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31.
A peer tutorial programme which is available to all first- and second-year medical students has been in operation at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine since 1972. A retrospective study of the classes of 1982, 1983 and 1984 was undertaken to assess the participation levels in the tutorial programme and to compare the participation level to available performance parameters. The analysis revealed that 54% of the first-year classes and 22% of the second-year classes participated in the peer tutorial programme. X2 analysis of the data demonstrated that the relationship between participation in the tutorial programme and performance on examinations reached statistical significance. The results suggested that an open peer tutorial programme responded to the needs, both cognitive and affective, of medical students. 相似文献
32.
This paper describes a teaching programme for final- (sixth-) year undergraduate medical students during their 10-week term in child health. Students attend schools on two occasions and are actively involved in the physical, educational and emotional assessment of children. The advantages of the programme include active participation by the students, contact with children in a less threatening environment, learning new skills in the assessment of children, and knowledge of common screening procedures. Student evaluation of the programme has been positive. 相似文献
33.
Enhanced stimulus-reward learning by intra-amygdala administration of a D3 dopamine receptor agonist
The amygdala is considered to be a critical neural substrate underlying the formation of stimulus-reward associations, and
is known to receive substantial innervation from dopaminergic neurons located within the ventral mesencephalon. However, relat-
ively little is known about the function of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in stimulus-reward learning. Recently,
we have found post-session intra-amygdala microinjections of d-amphetamine to enhance appetitive Pavlovian conditioning as assessed in a discriminative approach task. In the present study,
we have examined the effects of dopamine receptor agonists possessing relative selectivity for the D1, D2 and D3 receptor subtypes in order to examine more fully the role of the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection in stimulus-reward learning.
Thus, subjects were trained to associate an initially neutral stimulus (CS+) with 10% sucrose reward (US). A second, control stimulus (CS−) was also presented but never paired with sucrose reward. In order to measure specifically the conditioned response to CS+/CS− presentation, responding during CS and US presentations was measured separately. Immediately following each training session,
subjects received bilateral intra-amygdala infusion of 0.1, 1 or 10 nmol/side of SKF-38393, quinpirole or 7-OH-DPAT. Infusions
of SKF-38393 or quinpirole were without effect on CS+ approach. However, post-session intra-amygdala infusions of 7-OH-DPAT enhanced selectively CS+ approach in a dose-dependent fashion. No dose of any drug affected CS−approach, US behaviours, or measures of extraneous behaviour. Subsequent acquisition of a novel conditioned instrumental response
was also unaffected. Thus, the present data indicate a selective involvement of the D3 dopamine receptor subtype in the modulation of stimulus-reward learning by the mesoamygdaloid dopamine projection.
Received: 12 December 1996 / Final version: 9 April 1997 相似文献
34.
Background: Laparoscopic stapling was found to be a viable option for attaching epimysial electrodes onto the abdominal surface of the
diaphragm. Stapling was preferable to suturing due to its simplicity and speed.
Methods: Of the two staplers tested in this study, the Ethicon Endopath was preferred over the Autosuture Endo Hernia because the
staples did not penetrate the diaphragm when an electrode tab thickness greater than 0.75 mm was used.
Results: The thickness of the electrode tab was an important factor in determining staple penetration but large variation in penetration
depth indicated that other factors may also play a role. An electrode tab thickness of 1.0–1.25 mm was suggested to minimize
the risk of diaphragm perforation.
Conclusions: The histological reaction to staples implanted up to 14 months was unremarkable, reflecting the safety of laparoscopic staples
for permanently anchoring electrodes on the diaphragm.
Received: 2 April 1996/Accepted: 12 June 1996 相似文献
35.
A transcrista galli, translamina terminalis approach for highly placed basilar bifurcation aneurysms
Summary Surgery for highly placed basilar bifurcation aneurysms is one of the most difficult operations in neurosurgery. Specific surgical techniques have been developed including the temporopolar, zygomatic, transzygomatic subtemporal, transclinoid trans-sellar transcavernous, and trans third ventricular approaches. The authors present some technical advances which have been developed for the transcristagalli translamina terminalis approach for the treatment of this aneurysm. 相似文献
36.
谈多媒体教学在医学理论课教学中的问题及措施 总被引:28,自引:3,他引:25
多媒体技术在教育领域的应用,促进了教育教学理念和方式的变革。然而,通过调查,在医学理论课多媒体教学中出现了一些问题,寻找解决问题的出路,是促进多媒体教学不断成熟和完善,提高现代化教学手段质量的最佳途径。 相似文献
37.
This paper examines the use of videotape simulation as a research method for the exploration of clinical problem-solving, the challenges posed and the strategies employed to overcome the difficulties encountered are discussed. The simulation forms part of a larger comparative study of outcomes of pre-registration nurse education programmes, commissioned by the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting. 相似文献
38.
扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔的应用显微解剖 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的为临床开展扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔手术提供解剖学依据。方法用50例成人头颅标本.在显微镜下对蝶窦外侧壁、蝶鞍、海绵窦及周围结构进行解剖学观察并测量。模拟扩大经蝶入路磨除海绵窦腹侧骨质,切开海绵窦内侧壁,显露海绵窦内侧腔。结果颈内动脉(ICA)明显隆起于蝶窦侧壁的占58%,蝶窦内隆起呈管型占3%。鞍底硬膜分为2层,海绵窦内侧壁的上部南垂体硬膜构成,无骨性结构支撑;下部由骨周硬膜构成,有蝶窦侧壁骨质支撑。两侧海绵窦内侧壁的距离为(14.8±2.7)mm。海绵窦内侧腔位于C4段ICA与垂体之间,腔内为丰富的静脉丛,最宽可达7mm,但常因ICA扭曲而闭塞。无颅神经穿越海绵窦内侧腔,ICA是扩大经蝶入路探查海绵窦遇到的第一个主要结构。结论扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔是安全可行的。 相似文献
39.
论网络化时代电视教材的重要性 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
郭玉军 《中国医学教育技术》2003,17(2):70-72
针对教学实践中重视计算机辅助教学忽视电视教材的倾向,本文通过对网络时代中电视教材的作用和地位的分析,阐述了加强计算机辅助教学的必要性和加强电视教材制作及应用的重要性以及二者间的关系。 相似文献
40.
The acromioclavicular joint is a potential source of pain in the shoulder. There are a variety of disorders that can affect this joint, including distal clavicle osteolysis, posttraumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Nonoperative treatment for this condition with nonsteroidal medication and activity modification can alleviate the pain. When conservative treatment is exhausted, surgical resection of the distal clavicle is often necessary. Arthroscopic resection of the distal clavicle preserves the acromioclavicular ligaments to prevent postoperative distal clavicle instability. The procedure is performed in either the beach chair or lateral position and requires the use of a shaver, electrocautery, and a burr for soft tissue and debridement and bone resection. 相似文献