中药药剂学剂型实验教学改革探讨

剂型实验是中药药剂学实验的核心内容,其教学模式和方法对培养新型中药人才意义重大。就剂型实验教学现状及如何提高剂型实验教学质量进行探讨,并结合教学实践经验,提出4项改革措施:①增加剂型设计实验;②引入新的实验教学方法;③开展剂型实验观摩教学;④重视设备的更新发展及操作使用。通过改革,将剂型实验教学工作向广度和深度推进,重视学生实践能力及创新能力的培养,取得了较好的教学效果。     

实验中医学教学方法初探

实验中医学,是运用现代科学技术和实验方法来进行中医药学理、法、方、药机理研究的一门基础学科。它是传统中医学与现代实验科学发展相结合的产物,全国中医院校陆续开设了这门功课,作为新生课程可以借鉴参考的教学方法很少。笔者从事实验中医学一线教学工作,文章归纳了两年来的教学经验和存在的现实问题。     

Skin delivery potency and antitumor activities of temozolomide ester prodrugs

Clinical trials have shown temozolomide to be an effective agent for treatment of malignant melanoma. In order to investigate its suitability for delivery via the skin, a series of temozolomide esters was synthesized as prodrugs. In vitro assays demonstrated temozolomide, temozolomide acid and the hexyl ester equi-effective against selected cancer cell lines. The susceptibility of the esters to enzyme hydrolysis and their effectiveness for application to the skin were investigated. The esters effectively diffuse through rat skin and the hexyl ester demonstrated profound potency for penetrating through skin. Topical application of 5% (w/v) hexyl ester in DMSO solution on a mouse model demonstrated a significant inhibition of tumor growth. These results suggest that temozolomide esters could be an effective alternative to temozolomide in the treatment of skin cancer.     

半夏泻心胶囊的制备工艺及药理作用

目的:研究半夏泻心汤由传统汤剂改制成胶囊剂的制备工艺条件及急性毒理试验.方法:①制备工艺:采用正交试验法.②急性毒理试验:设5个给药剂量组,组间距为0.75,给药剂量为成人日常常用药量的20倍.一次给药后,观察14 d.结果:进行最大耐受量测定.对小鼠的最大耐受量(MTD)为32 g/kg,小鼠的最大耐受量倍数为133.33.结论:动物急性试验初步表明:半夏泻心胶囊毒性甚小,临床应用安全可靠.     

青岛地区变应性鼻炎常见变应原调查分析

目的:探讨青岛地区变应性鼻炎常见变应原种类,对该病预防和免疫治疗提供依据。方法:选择856例变应性鼻炎患者作为研究对象,采用皮肤针刺试验确定变应原。结果:屋尘螨、粉尘螨阳性反应率较高,分别为59.5%和57.9%。结论:了解青岛地区变应原的分布情况,对本地区变应性鼻炎的免疫治疗及预防有指导意义。     

医学院校开设数学实验课程的认识与思考

开设数学实验课程,可以提高学生应用数学的意识和创新能力。本文论述了开设数学实验课的必要性,介绍了数学实验课程教学的指导思想、基本原则和应当具备的条件。     

护理干预对外周置入中心静脉导管置管术后术肢局部皮肤过敏疗效的探讨

目的探讨护理干预对外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管术后术肢局部皮肤过敏治疗效果。方法对我院乳腺肿瘤中心2002年1月至2005年12月共68例置管术后术肢局部皮肤过敏患者随机分为两组,其中观察组36例,对照组32例。对照组采取常规抗过敏治疗,观察组在常规抗过敏治疗基础上实施心理护理、对症护理、饮食指导和卫生宣教。结果观察组的问卷调查舒适度、拔管率及总体疗效均显著优于对照组。结论护理干预对PICC置管术后术肢局部皮肤过敏治疗具有显著有效的效果。     

1例Merkel细胞癌患者的治疗及护理

我们于工作中接触1例Merkel细胞癌患者，Merkel细胞癌是一种罕见的皮肤神经内分泌肿瘤，主要表现为全身多发性肿物，瘙痒较重，对患者生理及心理均产生较大的影响，通过对患者全身化疗及综合护理，取得较好的效果。     

The facial skin lesions “see and treat” clinic: a prospective study

Facial lesions are commonly referred to ear, nose and throat surgeons. Almost all are amenable to excision under local anaesthetic as a day case. However, in the UK, there is still a significant delay between referral by the general practitioner (GP) and final surgery. To address this delay, a one stop see and treat consultant led clinic was set up in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the one stop clinic on waiting times and to ascertain the satisfaction of patients with the treatment they received in this clinic. Patients with facial skin lesions were referred by the GPs to the ENT department in the usual manner. The referral letters were screened by two consultants, the appointments were booked by telephone and the patients were seen and treated in a single visit. The clinics were held in a minor surgery unit of a centrally located GP practice. Patients were seen, assessed and if the facial lesion was considered amenable to excision under local anaesthetic, the patient was consented and the procedures carried out immediately. The clinic was audited over a 1 year period. Waiting times were compared before and after the start of the project. Patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire immediately after surgery. The attendance rate was 96%. The waiting time was reduced from 121 to 47 days. Patients rated the clinic experience as excellent (88%) or good (12%) indicating a very high satisfaction rate. During the study period, 160 lesions were excised of which 22% were malignant. Patients with malignant lesions did not show any sign of recurrence at a follow up of 9 months, except in one case with basal cell carcinoma. This was operated on and removed completely. Our project shows that the aims of reducing waiting times and improving patient care were achieved with this community model of a one stop facial lesions clinic. This clinic is now an integral part of the service provided by the ear, nose and throat department at Ipswich hospital, UK.     

小儿平喘配方颗粒与煎剂颗粒的抗炎作用比较

目的对比研究小儿平喘配方颗粒与煎剂颗粒两种剂型药物的抗炎作用。方法采用二甲苯小鼠耳肿胀、大鼠角叉菜胶足肿胀和棉球肉芽肿3种模型,观察小儿平喘配方颗粒与煎剂颗粒的抗炎作用,并进行比较。结果小儿平喘配方颗粒对小鼠的耳肿胀有明显的抑制作用,而其煎剂颗粒未见显著作用;小儿平喘配方颗粒、煎剂颗粒对大鼠的足跖肿胀均有不同程度的抑制作用;小儿平喘配方颗粒可显著抑制棉球肉芽肿形成,而其煎剂颗粒作用不显著。结论小儿平喘配方颗粒与煎剂颗粒均有明显的抗炎作用,而且在部分试验中,小儿平喘配方颗粒的抗炎作用优于煎剂颗粒。