早期接触临床对医学生综合能力及职业认知提升效果评价

目的探讨早期接触临床对提高医学生综合能力及强化职业认知的作用。方法选择本校2014级儿科专业五年制学生,其中在大二结束的暑假开展早期接触临床教学活动的学生为实验组(78名),未参加的学生为对照组(81名)。在活动结束后,对参加教学活动的学生进行问卷调查。同时对该年级学生小儿外科学理论课成绩及临床实习表现进行统计分析。结果超过90%的学生对早期接触临床教学活动满意,认为该活动有助于提高医学生的临床思维、强化职业认知、增强学习兴趣、提高沟通技能、促进基础与临床知识相结合。同时,后期追踪分析发现,早期接触临床活动可以提高学生理论课考试成绩,实验组学生临床工作熟练度、临床思维、动手能力及医患沟通能力均优于对照组。结论在医学生中开展早期接触临床活动,能够提高学生的综合能力,有利于培养医学生的临床思维能力及医患沟通能力,强化职业认知,为医学教育培养高素质人才奠定良好基础。     

培养护理人员创新能力的方法及效果

目的探讨提高护理人员创新能力的有效方法。方法采用创新理论讲座及护理实践中引导护理人员运用创新理论的方法对护理人员进行创新教育。分别对干预前、后护理人员的创新能力进行评估。结果创新教育干预后护理人员的创新能力提高。结论创新教育是提高护理人员创新能力的一种适用、可行的方法。     

以培养综合能力为基础的药理学教学实践

【】针对药理学理论教学中存在的教学内容单一,教学形式僵化,学生主动性、兴趣性、参与性缺乏,及实验教学中学生对待实验的态度、动物保护观念、独立解决问题的能力等不足。本研究通过开展以培养综合能力为基础的教学实践,在丰富理论教学内容及形式、创新实验教学内容与方法、完善考核体系等方面做尝试。结果表明,通过对药理学理论教学方法的调整及实验教学内容及考核方式的改进,学生在掌握课程基础知识、提高实验操作能力方面得到进一步增强。     

临床医学毕业生医患沟通能力现状与思考

目的了解临床医学毕业生的医患沟通能力现状,分析形成的原因,并探讨加强培养的对策,以期为医学生医患沟通能力的培养提供参考。方法用自行设计的问卷对湖北医药学院2016届366名临床医学毕业生的医患沟通能力进行抽样调查,又以大体相同的内容调查患者及家属(266名)对毕业生医患沟通能力的评价。计数资料呈现偏态分布的采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z方式检验,计数资料呈现正态分布的采用卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果临床医学毕业生医患沟通能力整体水平不高,非言语技能(包括四个条目,分别为仪容仪表、身体语言、语速音量以及目光接触)总体符合率能达到63.5%(930/1464),但言语、倾听、理解等技能以及职业化及道德水平符合率都不足50%;不同性别的毕业生在不同类别的沟通技能上水平不同;毕业生的自我评价与患者及家属对毕业生的评价有区别。结论注重在校医学生普通人际沟通能力的培养;加强医学生医患沟通能力,特别是医学道德和职业化的教育和培养;强化青年医师医患沟通能力的继续教育。     

针灸联合运动想象疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫临床研究

目的:观察针灸联合运动想象疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者的临床疗效。方法:选择105例脑卒中偏瘫患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组。对照组45例给予常规内科治疗,治疗组60例在对照组基础上给予针灸联合运动想象疗法治疗。比较2组康复效果、运动功能(Fugl-Meyer)评分、下肢平衡能力(BBS)评分、四肢瘫功能指数(QIF)评分。结果:治疗组总有效率为95.0%,对照组为71.1%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组上肢功能、下肢功能等Fugl-Meye评分及总分均较疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组各项评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组BBS、QIF评分均较疗前升高(P<0.05),且治疗组BBS、QIF评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:针灸联合运动想象疗法在脑卒中偏瘫患者康复治疗中效果显著,可明显提高患者的运动功能、下肢平衡能力。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标,大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案,以导师制培养为载体,在医学本科教育全过程中,制定分阶段创新能力培养体系,涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练,强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现,“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI,主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足,但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著,对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

Colloidal Nanosilica Treatments for Sealing Cracks in Mortar

Presence of microcracks in concrete can diminish the service life of a structure. The injection of materials for filling the crack is proposed for facing this problem. The traditional materials used for sealing cracks present some drawbacks, such as the difficulties of inorganic materials for flowing to all the depth of the crack and the lack of compatibility with the cementitious matrix in the case of organic materials. In this work, the injection of colloidal nanosilica dispersed in water is proposed for filling microcracks in mortars. The effect of the injection procedure on the sealing performance of the colloidal nanosilica has been assessed. The ability of colloidal nanosilica for penetrating through the crack and its posterior gelification-solidification inside the crack after a curing period have been confirmed. The microscopic analysis of a cross-section of the crack indicates that the sealing ability of the nanosilica seems to be not only due to the filling of the crack but also to chemical interactions with the cementitious phases of the surrounding crack sides.     

Translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia; comparison with conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study is to evaluate translucency and masking ability of translucent zirconia compared to conventional zirconia and lithium disilicate materials.MATERIALS AND METHODSThree types of zirconia blocks with different yttria contents (3Y, 4Y, 5.5Y) and LS blocks (Rosetta SM) were used. Ten specimens for each group were fabricated with 10 mm diameter, with both 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (± 0.02 mm). All groups of zirconia specimens were sintered and polished according to the manufacturer’s instructions. To calculate the translucency parameter (TP), CIELAB value was measured with a spectrophotometer on black and white backgrounds. To investigate the color masking abilities, background shades of A2, normal dentin, discolored dentin, and titanium were used. The color difference (ΔE) was calculated with the CIELAB values of A2 shade background as a reference compared with the values in the various backgrounds. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were conducted (P < .05).RESULTSThe TP values of zirconia specimens increased as the yttria content increased. All materials used in the study were able to adequately mask normal dentin shade (ΔE < 5.5), but were incapable of masking severely discolored dentin (ΔE > 5.5). On the titanium background, all materials of 1.5 mm thickness were able to mask the background shade, but with a thickness of 0.8 mm, only 3Y-TZP and 4Y-PSZ were able to mask titanium background.CONCLUSIONAll zirconia materials and lithium disilicate specimens used in this study were unable to adequately mask the shade of severely discolored dentin. It is recommended to use 3Y-TZP or 4Y-PSZ with a sufficient thickness of 0.8 mm or more to mask titanium.     

卫生检验与检疫专业病毒学检验实验教学改革探索

"病毒学检验实验"是卫生检验与检疫专业必修的专业实践课,它注重培养学生在病毒学检验中的实践能力和解决问题能力.因此,本研究结合当前公共卫生需要,以提高学生实践综合能力为目标,进行实验教学改革与探索.本文对病毒学检验实验课程体系中的教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行改革探索,提出研究型、实战式、案例式病毒学检验实验教学模式...     

射野孔径形状控制器对直肠癌快速容积旋转调强放射治疗计划质量、机器传输能力和准确性的影响研究

目的:研究Eclipse 15.5治疗计划系统中射野孔径形状控制器(ASC)对直肠癌快速(Rapid Arc)容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)计划质量、机器传输能力和剂量传输准确性的影响.方法:选取医院收治的20例直肠癌患者,对每个病例生成ASC"off"、ASC"very low"、ASC"moderate"和ASC...