in women, following its introduction in 1998. Of the women diagnosed by pregnancy screening, 62.1% were from HIV-endemic countries. There was an association between reason for testing and CD4 count at presentation; women who requested their HIV test had higher median CD4 counts than those diagnosed because of illness (478 cells/mL, interquartile range [IQR]=370 cells/mL versus 174 cells/mL, IQR=328 cells/mL, P<0.001) or pregnancy screening (478 cells/mL, IQR=370 cells/mL versus 271 cells/mL, IQR=256 cells/mL, P=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Women were less likely than men to have requested HIV testing and were more likely to be diagnosed by population-based screening methods. Women, especially vulnerable groups, account for a growing number and proportion of newly diagnosed HIV infections in Alberta. The implications of expanded screening in this population merit further consideration.     

儿童免疫规划针对性疾病的抗原及抗体检测分析

目的统计南宁市邕宁区儿童免疫规划针对性疾病的抗原及抗体检测结果,了解该区免疫防控效果。方法抽取2012年1月-12月间南宁市邕宁区5个社区行政村或社区适龄儿童150名进行调查,每个社区行政村或社区分别从东西南北中5个方位各随机抽取30名（1~6岁常住儿童各5名）,收集血清样本进行脊髓灰质炎抗体、麻疹抗体、乙肝表面抗原（HBs Ag）、乙肝表面抗体（HBs Ab）、白喉抗体检测。结果共调查适龄儿童150名,乙型肝炎（乙肝）抗原、抗体免疫合格率均较高,其中HBs Ag免疫合格率为99.3%,HBs Ab免疫合格率为88.0%,男女乙肝抗原、抗体合格率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;脊髓灰质炎Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ抗体阳性率均达100.0%;各年龄组麻疹抗体检测结果均较满意,其中以2、3岁儿童麻疹抗体阳性率最高,为100.0%,1、4、5、6岁儿童麻疹抗体阳性率依次为96.0%、84.0%、88.0%、96.0%;白喉抗体检测阳性率均为100.0%。结论该区儿童免疫规划针对性疾病抗体均达到理想水平,其中对脊髓灰质炎与白喉预防效果最佳,但对乙肝与麻疹的预防水平还欠佳,故追踪流动儿童免疫接种,提高全民对免疫规划认识,积极主动参与儿童免疫接种,是进一步提高免疫规划针对性疾病预防的关键。     

Comparative evaluation of the new ARCHITECT EBV assays considering different testing algorithms

In the current evaluation, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology was performed on 1113 routine serum samples. Although the initial request for all samples from the general practitioner was EBV IgM testing, 80.9% were classified as past infections. The ARCHITECT^® viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM, VCA IgG, and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1 IgG assays showed good results for sensitivity and specificity, being 100.0%, 98.3%, and 100.0% and 99.9%, 95.4%, and 99.6%, respectively. Using an algorithm based on initial EBNA-1 IgG testing, followed by VCA IgG and IgM for samples that were not EBNA-1 IgG reactive, the number of tests per sample could be reduced to nearly 50% compared to parallel testing. The high sensitivity and specificity of the ARCHITECT^® EBNA-1 IgG assay in combination with a low number of grayzone results are a precondition for the chosen test algorithm. Thus, the newly developed ARCHITECT^® EBV panel is suitable for accurate and cost-efficient EBV serology in a routine clinical laboratory.