不同剂量照射后猪下丘脑血清激素及靶腺器官反应观察

目的结合当前临床开展的立体定向放射外科（ＳＲＳ）和立体定向放射治疗（ＳＲＴ）技术,对下丘脑神经内分泌功能的放射耐受剂量作初步探讨,为临床ＳＲＳ、ＳＲＴ治疗提供基础研究。方法对幼年猪下丘脑予以单次不同剂量照射,进行下丘脑及其靶腺器官的组织学观察,观察照射后血清睾酮、Ｔ３、Ｔ４、皮质醇水平的动态变化。结果下丘脑区５～２０Ｇｙ单次照射后,血清睾酮水平的降低出现得最早,１５Ｇｙ及２０Ｇｙ组血清睾酮水平在照射后呈持续低水平,此二组动物在照射后４～８周曾出现一过性甲状腺素水平降低,但其甲状腺功能基本正常,血清皮质醇水平未出现改变。结论①下丘脑神经分泌细胞具有不同的放射敏感性,可能以ＧｎＲＨ神经细胞最为敏感。②下丘脑ＴＲＨ神经细胞对５～２０Ｇｙ单次照射有一定的耐受性。③下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子神经细胞分泌功能对５～２０Ｇｙ单次剂量照射可以耐受。     

p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with prostate cancer

We assessed the potential clinical utility of levels of p53-specific antibodies as a novel serum biomarker of prostate cancer that could be used in conjunction with level of PSA. Material and methods Serum levels of p53-specific antibodies in patients with relapsed, newly diagnosed prostate cancer and in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia were quantified by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Result There was no significant difference (P = 0.96) between the serum levels of p53-specific antibodies in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and with benign prostatic hyperplasia. In the newly diagnosed prostate cancer group, stage T1c (n = 8) showed the lowest p53-specific antibody level. However, the difference between T1c group and benign prostatic hyperplasia group was not significant (P = 0.686). The relapsed cancer group tended to have low levels of the antibodies, and, there was no significant difference between the relapsed prostate cancer group and the benign prostatic hyperplasia group (P = 0.14). The serum levels of p53-specific antibodies in patients with metastatic and with localized prostate cancer showed no significant difference (P = 0.68). Conclusion The use of titers of p53-specific antibodies to make differential diagnosis between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia might have no role, and the antibodies should not be used as a marker of prostate cancer by itself. Because our study is based on small number of patients, further studies are necessary before its absolute validity can be determined.     

PTEN，表皮生长因子受体和Ki-67在胸腺瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨张力蛋白同源、10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶基因（phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten，PTEN）、表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）及增殖性核抗原Ki-67在人胸腺瘤发生、浸润和转移中表达的生物学意义及其相互关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法，检测45例胸腺瘤患者中PTEN、EGFR和Ki-67的表达，用5例先天性心脏病手术患者的正常胸腺组织作对照。结果5例正常胸腺组织中，PTEN全部为阳性表达，EGFR仅微量阳性表达，Ki-67无1例阳性表达。45例胸腺瘤组织中，从良性胸腺瘤、侵袭性胸腺瘤到胸腺癌，PTEN阳性表达率逐渐下降，差异有统计学意义（x^2=7．808，P=0．020）；EGFR、Ki-67表达率逐渐增高，差异有统计学意义（x^2=8．032，0．018，7．006，P=0．030）；PTEN、EGFR和Ki-67的阳性表达率与胸腺瘤的肿瘤性质、Masaoka分期及淋巴结转移等参数有关（P〈0．05）；PTEN与EGFR、Ki-67的表达呈负相关（r=0．632，-0．653；P〈O．01），EGFR与Ki-67的表达呈正相关（r-0．807，P〈O．01）。结论胸腺瘤的发病分子机制中存在多种基因变异，PTEN的失表达和EGFR、Ki-67的过度表达在其发生、浸润和转移中起一定的作用；PTEN、EGFR和Ki-67的异常表达密切相关，共同影响着胸腺瘤的发生、发展，三者的检测有助于对胸腺瘤的早期诊断，并判断其恶性程度、侵袭和转移能力及预后。     

胃癌切除胃肠袢Roux—en—Y瓣式吻合术183例临床观察

目的 胃肠短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术的抗反流效果,探讨Roux淤积综合征的防治方法。方法 随访986年10月至1997年6月胃癌切除胃空肠短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术183例,通过症状调查,按改良Visick标准评级,有症状借助消化道钡餐、胃镜并活检、B超、CT检查排除吻合口狭窄、残胃溃疡和肿瘤复发后,确定短袢Roux-en-Y瓣式吻合术的抗反流效果及Roux淤积综合征的发病率。结果 172例（94．0％）获随访结果,5例不满2年因肿瘤复发死亡,3例术后胃瘫,2例因粘连性肠梗阻接受粘连松解术,2例因腹膜广泛种植转移癌致肠梗阻。可进行改良Visick评级165例,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级12例皆为肿瘤复发,未发现有明显症状的反流性胃炎,无倾倒综合症和Roux淤积综合征。结论 扩大胃的切除范围,同时缩短Roux袢的长度,可防治Roux淤积综合征,对空肠空肠吻合口进行抗反渡加工,短袢Roux-en-Y吻合抗反流效果满意。     

胰腺癌血清肿瘤标记物联合检测的临床研究

目的：观察胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤标记物的表达,寻找对胰腺癌诊断与随访的有价值血清肿瘤标记物。方法：采用免疫分析法和放射免疫法检测92例胰腺癌患者的血清AFP、CEA、CA50、CA15－3、CA19－9、CA72－4、CA125和CA242共8种肿瘤标记物的表达,并与其它恶性肿瘤患者70例和良性疾病患者73例作对照,分析其临床诊断价值。结果：8种肿瘤标记物中CA19－9、CA242、CA50和CA125对胰腺癌诊断的相对价值较高,尤以CA19－9的诊断价值最高,灵敏度和特异度分别为82．6％和81．3％,平行法联合检测提高灵敏度至90．2％,系列法联合检测提高特异度93．5％,25例获手术切除者术后上述四项指标呈下降趋势。结论：血清CA19－9、CA242、CA50和CA125的检测对胰腺癌的诊断和随访是价值的,联合检测可以增加检测效率。     

A Bone Replaceable Artificial Bone Substitute: Osteoinduction by Combining with Bone Inducing Agent

Bone inducing agent (BIA) isolated from Saos-2 human osteosarcoma cells was added to an artificial bone substitute composed of 980 degrees C-heated carbonate apatite (CAp) and Type I atelocollagen (AtCol) extracted from bovine tail skins (88/12 in wt/wt %), and a CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute was prepared as an osteoinductive bone substitute. Rat calvaria osteoblasts treated by the isolated BIA demonstrated significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 3 days (p < 0.05). In vitro cell attachment and proliferation and ALP activity were investigated for the bone substitute combined with BIA. Osteoblasts cultured onto the surface of the CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute demonstrated remarkable morphological changes such as radial spreading, flattening, and projecting filopodia after 5 days. In comparison with the substitute without BIA, osteoblasts grown in the BIA-combined CAp-AtCol substitute expressed significantly increased proliferation and ALP activity, respectively (p < 0.05). Both the substitutes combined with and without BIA were implanted into artificial defects created in rabbit radii. After 4 weeks, the CAp-AtCol-BIA substitute implanted lesion was completely replaced by regenerated host bone in radiological observation whereas the substitute without BIA was partially resorbed. No histologic abnormalities appeared in the substitute either with or without BIA.     

Raloxifene Versus Continuous Combined Estrogen/Progestin Therapy: Densitometric and Biochemical Effects in Healthy Postmenopausal Taiwanese Women

We treated 116 healthy postmenopausal women (age 47–66 years, mean 57 years) in Taiwan with either raloxifene (RLX) 60 mg (n= 92) or 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (CCEP, n= 24) daily for 12 months in a randomized, double-masked, active-controlled fashion. The results showed that both regimens increased bone mineral density (BMD) at hip sites (means: RLX 2.5–4.9%, CCEP 4.6–7.9%, all p<0.005 compared with baseline), and the difference between the two regimens was not significant. The spinal BMD increased significantly in both groups (1.4% with RLX and 6.0% with CCEP, both p<0.01), and more with CCEP (p<0.003). Osteocalcin levels and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide/creatinine ratios decreased significantly in both regimens, but the decreases were significantly larger with CCEP. Compared with baseline, both RLX and CCEP decreased the total cholesterol (median 4.9% and 8.6% respectively, p<0.001) and LDL-cholesterol (median 11% and 19% respectively, p<0.001), and increased HDL-cholesterol (median 8.6% and 10.7% respectively, p<0.01). Both regimens increased triglyceride levels (median 3.2% and 18.9% respectively, both p<0.05), although to a lesser extent with RLX than with CCEP (p<0.05). Only 3 subjects (3.3%) reported vaginal bleeding in the RLX group, as compared with 31% (7/22) with CCEP (p<0.05). We conclude that in healthy, postmenopausal Taiwanese women, RLX 60 mg given daily has favorable results in BMD, bone turnover and serum lipids, although the dosage we used showed a potency less than that of conventional CCEP. Received: 22 November 2000 / Accepted: 25 June 2001     

腰椎间盘突出患者血清疼痛物质及炎性应激指标的变化研究

背景：腰椎间盘突出是临床较为常见的疾病,多数患者有不同程度的疼痛表现,严重影响生活质量。目的：探讨腰椎间盘突出患者血清疼痛物质及炎性应激指标的变化。方法方法：收集2012年7月至2014年5月收治的88例腰椎间盘突出患者（观察组）和同期进行健康体检的88例志愿者（对照组）的外周静脉血。采用酶联免疫法检测两组的血清疼痛物质（P物质、神经肽Y、神经生长因子）及炎性应激指标（白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-8、白细胞介素-10、降钙素原、超敏热休克蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α、干扰素-γ）水平并进行比较,同时比较观察组中不同PPI分级者的检测水平。结果：观察组的血清疼痛物质及炎性应激指标水平均显著高于对照组,且观察组中PPI分级较高者的检测水平高于PPI分级较低者（P〈0.05）。结论：腰椎间盘突出患者血清疼痛物质及炎性应激指标均呈高表达状态,且受疼痛程度的影响较大。     

成人微小病变肾病综合征发生急性肾损伤的相关影响因素分析

目的探讨成人微小病变肾病综合征发生急性肾损伤( AKI)的相关影响因素。 方法回顾性分析2002年1月1日至2015年12月31日在解放军总医院病理诊断为微小病变肾病,临床表现为首发肾病综合征的成年患者。记录其横断面临床及病理指标,并将其分为AKI组及非AKI组进行比较。用单因素及多元Logistic回归分析与AKI发生相关的影响因素。并对AKI相关的各影响因素进行交互作用检验。 结果共纳入403例患者,男女比例为1∶1.13,肾活检时平均年龄为(39.5 ± 15.1)岁,其中118(29.3%)例发生了AKI。AKI组与非AKI组相比,年龄、性别、尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮、估算的肾小球率过滤、肾小管萎缩、肾间质病变差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示高龄、男性、尿蛋白定量多、肾小管萎缩、肾间质水肿、间质纤维化及炎细胞浸润、高血压是成人微小病变肾病发生AKI的危险因素。交互作用检验表明血清白蛋白对AKI的作用受到肾间质纤维化的显著影响(P＝0.0 050),且在调整年龄分组、性别、高血压、尿蛋白定量、肾小管萎缩、肾间质水肿、肾间质炎细胞浸润混杂因素后,其交互作用仍显著(P＝0.0 263)。从多元Logistic回归分析可见,在无肾间质纤维化的人群中,血清白蛋白水平的升高是AKI的独立保护因素(调整后的OR 0.8,95%CI 0.7～ 0.9,P<0.001)。在有肾间质纤维化人群中,血清白蛋白的升高对AKI肾脏的保护作用不显著(调整后的OR 1.0,95%CI 0.9～1.0,P＝0.0 278)。 结论高龄、男性、尿蛋白定量多、肾小管萎缩、肾间质水肿、间质纤维化及炎细胞浸润、高血压是成人微小病变肾病综合征发生AKI的危险因素。血清白蛋白升高对AKI的保护作用受到肾间质纤维化的影响。