腹腔镜手术机器人应用质量与安全评价标准体系研究

腹腔镜手术机器人能提高操作精度,缩短手术用时,患者出血少,恢复速度快。近年来,国产创新手术机器人的研发取得了显著成果,但目前国内外缺乏相关评价标准,增加了临床应用的风险。为科学评价腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全,急需研究建立质量检测与评价标准。该研究从控制系统、图像质量、机械精度、电气安全4个维度优选评价指标。在控制系统方面选取软件功能检测规范指标;在图像质量方面选取图像质量检测规范指标;在机械精度方面选取机械臂检测规范指标;在电气安全方面选取设备外观检测规范和产品故障预防与维护控制规范两个指标。通过验证试验研究合理可行的检测与评价方法,为腹腔镜手术机器人的应用质量与安全评价提供依据,填补国内外腹腔镜手术机器人相关标准方面的空白。     

医疗器械检验检测现状及发展趋势探索

目的 该文旨在迎接我国医疗器械检验检测行业的新业态和新挑战,探索行业的未来发展方向。方法 在概述 医疗器械检验检测行业现状的基础上,采用专家访谈和线上问卷的方式,调研40家医疗器械检验检测机构及相关企事业单位, 重点关注科技创新能力和形式、行业发展瓶颈等重要问题。结果 通过整理和分析调研数据,得出行业发展的5个积极趋势： 完善机构整体布局,加强区域特色中心建设;完善第三方合作研究组织和第三方评审机构的准入与监管机制;鼓励科技创新, 优化人才队伍,赋能检验检测技术高质量发展;构建医疗器械安全监管信息化共享平台;加强在用医疗器械设备的安全监测。 创新之处 采用专家访谈和循证研究的方法,获取客观可靠的数据,为行业发展趋势的研究和探索提供了有力的依据。     

64排螺旋CT在肠道及肠系膜损伤中的应用价值

目的：研究使用64排螺旋CT检查肠道系统,并进行损伤程度的判断。方法：任意抽选本院肠道系统损伤病人68例,运用64排CT检查病人肠道损伤情况。结果：在CT影像中,有27例病人出现肠管增厚及肠壁血肿情况,有10例病人腹腔中存在游离气体,10例病人肠道系膜出现水肿及淤血情况,21例病人肠道内粘膜血肿。结论：使用64排螺旋CT为病人肠道进行检查,能够准确判断出患者肠道系统中出现损伤的部位以及具体损伤程度,因此64排CT用于检测肠道系统损伤具有极高的价值。     

Normative Reference Values and Validity for the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test in Healthy Young Adults

BackgroundClinicians often use physical performance tests (PPT) to measure performance measures in sports since they are easy to administer, portable, and cost-efficient. However, PPT often lack good or known psychometric properties. Perhaps, the 30-second chair-stand test (30CST) would be a good functional test in athletic populations as it has been shown to demonstrate good psychometric properties in older adults.Hypothesis/PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine normative values for and concurrent, convergent and discriminative validity of 30CST for healthy young adults aged 19-35 years.Study DesignCross-sectionalMethodsEighty-one participants completed this study. All participants performed two trials of 30CST, 5-times sit-to-stand (5xSTS), and lateral step-up test (LSUT). Investigators used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Leisure Domain (LD-IPAQ) to divide participants into insufficiently or sufficiently active groups based on the weekly metabolic equivalent of task per the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.ResultsParticipants (Mean + SD age, 25.1 ± 3.4 years; body height, 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass, 72.6 ± 16.1 kg; females 47) performed an average of 33.0±5.4 30CST repetitions. The 30CST performance was negatively associated with 5xSTS (r=-0.79 p=0.01) and positively associated with LSUT performances (r=0.51, p=0.01) when using Pearson correlations. In addition, the sufficiently active group performed significantly greater 30CST repetitions than the insufficiently active group (mean difference = 2.5; p=0.04).ConclusionsIn addition to finding a reference value for 30CST performance in young adults, investigators found that the 30CST displayed concurrent and convergent validity in assessing functional lower extremity (LE) muscle strength and discriminated between those with sufficient and insufficient physical activity levels. Training and rehabilitation professionals could use the 30CST for testing functional LE muscle strength for athletes in pre-season or during rehabilitation. Future investigators should perform studies to determine if 30CST predicts sport performance.Level of EvidenceLevel 2     

Contribution of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Obesity Paradox

Until recently, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been overlooked as a potential modifier of the inverse association between obesity and mortality (the so-called obesity paradox), observed in patients with known or suspected cardiovascular (CV) disease. Evidence from five observational cohort studies of 30,104 patients (87% male) with CV disease indicates that CRF significantly alters the obesity paradox. There is general agreement across studies that the obesity paradox persists among patients with low CRF, regardless of whether adiposity is assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, or percentage body fat. However, among patients with high CRF, risk of all-cause mortality is lowest for the overweight category in some, but not all, studies, suggesting that higher levels of fitness may modify the relationship between body fatness and survival in patients manifesting an obesity paradox. Further study is needed to better characterize the joint contribution of CRF and obesity on mortality in diverse populations.     

射波刀验收检测方法及思考

介绍新一代四维放射外科治疗设备射波刀（Cyberknife）的组成、主要参数及检测方法。射波刀以其亚毫米级的治疗精度,机械臂6个方向的运动维度,较常规放疗设备具有较大优势。笔者通过对射波刀实际的验收检测,总结其验收方法,并结合实际情况引发对射波刀验收检测工作的思考。