中药升降胶囊对大鼠胃排空的影响

[目的]观察中药升降胶囊对大鼠胃排空的影响,并从红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和血浆胃动素(Mot)、生长抑素(SS)方面探讨其作用机制。[方法]将8周龄的SD大鼠随机分成B组(升降胶囊高剂量组),C组(升降胶囊低剂量组),D组(枳壳白术组),A组(正常对照组)和E组(西沙比利组)。用药10d后用同位素法检测其胃排空功能,微量羟胺法检测其红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,放免法检测其血浆Mot和SS。[结果]B、C、D组30min胃排空率分别为(51.44±6.38)%、(40.82±7.24)%和(40.22±7.16%,均高于八组的(33.18±6.32)%;3组红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶活性、MOT和SS分别为:B组(0.856±0.128)μmol/h,(124.26±25.94)ng/L和(39.42±7.%)ng/L,C组(0.726±0.164)μmol/h,(119.86±29.38)ng/L和(38.33±7.64)ng/L,均高于A组的(0.576 ± 0.150)μmol/h,(91.28±26.84)ng/L和(28.22±7.68)ng/L。[结论]升降胶囊可促进胃排空,其机制可能与增强胆碱能神经功能及提高血浆Mot和SS水平有关。     

川芎嗪对家兔血管内皮细胞修复的影响

【目的】观察川芎嗪对血管损伤后内皮细胞修复的作用 ,探讨其作用机理与环节 ,为显微血管外科提供新的用药依据。【方法】新西兰大耳白兔 2 4只 ,行右侧股动脉切断后即刻端端吻合造模 ,术后随机分成川芎嗪治疗组、肝素治疗组及空白对照组予处理 ,术后 1、 3、 7、 14d分别切取大白兔吻合段动脉 ,作电镜扫描检测 ,观察内皮细胞的生长情况并作组间比较。【结果】在促进血管吻合术后血管内皮细胞的修复 ,促进血流通畅方面川芎嗪组与肝素组相当 (P >0 .0 5) ,两者均优于空白组 (P <0 .0 5)。【结论】川芎嗪能促进血管损伤后内皮细胞的修复 ,在显微血管外科具有肯定的使用价值。     

活血化瘀开窍法对大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织NOS及自由基的影响

目的：研究活血化瘀开窍法对脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠脑组织一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）及自由基的影响。方法：48组大鼠随机分为6组,脑醒冲剂高,中,低剂量组,尼莫通组,模型组,假手术组,分别测定NOS,LPO,SOD,GSH－Px,并作统计学处理。结果：活血化瘀开窍中药能适度提升脑组织NOS浓度,并能提高SOD,GSH－Px的的活性,降低LPO水平（与模型组比较,P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。结论：活血化瘀方药对大鼠急性缺血再灌注脑损伤具有保护作用。     

心导管术后的外周血管并发症及其处理

目的 探讨心导管术后的外周血管并发症的发生原因、临床表现和处理方法。方法 对心导管术后有外周血管并发症的患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 本院1996年1月-2000年1月共完成各类心导管术508例,发现外周血管并发症28例（5.5%),其中局部血肿22例,假性动脉瘤1例,动脉静瘘1例,静脉血栓形成2例,动脉血栓形成1例,股神经功能障碍1例。所有并发症经内科保守治疗后均好转。结论 心导管术后外周血管并发症不可忽视。但只要及时处理。绝大多数预后良好。     

阿斯匹林对胃癌细胞株SGC-7901的细胞毒作用及体外增效作用

目的：观察阿斯匹林（ASA）对胃癌细胞株SGC－7901的细胞毒作用以及联用其它抗肿瘤药的增效作用。方法：应用流式细胞仪（FCM）测定细胞周期,噻唑蓝（MTT）法测定药物细胞的抑制率。结果：MTT显示体外ASA对SGC－7901有细胞毒作用,与ASA的浓度和作用时间有显著的相关性。同时可使SGC－7901细胞周期中S期及G2／M期比例升高,G1期比例下降,呈一定的剂量效应关系。低浓度ASA与5－氟脲噻啶（5－Fu)、阿霉素（DOX）和丝列霉素（MMC）合用,可增强它们对SGC－7901的杀伤作用,与各药物有相加或协同作用。结论：ASA体外对SGC－7901有细胞毒作用,可明显阻断SGC－7901细胞在S期和G2／M期;增强上述药物对SGC－7901的杀伤作用。鉴于所试药物对细胞周期的影响不同,提示ASA的体外增效作用可能与此相关。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇滴眼地兔眼部炎症作用的研究

目的：研究酮咯酸氨丁三醇滴眼液（KTOS）对家兔化学性及外伤性眼部炎症的作用。方法：用巴豆油致炎液经角膜注入眼前房法制备兔眼部急性化学炎症模型;用重物击打眼睑法制备兔眼部急性外伤性炎症模型。将致炎后的动物随机分组给药,并参照眼部炎症评判标准进行评分统计。结果：各KTOS剂量组对外伤性和化学性眼部炎症作用的评分均低于生理盐水组;小剂量KTOS虽有作用,但无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而中、大剂量KTOS均有明显改善外伤性和化学性眼部炎症的作用（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）;其中对化学性眼部炎症的作用与地塞米松作用相似,对外伤性眼部炎症的作用优于地塞米松。结论：KTOS对外伤性和化学性眼部炎症均有明显的抗炎作用,对外伤性眼部炎症的抗炎作用更强。     

A paradoxical decline in semen parameters in men treated with clomiphene citrate: A systematic review

Clomiphene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has been utilised in managing male sub-fertility since 1967. Numerous controlled and uncontrolled studies have been published regarding the efficacy of clomiphene citrate in male sub-fertility cohorts. Although the primary intention of treating men with clomiphene citrate is to improve sperm parameters and testosterone levels, some studies have reported paradoxical decline in semen parameters. The information available on decline in sperm parameters following treatment with clomiphene is sparse. We conducted a systemic review using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases for original studies reporting adverse effects of clomiphene citrate therapy on sperm parameters. This systematic review includes 384 men from 11 different studies that reported adverse effects of clomiphene citrate therapy. Of the men included in these studies, 19%, 21%, 17% and 24% of clomiphene-treated men demonstrated a decrease in sperm count, concentration, motility and total motile sperm count respectively. In up to 17% of patients, deterioration of semen parameters did not recover following discontinuation of therapy. In the future, more studies should report on this aspect so the magnitude of this effect can be more clearly understood.     

Intraosseous Regional Administration of Vancomycin in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Increase the Risk of Vancomycin-Associated Complications

BackgroundPeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a rare but major complication. Owing to an increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria causing PJI, vancomycin has been investigated as a prophylactic agent. Intraosseous regional administration (IORA) of vancomycin achieves significantly higher local tissue concentrations than systemic administration. There are limited data on IORA of vancomycin with respect to vancomycin-associated complications.MethodsSingle-surgeon retrospective review of primary TKA was performed between January 2015 and May 2019. All patients received 500 mg of IORA of vancomycin after tourniquet inflation and 3 × 1 g intravenous cefazolin in 24 hrs. Preoperative data collected included age, gender, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We documented in-hospital complications and complications requiring readmission within 12 months. Primary outcome measures were the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), ‘red man syndrome’ (RMS), and neutropenia. The secondary outcome measure was PJI incidence.ResultsWe identified 631 primary TKAs in 556 patients, of which 331 received IORA. The mean age was 67.7 ± 8.7 years, and 57.8% were women. CKD was prevalent in 17.2% of the cohort. AKI occurred in 25 (3.9%) cases. After controlling for covariates, CKD was the only significant predictor of AKI (odds ratio = 3.035, P = .023). RMS and neutropenia were not observed in this cohort. The 90-day PJI rate was 0%, and the 1-year PJI rate was 0.2%.ConclusionsLow-dose IORA of vancomycin in addition to standard intravenous systemic cefazolin prophylaxis in TKA is safe without significant adverse effects of vancomycin such as AKI, RMS, or neutropenia.     

Short- and long-term impact of neutropenia within the first year after kidney transplantation

The aim of this retrospective single-center study was to investigate the short- and long-term impact of neutropenia occurring within the first year after kidney transplantation, with a special emphasis on different neutropenia grades. In this unselected cohort, 225/721 patients (31%) developed 357 neutropenic episodes within the first year post-transplant. Based on the nadir neutrophil count, patients were grouped as neutropenia grade 2 (<1.5–1.0*10⁹/l; n = 105), grade 3 (<1.0–0.5*10⁹/l; n = 65), and grade 4 (<0.5*10⁹/l; n = 55). Most neutropenia episodes were presumably drug-related (71%) and managed by reduction/discontinuation of potentially responsible drugs (mycophenolic acid [MPA] 51%, valganciclovir 25%, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 19%). Steroids were added/increased as replacement for reduced/discontinued MPA. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was only used in 2/357 neutropenia episodes (0.6%). One-year incidence of (sub)clinical rejection, one-year mortality, and long-term patient and graft survival were not different among patients without neutropenia and neutropenia grade 2/3/4. However, the incidence of infections was about 3-times higher during neutropenia grade 3 and 4, but not increased during grade 2. In conclusion, neutropenia within the first year after kidney transplantation represents no increased risk for rejection and has no negative impact on long-term patient and graft survival. Adding/increasing steroids as replacement for reduced/discontinued MPA might supplement management of neutropenia.     

Eribulin combined with radiation therapy in a young patient re-irradiated for a new lesion of breast cancer

Eribulin is widely used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, with a manageable toxicity profile. This aggressive disease often requires systemic and local treatments, comprising surgery or radiotherapy. However, eribulin is usually discontinued during radiation therapy due to the lack of data concerning the safety of this combination, especially in the setting of repeat locoregional radiation therapy. Our patient was diagnosed with ER positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast initially treated by surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. She then received various lines of chemotherapy for multiple triple-negative relapses in the left axillary region. Since October 2020, she has been treated by eribulin. In order to improve local control, it was decided to add local radiation therapy to the region of recurrence in addition to systemic therapy. She underwent radiation therapy concomitantly with eribulin from February to March 2021. Treatment was very well tolerated, and no acute toxicity was reported. This is the first published case of repeat locoregional radiation therapy in combination with eribulin.