经典名方中芡实的本草考证

通过查阅古代相关本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,对经典名方中所用芡实的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工与炮制方法等进行了系统梳理并考证。结果表明芡实最早以“鸡头实”之名被本草收载,自明代以来以“芡实”为正名并延续至今,另有“雁喙实”等别名;历代所用基原古今一致,为睡莲科植物芡Euryale ferox,然因长期的人工驯化,致使品种随产地的不同而不同,有北芡、苏芡之分;芡实入药部位为成熟种仁;古代著录的产地主要有山东、江苏、河南等地,自明清以来推崇苏州所产的苏芡;近代以来逐步总结形成芡实以颗粒饱满、断面白色、粉性足、无碎末者为佳的性状品质评价方法;历代采收时间主要为“八月”或“逢秋采实”;历代炮制方法主要有去皮作粉、蒸后舂粉、晒干、炒等,延续至今形成了净制、炒制两大主流炮制方法。基于考证结果,建议经典名方易黄汤中芡实选用芡E. ferox成熟种仁,结合原方炮制要求,建议参考现行版《中华人民共和国药典》炮制通则中清炒法炮制。     

Potential of Malawi's medicinal plants in Covid-19 disease management: A review

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered an international pandemic that has led to significant public health problems. To date, limited evidence exists to suggest that drugs are effective against the disease. As possible treatments are being investigated, herbal medicines have shown potential for producing novel antiviral agents for the COVID-19 disease.AimThis review explored the potential of Malawi''s traditional medicinal plants for the management of COVID-19.MethodsThe authors searched on PubMed and Google scholar for medicinal plants that are used in Malawi and published in openly available peer reviewed journals. Plants linked with antiviral treatment, anti-COVID-19 activity or COVID-19 symptoms management were targeted. These included activity against pneumonia, inflammation, cough, difficulty in breathing, pain/aches, fever, diarrhoea, rheumatism, fatigue, asthma, immunocompromised and cardiovascular diseases.Results11 studies were found with 306 plant species. 127 plant species had at least one COVID-19 related pharmacological activity. Of these plant species, the number of herbal entities used for each indication was: pain/aches (87), fever (2), pneumonia (9), breathing/asthma problems (5), coughing (11), diarrhoea (1), immunosuppression (8), blood issues (10), fatigue (2), heart problems (11), inflammation (8), rheumatism (10) and viral diseases (12). Thirty (30) species were used for more than one disease and Azedarachta indica topped the list (6 of the 13 COVID-19 related diseases). The majority of the species had phytochemicals known to have antiviral activity or mechanisms of actions linked to COVID-19 and consequent diseases'' treatment pathways.ConclusionMedicinal plants are a promising source of compounds that can be used for drug development of COVID-19 related diseases. This review highlights potential targets for the World Health Organization and other research entities to explore in order to assist in controlling the pandemic.     

Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Diabetes has become a global public health problem and danger to human health. Diabetes is the main cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke, and lower limb amputation. According to the latest epidemiological survey and research, the overall prevalence of diabetes in mainland China is 11.2%, of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine have been widely used in the treatment of T2DM. However, we have not found a meta-analysis of their synergistic effects. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of T2DM.Method:From inception up to September 20, 2021, the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases will be searched. The publication date or language will not be limited. We will apply a combination of medical keywords, including “acupuncture”, “Chinese herbal medicine”, and “type 2 diabetes mellitus”. We will also check other ongoing and unpublished studies in the clinical trial registry. At the same time, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews to find other eligible studies. We will use Review Manager software (REVMAN v5.3 Cochrane Collaboration) to meta-analyze the selected literature. The study for acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of T2DM was a randomized controlled study. Two researchers will independently review the research selection, data extraction, and research quality assessments. Finally, we will observe the outcome measures.Results:This study will generate evidence-based data on the treatment of T2DM with acupuncture combined with Chinese herbal medicine and will provide new ideas and treatment modalities to investigate in future research.     

咳喘平与病毒唑联合应用体外对呼吸道合胞病毒抑制作用的研究

目的了解咳喘平、病毒唑及二者联合应用时对呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)的体外抑制作用。方法观察不同药物浓度下RSV对Hep-2细胞的致病作用。结果病毒唑完全抑制RSV复制的最小浓度为7·8μg/ml,咳喘平为13·75mg/ml,两药联合应用时,病毒唑和咳喘平完全抑制RSV的最小浓度分别减少到1·95μg/ml和3·44mg/ml,比单独用药浓度降低了4倍。结论两种药物对RSV都有体外抑制作用,联合应用时效果最强。     

The Changes in Endogenous Metabolites in Hyperlipidemic Rats Treated with Herbal Mixture Containing Lemon,Apple Cider,Garlic, Ginger,and Honey

An herbal mixture composed of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey as a polyphenol-rich mixture (PRM) has been reported to contain hypolipidemic activity on human subjects and hyperlipidemic rats. However, the therapeutic effects of PRM on metabolites are not clearly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to provide new information on the causal impact of PRM on the endogenous metabolites, pathways and serum biochemistry. Serum samples of hyperlipidemic rats treated with PRM were subjected to biochemistry (lipid and liver profile) and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA enzyme reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) analyses. In contrast, the urine samples were subjected to urine metabolomics using ¹H NMR. The serum biochemistry revealed that PRM at 500 mg/kg (PRM-H) managed to lower the total cholesterol level and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (p < 0.05) and reduce the HMG-CoA reductase activity. The pathway analysis from urine metabolomics reveals that PRM-H altered 17 pathways, with the TCA cycle having the highest impact (0.26). Results also showed the relationship between the serum biochemistry of LDL-C and HMG-CoA reductase and urine metabolites (trimethylamine-N-oxide, dimethylglycine, allantoin and succinate). The study’s findings demonstrated the potential of PRM at 500 mg/kg as an anti-hyperlipidemic by altering the TCA cycle, inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and lowering the LDL-C in high cholesterol rats.     

湿热熨法用于混合痔术后的临床疗效观察

[目的]观察湿热熨法用于混合痔术后的临床疗效,初步评价湿热熨法的有效性及安全性。[方法]将72例混合痔术后患者随机分为湿热熨法组及常规组,每组各36例,术后分别使用湿热熨法及常规熏洗坐浴法进行治疗。于手术当天及术后第3、7、10天观察两组患者手术切口疼痛、肛缘水肿、出血及渗出情况并记录症状积分;于手术当天及术后第7、10天测量并记录创面面积,并对两组创面面积、愈合率、愈合天数进行比较。[结果]术后第7、10天湿热熨法组患者术后疼痛、出血、水肿、渗液等并发症方面显著优于常规组(P0.05),湿热熨法组患者术后愈合天数明显短于常规组(P=0.003)。[结论]与熏洗坐浴法比较,湿热熨法能更有效地减轻混合痔患者术后切口疼痛、肛缘水肿、出血及渗出,且能显著缩短创面愈合时间,无不良反应,安全性高。     

中药离子导入配合药物治疗小儿支气管肺炎疗效观察

目的观察中药离子导入配合药物治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效。方法将164例肺炎患者随机分为两组,治疗组在常规药物治疗基础上加电脑中频药物导入治疗,对照组采用常规药物治疗,进行疗效比较。结果治疗组总有效率明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论中药离子导入配合药物治疗小儿支气管肺炎有显著疗效。     

择时定喘膏穴位贴敷治疗小儿咳喘疗效观察

目的观察择时定喘膏穴位贴敷治疗小儿咳喘的疗效。方法将120例住院患者随机分为四组,时间选择在三伏、冬至当日穴位贴药（A组）,时间选择在三伏穴位贴药（B组）,时间选择在冬至当日（C组）,不择时间（D组）。观察四组患者治疗前后的症状、体征,计算各组总显效率、有效率,并做统计学处理,比较其疗效。结果四组之间总有效率和显效率相互比较,依次为A组〉B组〉C组〉D组,其中A组、B组疗效最为明显。结论夏季三伏中药定喘膏穴位贴敷能有效地预防咳喘和减轻临床症状与体征。     

正交试验优化“柴胡-白芍”药对提取工艺的研究

目的:优选出柴胡-白芍药对的最佳提取工艺。方法:采用正交设计法,通过高效液相色谱法以柴胡皂苷a、d和芍药苷等苷类成分的含量为指标综合评价,优化提取工艺。结果:最佳提取工艺为加10倍量70%乙醇,提取2次,每次1.5 h。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定,可行。     

论滑寿对《内经》、《难经》研究的贡献

滑寿,字伯仁,一字伯休,晚号樱宁生。元末明初著名医家,著有《十四经发挥》、《诊家枢要》、《读素问钞》、《难经本义》等医学著作,为中医学的发展作出了巨大贡献。《十四经发挥》为针灸学著作,《诊家枢要》则是脉诊专著。《读素问钞》是分类整理、择要类编《素问》之作,开节要类编《素问》之先河。《难经本义》则考证《难经》条文出处,详加点校,求其本义,使《难经》医理彰显于世,成为注释《难经》的典范之作。本文通过对《读素问钞》和《难经本义》两书的分析探讨,论述了滑寿对《内经》、《难经》研究的贡献。