温度敏感原位凝胶中药物的扩散行为温度敏感原位凝胶中药物的扩散行为

环境敏感凝胶对外界物理或化学条件的微小变化发生响应的性质在药物控制释放领域得到广泛应用.原位凝胶(in situ gel)是指高分子材料的溶液因温度[1,2]、离子强度[3]或pH[4]的改变而在用药部位发生相转变,形成的半固体制剂.由于完美地融合了液体与凝胶制剂的优点,该药物传递系统近年来已逐步发展成为环境敏感凝胶最受瞩目的分支.     

从两株微小亚历山大藻中分离纯化膝沟藻毒素

目的从两株微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum Halim)中分离纯化膝沟藻毒素(Gonyautoxins).方法用胶滤层析、离子交换层析等方法从人工培养的两株微小亚历山大藻酸酒精萃取物中分离纯化膝沟藻毒素,再用HPLC法对毒素进行定性定量测定.结果从两株藻株培养液中均分离得到膝沟藻毒素GTX-4,GTX-1,GTX-3,GTX-2,其中Amtk4藻株的毒素含量为Amtk2的近10倍.结论微小亚历山大藻Amtk4藻株适于制备膝沟藻毒素.     

Tissue engineered artificial skin composed of dermis and epidermis

Abstract: We made an artificial skin comprised of a stratified layer of keratinocytes and a dermal matrix with a type I collagen containing fibroblasts. In this work, we showed keratinocyte behavior under primary culture, gel contractions varying with concentration of collagen solution, and cell growth plots in the collagen gel. The optimum behavior of dermal equivalent could be obtained using 3.0 mg/ml collagen solution and attached gel culture. The attached gel culture had a jumping effect of growth factor on cell growth at the lag phase. To develop the artificial skin, 1× 10⁵ cells/cm² of keratinocytes were cultured on the dermal equivalent at air-liquid interface. Finally, to overcome the problem that artificial skin of collagen gel was torn easily during suturing of grafting, we prepared histocompatible collagen mesh and attached the mesh to the bottom of the gel. Cultured artificial skins were successfully grafted onto rats.     

三种手段联合应用治疗瘢痕疙瘩的疗效观察

目的 探索治疗瘢痕疙瘩的有效方法，消除临床症状，杜绝或减少术后复发。方法 采用CO2激光清除瘢痕疙瘩。创面湿敷丹参溶液2-3周，待创面基底完全上皮化后继续在创面基底和边缘定期注射丹参注射液2-3月，同时整日敷贴硅凝胶6月。结果 治疗结束后随访1～2年，24例43块瘢痕疙瘩治愈率60．47％，显效率27．91％，总有效率88．37％。达到较满意的临床效果。结论 此方法操作简便，疗效确切，未发现副反应，但仅适合局限的瘢痕疙瘩的治疗。对面积超过15cm^2瘢痕疙瘩并未涉及。     

Molecular epidemiological evidence for ascending urethral infection in acute bacterial prostatitis

PURPOSE: To test the ascending urethral infection in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis, we assessed the clonality of Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine and rectal swab of patients with acute bacterial prostatitis using molecular typing methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 E. coli strains each isolated from urine and rectal swabs of 9 men with acute bacterial prostatitis at diagnosis were examined for 6 urovirulence determinant profiles and pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns. In 1 case E. coli isolates from the rectal swab of the patient's wife were also examined at diagnosis and after 5 weeks. RESULTS: The urovirulence profile and pulsed field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that causative E. coli was monoclonal in each case, and present in the rectal swab as a predominant (96% to 100%) fecal clone in 2 and a minority clone (2% to 8%) in 4. Furthermore, causative E. coli dominated in the rectal swab of the 1 patient's wife. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with the ascending route of infection in acute bacterial prostatitis. However, causative E. coli might possibly originate from either intestinal reservoir of the host or household member. Owing to limitations of the cross-sectional design of this study, longitudinal studies are necessary to establish the ascending route of infection in this disease.     

唯地息眼凝胶剂治疗兔芥子气角膜损伤

目的:观察唯地息眼凝胶剂对兔芥子气角膜上皮损伤的治疗作用。方法:新西兰白兔8只,用200μL/L液态芥子气致伤双眼角膜5min,左眼为治疗组,用唯地息眼凝胶剂点眼,4次/d,右眼为对照组,用2.5g/L氯霉素眼液滴眼,4次/d,分别于染毒后2,8,16,24,36,48和72h对角膜荧光素着色区拍照,计算其上皮愈合速率和上皮破损率。结果:治疗组和对照组的角膜上皮愈合速率分别为(1.15±0.19)mm2/h和(1.03±0.12)mm2/h,两者有显著差异(P<0.05),角膜上皮破损率分别为44.4%和54.2%,两者差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:唯地息眼凝胶剂能促进芥子气染毒引起的兔眼角膜损伤的上皮愈合,也能减少角膜上皮反复破损。     

83例硅油取出时机及并发症的临床分析

目的 分析硅油充填的时间与视网膜复位的关系及硅油在眼内存留时间和硅油并发症产生的关系。方法 回顾分析83例(83只眼)行硅油取出术患者的临床资料及随访记录。结果 行硅油取出的时间为3～13个月，平均8个月。在无发生硅油相关的并发症的条件下，78例在取出硅油之后，视力无明显改变或稍有提高。角膜变性的病例，在硅油取出之后，其混浊情况无明显改变。11例青光眼在硅油取出之后眼压恢复正常者8例，5例在硅油取出之发生了复发性视网膜脱离。结论 硅油取出的最佳时机是3～6个月。硅油取出可以缓解硅油并发症的发展。硅油取出术的并发症主要为复发性视网膜脱离、脉络膜出血、脉络膜脱离、视网膜出血及低眼压。     

玻璃体切割手术对角膜内皮细胞的影响

目的 观察玻璃体切割手术对角膜内皮细胞影响的相关因素。 方法 回顾分析21 3例玻璃体切割手术患者213只眼手术前及手术后1周、1、3个月时角膜内皮镜检查结果。其中单纯玻璃体切割手术78只眼，玻璃体切割手术联合白内障摘除手术135只眼；硅油填充34只眼，C³F⁸填充53只眼，无眼内填充物者126只眼。 结果 单纯玻璃体切割组、玻璃体切割联合白内障摘除后囊完整组手术前后不同时期角膜内皮细胞数差异无显著性的意义（P均>0.05）；无后囊且眼内填充C³F⁸或硅油组手术后较手术前角膜内皮细胞数明显减少，其差异有显著性的意义（P<0.05）。 结论 玻璃体切割联合白内障摘除且晶状体后囊不完整者，眼内填充C³F⁸或硅油对角膜内皮细胞有一定的损伤作用。（中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：101-103）     

硅油残留致继发性青光眼的处理

目的　探讨硅油残留继发青光眼的临床特点和处理方法。方法　对 19例 ( 19眼 )硅油取出术后由于硅油残留继发青光眼的患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析 ,对其中 14例进行前房冲洗术。结果　 19例硅油取出术后眼压升高出现于平均术后 7 8± 2 7天 ,眼压平均为 3 7 2± 6 4mmHg ,19例均可见前房或房角硅油小滴或乳化硅油 ,14例前房冲洗术后平均眼压为 18± 4 11mmHg ,与术前相比眼压下降有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　前房残留的硅油小滴或乳化硅油是硅油取出术后高眼压的主要原因 ,前房冲洗术是安全有效的处理方法     

硅油支持眼的人工虹膜膈植入

目的 总结硅油支持眼的人工虹膜膈植入的临床效果。方法 回顾性研究11例硅油支持眼人工虹膜膈植入手术适应症，手术效果及手术并发症。结果 11例人工虹膜膈植入眼原发眼病中，7例(7／11，64％)为严重外伤眼，2例(2／11，18％)为增埴期糖尿病性视网膜病变合并牵引性视网膜脱离眼，1例(1／11，9％)为严重PVR后复发性视网膜脱离眼，1例(1／11。9％)为Coats病眼；7例(／11，64％)人工虹膜膈有效地防止了硅油接触角膜，11例人工虹膜膈植入眼。均未引起视力的进一步下降；其手术后并发症主要为低眼压和人工虹膜膈表面的纤维膜形成。结论 硅油支持眼的开放性人工虹膜膈植入可通过自然隔断，建立房水循环来维持眼压，有效地防止硅油接触角膜引起并发症。