自我角色认同护理在躁狂症护理中的应用效果分析

目的探讨自我角色认同护理在躁狂症中的应用效果。方法选取2017-2019年沈阳市铁西区精神卫生中心收治的成人躁狂症发作期患者50例,随机分为对照组和干预组各25例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组给予自我角色认同护理。分别采用激越行为量表和社交技能量表对两组的干预效果进行评价。结果干预后两组激越行为量表和社交技能评定目录量表各维度评分及总分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论自我角色认同护理能进一步改善躁狂症患者的激越行为和社交技能,值得临床推广应用。     

“四方联动”医疗卫生服务模式初探——以深圳市宝安区人民医院集团为例

深圳市长期以来一直沿用“院办院管”的社区卫生管理运作模式,但随着社康中心的发展,该模式的弊端逐渐显现。为推动医院院本部与下属社康中心深化合作,促进专科、全科高度融合发展,落实国家分级诊疗政策,宝安区人民医院集团创新探索“居民-社区-社区健康服务中心-医院(集团)”专病健康管理模式的四方联动,实现医院和社康中心共同管理患者,提高社区居民健康水平。通过对“四方联动”模式的概念、建设方案、实施效果进行介绍,为进一步完善“四方联动”发展模式提出政策建议。     

社科领域期刊作者贡献声明政策的调研与建议

【目的】 对国内外社科领域期刊作者贡献声明(Author Contribution Statement,ACS)政策进行调研,为国内社科领域期刊编辑部制定和完善ACS政策提供借鉴和参考。【方法】 调研国内外社科领域期刊网站上发布的ACS政策,调查内容包括:是否有ACS强制性要求及理由;提交ACS的时间与方式;ACS呈现形式;写作格式;ACS要素术语等。【结果】 在国外的17个社科领域内,都有期刊制定并实施了ACS,而ACS在我国社科期刊中没有得到普及。782种CSSCI收录的社科期刊中只有18种期刊有ACS政策,占比仅2.3%,涉及的领域包括中国文学、考古学、新闻学与传播学和图书馆、情报与文献学。国外期刊采用自由文本和采用CRediT受控词汇的期刊约各占一半。国内社科期刊都是采用自由文本表述形式,没有采用CRediT受控词汇表述方法。国内期刊ACS政策存在ACS表述较为简单、没有规定提交时间与方式、呈现形式不统一、写作格式不统一等问题,可从建立分层ACS政策、鼓励作者提交ACS,采用CRediT贡献分类法为基础规范表达ACS,与ORCID建立关联3个方面进行补充完善。【结论】 我国社科期刊很少制定实施ACS政策。建议社科期刊编辑部采用分层政策来推广实施ACS,采用规范的作者贡献要素术语,提高作者贡献的透明性和可获取性。     

Coping With Stress Through Texting: An Experimental Study

PurposeTexting is used by many adolescents and has the potential to improve well-being, as youth can reach out for support immediately after experiencing a stressful situation. Many studies have examined whether texting is associated with well-being, but few have used experimental designs, preventing causal claims.MethodsIn this experimental study, 130 adolescents (M_age = 12.41) participated with a same-gender friend whom they texted regularly. Both adolescents completed a task that elicited stress and then engaged in one of the following randomly assigned activities: texting their friend, watching a video on a cellphone (passive-phone condition), or sitting quietly (no activity condition). Participants reported their mood and stress levels after the stress task and again after the activity. Heart rate variability was measured throughout.ResultsParticipants who texted their friend reported higher moods (b = ?.80, standard error [SE] = .24, p < .001, η_p² = .09) and lower stress at the end of the study than those in the no activity condition (b = .51, SE = .25, p = .046, η_p² = .04) and higher moods than adolescents in the passive-phone condition (b = ?.74, SE = .25, p = .004, η_p² = .08). No differences were noted between the passive-phone and no activity conditions. There were no differences in heart rate variability between the three conditions. The effects of texting on mood, self-reported stress, and heart rate variability did not differ by gender.ConclusionsBoth boys and girls may benefit from texting a friend after experiencing a stressful event.     

A Cross-Country Network Analysis of Adolescent Resilience

PurposeIn situations of adversity, young people draw on individual, relational, and contextual (community and cultural) resources to foster their resilience. Recent literature defines resilience as a capacity that is underpinned by a network of interrelated resources. Although empirical studies show evidence of the value of a network approach, little is known regarding how different country contexts influence which resources are most critical within a resource network and how resources interact for adolescent resilience.MethodsNetwork analysis was conducted with data from studies that had used the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Regularized partial correlation networks of 17 resources were estimated for 14 countries (Botswana, Canada, China, Colombia, Equatorial Guinea, India, Indonesia, Italy, Jordan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, and Syrian refugees living in Jordan). The sample size was 18,914 (mean age = 15.70 years, 48.8% female).ResultsWe observed mostly positive associations between the resources of interest. The salience and strength of associations between resources varied by country. The most central resource across countries was having supportive caregivers during stressful times because this resource had the most and strongest positive associations with other resources.ConclusionsThis study gives first empirical evidence from multiple countries that an interplay of social–ecological resources (such as individual skills, peer, caregiver and community support, and educational aspirations and opportunities) matter for adolescent resilience. Across countries, caregiver support appears to be most central for adolescent resilience. Future resilience interventions might apply this network approach to identify important, contextually relevant resources that likely foster additional resources.     

Social Media Message Designs to Educate Adolescents About E-Cigarettes

PurposeE-cigarette use is increasing among adolescents, despite potential harms. Social media messages are a promising way to educate youth about e-cigarettes, yet little is known about what message topics and formats will have beneficial impacts for message reception, reach, e-cigarette knowledge, and beliefs about harms.MethodsA national convenience sample of adolescents (n = 928, aged 15–18 years) in high school was recruited for an online experiment. In October 2019, participants were randomized to view one of three social media formats (visual based, quiz, and text only) or a no-message control. Participants in format conditions viewed six unique topics in a random order. Outcomes were e-cigarette knowledge and beliefs. Message reactions and sharing preferences were also assessed among youth who saw social media messages.ResultsSocial media messages led to greater knowledge (Cohen's f = .19; p < .001) and beliefs (f = .16; p < .001) about harms of e-cigarettes compared with the control, regardless of format. Almost four in five adolescents (79%) reported they would share the social media messages, most likely in person (49%) and with friends (52%). Message topics for missing out because of lung damage, having uncontrolled moods, and ingesting specific harmful chemicals elicited higher intended message reactions.ConclusionsSocial media messages can educate about e-cigarette harms. Social media campaigns are a promising e-cigarette education strategy to reach youth, directly and potentially through peer-to-peer sharing.     

石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素研究

目的探讨石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病检出情况及影响因素。方法2021年9—12月采用整群随机抽样方法抽取石家庄市3个社区,对抽中社区的所有居民进行问卷调查和肺功能检查。利用描述流行病学方法分析社区人群慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病现状。应用单、多因素方法分析影响慢性阻塞性肺疾病发生的危险因素。结果共2348名居民完成问卷调查和肺功能检查,其中男1205人,占51.32%,女1143人,占48.68%,年龄31~76岁。共有146例检出慢性阻塞性肺疾病,检出率为6.22%,其中轻度69例,占47.26%,中度54例,占36.99%,重度23例,占15.75%,未检出极重度者。检出来的症状分布中,以咳嗽及咳痰的比例较高,分别为52.05%(76例)和49.32%(72例)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄≥40岁(OR=1.705、1.936)、男性(OR=3.404)、居住在农村(OR=2.469)、偶尔或经常吸烟(OR=1.592、1.800)、有职业粉尘接触史(OR=2.179)、有哮喘家族史(OR=3.164)、有慢性阻塞性肺疾病家族史(OR=5.170)、有呼吸道反复感染史(OR=3.414)是石家庄市居民慢性阻塞性肺病患病的影响因素。结论石家庄市居民的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况不容乐观,且危险因素众多。重点针对中老年、吸烟、农村、有各种相关家族史的男性高危人群开展早期筛查和采取针对性干预措施,有助于对居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病进行防控。     

“Together in a pressure cooker”: Parenting children with disabilities during the COVID-19 lockdown

BackgroundCOVID-19 has had a disproportionate and unprecedented impact on children with disabilities, their parents and families. This impact has been particularly evident during periods of lockdowns and severe restrictions.ObjectiveThis study employed the social model of disability to illuminate negative and positive experiences of Israeli parents of children with disabilities during the first COVID-19 lockdown, as well as the way social environments, particularly educational and welfare services, shape that experience.MethodsThe study draws upon thematic analysis of written responses of 80 Israeli parents to open-ended questions.ResultsThree main themes were found: (1) lack of responsiveness of both informal and formal supports to family needs, mainly in the educational and welfare systems; (2) juggling multiple roles and tasks along with the parents' routinely intensive caregiving role; and (3) the impact on the family's wellbeing and relationships.ConclusionThese results are discussed in light of the social model of disability, showing how social restrictions and barriers affect both negative and positive experiences of these families. Also discussed are practical implications for future crises.