Functional Capacity in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Lower Limb Muscle Strength Matters

Objective

To investigate the relation between lower limb muscle strength, passive muscle properties, and functional capacity outcomes in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).

Six-Minute Walk Test Performance in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis While Using Passive or Powered Ankle-Foot Orthoses

Objective

To determine whether a powered ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) that provides dorsiflexor and plantar flexor assistance at the ankle can improve walking endurance of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).

The Effects of Functional Training,Bicycle Exercise,and Exergaming on Walking Capacity of Elderly Patients With Parkinson Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Single-blinded Trial

Objectives

To compare the effects of functional training, bicycle exercise, and exergaming on walking capacity of elderly with Parkinson disease (PD).

19530例泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体感染及药敏结果分析

目的：分析该地区泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药状况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒对19530例泌尿生殖道感染患者的送检标本进行检测,分析支原体感染及药敏情况。结果19530例送检样本中,支原体阳性11178例,阳性率为57.24%,其中解脲支原体(Uu)、人型支原体(Mh)、Uu+Mh 混合感染阳性率分别为44.63%、0.44%和12.17%;女性支原体阳性率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);2008~2014年支原体阳性率呈上升趋势;支原体对交沙霉素、强力霉素、米诺环素、克拉霉素敏感率分别为88.57%、84.32%、76.09%、71.53%,对喹诺酮类抗菌药物耐药率高;Uu、Mh 和 Uu+Mh 3类感染对12种抗菌药物的耐药种数递增。结论泌尿生殖道感染以 Uu 感染为主,Mh 感染多以混合感染方式出现;交沙霉素、强力霉素是该地区治疗支原体的首选药物,临床可参考药敏结果合理用药。支原体多重耐药情况严重,应引起临床重视。     

Prevalence and predictors associated with severe pulmonary hypertension in COPD

Background

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most common complications of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), but its severe form is uncommon. Various factors play an important role in the occurrence and severity of pulmonary hypertension in patients.

细菌性角膜溃疡误诊原因及预后分析

目的研究细菌性角膜溃疡的特点,分析引起误诊的原因,探讨影响患者预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析。以2011年1月至2013年12月间山东省眼科医院收治的83例(83只眼)确诊为细菌性角膜溃疡的患者作为研究对象。通过统计患者误诊疾病、发病诱因、眼部临床表现、就诊医院、所行辅助检查等,分析误诊原因。通过统计不同确诊时间的患者药物、手术治疗的情况,分析误诊患者确诊前病程与其预后的关系。结果 83例患者的发病诱因中49例有各种角膜外伤史,包括植物性外伤22例(占26.5%)。42例患者眼部临床表现为病史迁延、病灶边界不清,伴类似伪足或类似卫星灶、类似内皮斑等。33例患者于首诊医院误诊,误诊疾病分别为真菌性角膜炎28例(占33.7%)、病毒性角膜炎5例(占6.0%)。首诊医院为省市级医院的误诊率为29.3%,县级及以下医院的误诊率为50.0%。省市级医院行角膜刮片及培养者占70.7%,刮片阳性率27.6%。县级及以下医院行实验室检查者仅占30.1%,刮片阳性率15.4%。预后:误诊患者中确诊前病程≤2周者药物治愈6例(占30.0%),行角膜病灶切除治愈4例(占20.0%),行角膜移植治愈10例(50.0%),总治愈率100%。病程大于2周者,药物治愈2例(占15.4%),行角膜病灶切除治愈3例(占23.1%),行角膜移植治愈6例(46.1%),行眼内容剜除2例(占15.4%),总治愈率84.6%。结论目前细菌性角膜溃疡的误诊率仍较高,普及严格、规范的实验室检测结合其他辅助检查能有效降低误诊率。早确诊、早治疗有助于改善误诊患者预后。     

iNOS和CD34与复发性翼状胬肉的关联

目的：研究分析诱导型一氧化碳合成酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)和血管内皮因子CD34与复发性翼状胬肉发病之间的联系。

方法：选取2012-03/2014-10本院收治的复发性翼状胬肉患者15例作为本次研究的实验组,另选取同期15例单纯性胬肉患者作为对照组。通过免疫组化Envision法对两组患者的手术标本中的iNOS与CD34检测,并计算微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD),比较两组患者的iNOS与CD34阳性表达率和MVD值,分析iNOS和CD34对复发性翼状胬肉的影响作用。

结果：对照组中15例单纯性胬肉患者iNOS阳性表达率为7%(1例),实验组中15例复发性翼状胬肉患者iNOS阳性表达率为87%(13例); 对照组CD34阳性表达率为13%(2例),实验组CD34阳性表达率为80%(12例)。iNos与CD34在复发性翼状胬肉患者中较结膜正常人群中的阳性表达率明显增高,且均存在显著性差异(P<0.01)。实验组MVD值为46.02±10.88,对照组MVD为23.48±5.68,实验组MVD值明显高于对照组且两组存在统计差异(P<0.01)。

结论：iNOS与CD34在复发性翼状胬肉患者中阳性显著表达率高,说明iNOS与CD34与复发性翼状胬肉疾病的发生、发展存在一定联系。     

Do medicine residents triage patients with gastrointestinal bleeding appropriately?

Background: Gastrointestinal specialists depend on internal medicine (IM) teams to accurately identify acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). We evaluated whether IM residents’ assessment of GIB correlated with the impressions of GI specialists during consultations at an inner-city university teaching hospital. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to house staff requesting GIB consultations and to the GI fellows performing the consults between August 2011 and April 2012. Residents and fellows were asked to assess GIB, specifically melena, using a stool color card and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. Fellow DRE findings served as controls for stool color identification. Results: Eighty-seven GI consults were eligible for the study. Residents and fellows completed 81 and 86 questionnaires, respectively. A total of 76 questionnaires were included for analysis. A DRE was performed by medical staff before calling a consult in 65% of cases compared with fellows (97% of cases, P = 0.0001). Residents more frequently labeled stool as melena (42%) in patients as compared with fellows (12%, P = 0.0001). Residents inaccurately identified melenic stools in 22 patients (11 based on stool color and 11 based on DRE findings). Residents were more likely to label a consult as emergent than fellows (13.5% vs 4%, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Residents are less likely to perform DRE during an evaluation for GIB and to accurately identify melena based on stool color or DRE findings. There appears to be a need to educate residents on the appropriate terminology for stool color and the importance of DRE to accurately triage patients with acute GIBs.     

An occult finding in heparin drip order set

Background: In 1998, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) noted that the American healthcare system had many problems. A major concern was the pervasiveness of medical errors. Electronic medical records (EMR) were introduced for myriad of reasons, one being to reduce these errors. Within the EMR, order sets have been shown to reduce variation in clinical practice and improve the quality of care. However, the lack of standardization in these sets enables peculiar orders, such as fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the heparin drip order set at our hospital, to be surprisingly included. Our study was conducted to evaluate the consequences associated with having FOBT in this order set. Methods: A retrospective study of 898 adult hospitalized patients over a 6-month period, who had a heparin drip ordered at a single academic center, was conducted. The main focus of our study was the 130 patients for whom the FOBT was sent. Results: Fifteen percent (n = 130) of patients started on IV heparin had FOBT sent, of which 33 (25%) came back positive. Approximately one-third (36%) of the positive results were documented by a provider, either in a progress note or discharge summary. In eight instances of a positive FOBT (24%), the heparin drip was stopped. For 10 patients with a positive test (30%), gastroenterology was consulted, and 4 (12%) patients had inpatient endoscopy. Five patients with positive FOBT died while in the hospital (15%) as compared to seven patients (7%) in the negative FOBT group, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Most patients started on heparin did not have FOBT tested, and the results changed management infrequently, even when positive. The regular review of all order sets is imperative to ensure that they remain evidenced-based and sensible.