腺病毒3型急性呼吸道感染暴发流行的病原学调查

目的以血清学方法证实2004年江苏省苏北地区中小学生腺病毒3型急性呼吸道感染的暴发流行.方法应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测患者急性期IgM抗体、恢复期IgG抗体;应用中和试验方法检测患者急性期、恢复期血清和未患病学生对照血清的中和抗体,并应用SPSS11.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析.结果患者急性期IgM抗体阳性率为3.7%,恢复期IgG抗体阳性率为44.4%,恢复期中和抗体阳性率为59.5%;未患病学生分别为0%、8.3%和33.3%,卡方检验P值分别为0.510、0.018、0.226;9例患者配对双份血清中有6例患者恢复期血清中和抗体保护作用均较急性期血清明显增长;ELISA方法检测IgG与中和试验检测中和抗体的一致率为61.4%,Kappa检验P=0.070.结论血清学方法进一步证实苏北地区急性呼吸道感染暴发流行的病原体为腺病毒3型.     

肝细胞癌血清学诊断研究进展

肝细胞癌(HCC)的早期,正确诊断仍是当前研究的热点和难点.以甲胎蛋白(AFP)为代表的血清肿瘤标志物检测结合影像学及病理学检查已成为肝癌早期诊断的重要手段之一.现就其最新进展作一简述.     

Test de provocation par voie orale aux aliments chez l'enfant. Quand,pour qui et comment ? Interprétation

Oral food challenges (OFC) have to be carefully interpreted. OFC prove the food allergy or persistent food allergy. OFC prove also the absence or the cure of food allergy. Objective and subjective signs are distinguished. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms are more frequent than respiratory or systemic symptoms. Delayed reactions, isolated or associated, have to be taken into account. In some cases, the OFC cannot be interpreted. Negative double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge must be confirmed by an open manner.     

非侵入性肝脏线粒体功能评估新方法——13C呼气试验

线粒体在细胞能量代谢中具有重要作用,线粒体功能紊乱与肝病的发生和发展相关.活体内肝脏线粒体功能评估有助于了解特定肝脏功能、探讨肝病的致病机制,是诊断肝病、评估治疗手段和预后的有用工具.13C呼气试验由于其非侵入性,且具有较高的准确性以及独特的实时检测特性,可用于活体内肝脏线粒体功能的评估.本文就此作一综述.     

Hepatic safety of once-monthly injectable extended-release naltrexone administered to actively drinking alcoholics

Background:  Hepatoxicity has been reported with oral naltrexone. Hepatic safety data were examined from a 6-month study evaluating the efficacy and safety of a now available extended-release formulation of naltrexone (XR-NTX) in patients with alcohol dependence.
Methods:  In all, 624 patients (68% male; median age of 44 years) were randomly assigned to XR-NTX 380 mg ( n  = 205), XR-NTX 190 mg ( n  = 210), or placebo ( n  = 209).
Results:  There were no significant differences in alanine aminotrasferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or bilirubin levels between the study groups at study initiation or at subsequent assessments. Gamma-glutamyltransferase in the XR-NTX 380 mg group was lower compared with placebo at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 20. Both high (>3 times the upper limit of normal) liver chemistry tests (LCTs) and hepatic-related adverse events were infrequent in all study groups. In patients who were drinking heavily throughout the study, obese subjects, or those taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, there was no increase in frequency of high LCTs or hepatic-related adverse events in patients receiving XR-NTX (either dose) compared with placebo.
Conclusion:  Extended-release formulation of naltrexone does not appear to be hepatotoxic when taken at the recommended clinical doses in actively drinking alcohol-dependent patients.     

New serological markers in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease

The spectrum of serological markers associated with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is rapidly growing.Due to frequently delayed or missed diagnoses,the application of non-invasive diagnostic tests for IBD,as well as differentiation between ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD),would be useful in the pediatric population.In addition,the combination of pancreatic autoantibodies and antibodies against Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies/perinuclear cytoplasmic antibody(pANCA)improved the sensitivity of serological markers in pediatric patients with CD and UC.Some studies suggested that age-associated differences in the patterns of antibodies may be present,particularly in the youngest children.In CD,most patients develop stricturing or perforating complications,and a significant numberof patients undergo surgery during the disease course.Based on recent knowledge,serum antibodies are qualitatively and quantitatively associated with complicated CD behavior and CD-related surgery.Pediatric UC is characterized by extensive colitis and a high rate of colectomy.In patients with UC,high levels of antiCBir1 and pANCA are associated with the development of pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.Thus,serologic markers for IBD can be applied to stratify IBD patients into more homogeneous subgroups with respect to disease progression.In conclusion,identification of patients at an increased risk of rapid disease progression is of great interest,as the application of early and more aggressive pharmaceutical intervention could have the potential to alter the natural history of IBD,and reduce complications and hospitalizations.     

Excellente tolérance du prick-test dans l’exploration des allergies médicamenteuses en milieu de type hospitalier

Introduction

The diagnosis of drug allergy is based on clinical history and skin tests. Although medical literature reports a risk of allergic reactions during skin tests, our experience, based upon several thousands of patients since 1998, strongly suggests that skin tests with drugs are well tolerated.

Patients and methods

In this prospective study, we analysed the adverse effects observed during skin testing of 183 patients explored for suspected drug-induced immediate hypersensitivity, such as urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, and anaphylactic shock, between November 2004 and March 2005. Patients were first tested with prick-tests, and with intradermal tests (IDT) at 1/1000 and 1/100 dilutions of the prick solution only when the prick-tests were negative.

Results

One hundred and seventy-nine prick-tests and 169 IDT were realised with drugs diluted by the hospital's chemist. Nine of the 183 patients (5.0%) were diagnosed as having drug-induced immediate-type hypersensitivity, based on a severe suggestive initial reaction and immediate responses in prick or IDT. No reaction was observed during prick testing. IDT induced a non-severe reaction, with less severe symptoms than the initial accident, in one patient only.

Conclusion

Our results confirm the excellent tolerance of prick-tests. Also, they strongly suggest that it is important to investigate drug hypersensitivity with a well-defined protocol, in a hospital setting, starting with pricks and using low concentrations of drugs in IDT.     

2002-2007年郑州市人间布鲁杆菌病防治情况调查

目的 了解郑州市布鲁杆菌病(简称布病)流行状况,为制订布病防治对策提供科学依据.方法 2002-2007年,在郑州市选择巩义市为固定监测点,其他县(市、区)作为郑州市非固定监测点,每个县(市、区)选择4或5个乡(镇、场)连续监测,开展监测工作.2002-2005年应用布鲁杆菌素对固定监测点和非固定监测点职业重点人群进行皮内变态反应试验,对有可疑临床表现或皮内变态反应试验阳性人员做试管凝集试验(SAT);2006、2007年在非固定监测点开展家畜饲养繁殖企业做SAT检查.操作方法及判定标准均按<布鲁氏菌病防治手册>进行.结果 2002-2007年巩义市共调查13 831人,做皮内变态反应试验3744人,皮试阳性38人,阳性率1.01%(38/3744):做SAT检查2693人,阳性54人,阳性率2.01%(54/2693).确诊新发病例44例.2002-2005年郑州市11个非固定监测点共做皮内变态反应试验13 136人,皮试阳性82人,阳性率0.62%(82/13 136):2002-2007年做血清学检查1316人,SAT阳性66人,阳性率为5.02%,确诊51例新发病例.其中2006、2007年分别对242、688名饲养繁殖食业人员做SAT检查,阳性17、16人,阳性率分别为7.02%(17/242)、2.33%(16/688).结论 郑州市人间布病疫情有回升趋势,建议政府应加大经费投入,开展布病疫区监测调查和消毒工作,防止疫情扩大蔓延.     

Pulmonary Function and Ventilatory Limitation to Exercise in Congenital Heart Disease

Pulmonary function in older children and adolescents following surgical repair of congenital heart disease is often abnormal for various reasons. Many of these patients report symptoms of exercise intolerance although the reason(s) for this symptom can be complicated and sometimes interrelated. Is it simply deconditioning due to inactive lifestyle, chronotropic or inotropic insufficiency? or could there indeed be ventilatory limitation to exercise? These are the questions facing the clinician with the increasing frequency of patients undergoing repair early in life and growing into adulthood. Understanding pulmonary functional outcomes and means of determining ventilatory limitation to exercise is essential to thoroughly address the problem. This article reviews pulmonary function in patients with congenital heart disease and then describes a newer technique that should be applied to determine ventilatory limitation to exercise.