Smartphone Screen Time Among University Students in Lebanon and Its Association With Insomnia,Bedtime Procrastination,and Body Mass Index During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of increased smartphone screen time with insomnia, bedtime procrastination, depression, anxiety, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. MethodsAn online survey was performed for university students from all regions of Lebanon during the lockdown. The survey included questionnaires about smartphone screen time, diet, physical activity, psychological symptoms, and bedtime procrastination. We defined 6 hours of smartphone use as critical based on a survey done in United States. ResultsAmong female students, smartphone use duration, physical activity levels, BMI, depression, anxiety, and insomnia severity were significantly higher than in male. When we stratified participants based on 6 hours of smartphone use, females, unhealthy food consumption, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and bedtime procrastination were significantly higher in the group with ≥6 hours of smartphone use. When we divided based on 7 hours, physical activity and body weight also differed between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female, overweight, insomnia, and bedtime procrastination were significant predictors of a phone screen time of 7 hours. ConclusionOur findings suggest that adults should be more cautious and responsible when using smartphones and be more concerned about the health-related risks.     

析因设计在灭鼠毒饵诱饵组合筛选中的应用

目的：利用析因设计进行现场有选择性摄食试验,组合筛选灭鼠毒饵,以提高毒饵的接受性,并评价价优选毒饵的灭鼠效果。方法：将食糖、花生油、食盐和鱼粉取2－3种浓度全面组合后制备成36种0．005％溴敌隆颗粒试验毒饵,与对照毒饵一起在现场进行有选择性摄食试验,运用SPLM中文统计软件处理数据,优选配方,并利用优选配方毒饵和对照毒饵进行现场灭鼠效果试验。结果：第13号试验毒饵为优选毒饵,摄食系数为1．94,对照毒饵的摄食系数为0．54。鱼粉的添加不但降低了毒饵的接受性,而且与食盐间有交互作用。各诱饵间无二级交互作用。现场灭鼠试验,优选毒饵的灭鼠率为97．1％,对照毒饵为70．0％。结论：应用析因设计组合筛选灭鼠毒饵,方法可行;优选毒饵现场灭鼠效果好。     

Lower-Income Predicts Increased Smartphone Use and Problematic Behaviors Among Schoolchildren During COVID-19 Related School Modification: A Longitudinal Study

BackgroundAs the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued for a couple of years, the long-term effects of the pandemic and the subsequent school curriculum modification on the mental health of children and parents need to be investigated. To clarify the changes that can occur during one school year and to predict the risk factors for vulnerable groups, this study identified parameters relative to children’s screen time, their problematic behavior, and parental depression.MethodsA total of 186 participants were analyzed who were parents of elementary schoolchildren in South Korea. These parents were required to complete a web-based questionnaire twice. The questionnaires were conducted in June 2020 and September 2021. Participants’ general demographics including family income, children’s screen time, sleep patterns, problematic behavior, and parental depression were assessed via the parental questionnaire that included various measurement tools.ResultsChildren’s body mass index (BMI) increased significantly in 2021 (18.94 ± 3.75 vs. 18.14 ± 3.30, P < 0.001). Smartphone frequency of use per week (5.35 vs. 4.54, P < 0.001) and screen time per day (3.52 vs. 3.16, P < 0.001) significantly increased during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The television screen time (2.88 vs. 3.26, P < 0.001), frequency of viewing (3.77 vs. 4.77, P < 0.001), and children’s problematic behaviors significantly decreased (9.15 vs. 11.85, P < 0.001). A lower income household was a key predictor of increased smartphone frequency (B = 1.840, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.923–2.757, P < 0.001) and smartphone screen time (B = 1.992, 95% CI, 1.458–2.525, P < 0.001). The results showed that the lower income household (B = 5.624, 95% CI, 2.927–8.320, P < 0.001) and a child’s psychiatric treatment history (B = 7.579, 95% CI, 5.666–9.492, P < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of problematic behaviors of children and parental depression (B = 3.476, 95% CI, 1.628–5.325, P < 0.001; B = 3.138, 95% CI, 1.827–4.450, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggested that children’s smartphone screen time and BMI increased during COVID-19 because of the school curriculum modification following school closures in South Korea. The increased children’s problematic behaviors and parental depression were predicted by lower-income households and the previous psychiatric history of children. These results indicate that multiple social support systems to the vulnerable group are needed during the ongoing pandemic and that a modified school setting is required.     

用于筛选顺式反应元件的慢病毒启动子报告载体随机文库的构建

【摘要】 目的 建立含有随机序列与miniCMV融合的启动子,驱动抗生素耐药基因的表达;用于筛选和寻找不同处理条件下的反应性元件。方法 设计针对Puromycin抗性基因,即嘌呤霉素N 乙酰转移酶基因（puromycin N acetyl transferase gene, PAC）的引物,扩增目的条带并通过PacI+Pme1限制性内切酶克隆至目的载体pWPI;然后,设计并合成接头序列+20N随机序列+ miniCMV的融合片段,通过PCR的方法得到双链序列,并进行酶切,通过Cla1+PacI克隆入前述pWPI PAC载体。克隆得到的载体组合即为慢病毒反应元件筛选报告载体文库。在此基础上,我们将报告载体文库转染细胞,并进行超声照射。超声照射剂量为10min,100mW/cm2。每天一次,一共照射3天。每次超声照射后,对细胞进行puromycin处理。4天后,收集超声照射存活细胞,提取DNA,PCR扩增含有20N的序列并进行测序鉴定。结果 我们成功设计了一套文库构建方案,初步构建了20N随机序列+ miniCMV +Puromycin抗性基因的文库。将该文库转染细胞,超声照射后可以增加转染有对超声反应克隆细胞中抗性基因表达;我们通过获取Puromycin处理后的存活细胞,发现了潜在的对超声反应的调控元件。结论 我们构建的20N随机序列+ miniCMV +Puromycin抗性基因文库,可以用于筛选对超声等特定条件有表达调控反应的顺式反应元件;进而为该元件控制基因表达提供依据。     

知人能力测验在重性精神疾病筛检中的有效性分析

【目的】探讨知人能力测验应用于重性精神疾病筛检的有效性问题。【方法】采用知人能力测验,对武警某部698名新兵进行团体施测,以测验、回访、诊断的结果作为效度指标,计算知人能力测验的正确诊断指数。【结果】知人能力测验的灵敏度为100％,特异度为92％,正确诊断指数为0．92。【结论】知人能力测验的效度指标符合测验学要求,可以作为重性精神疾病筛检的研究和使用工具。     

网络成瘾和电子屏幕时间与抑郁症状的关联性研究

目的 探讨网络成瘾、电子屏幕时间与抑郁症状发生的关联。方法 选取2013-2019年天津慢性低度炎症与健康（TCLSIH）队列中6 932名正常体检的60岁以下成年人为研究对象。通过自我报告问卷评估研究对象网络成瘾程度、电脑/手机使用时间和电视使用时间。采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）评估研究对象的抑郁症状。根据SDS总分分为无抑郁症状组（<45分）和有抑郁症状组（≥45分）。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估网络成瘾和电子屏幕时间与发生抑郁症状的关联。结果 调整潜在的混杂因素后,与没有网络成瘾者相比,以前有网络成瘾者、轻度网络成瘾者、中/重度网络成瘾者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.83（0.56~1.23）、1.20（1.03~1.41）、1.48（1.16~1.89）。网络成瘾与出现抑郁症状之间的线性关联有统计学意义（趋势性P<0.001）;与使用电脑/手机0~h/d者相比,使用手机1~、3~、5~、>10 h/d者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为0.59（0.40~0.88）、0.58（0.40~0.85）、0.52（0.36~0.76）、0.69（0.45~1.05）。电脑/手机使用时间与随访期间出现抑郁症状之间的关联存在“U”形趋势（趋势性P<0.001）;未调整和初步潜在混杂因素后,与每天不使用电视者相比,电视使用时间≥3 h/d者随访期间发生抑郁症状的HR值（95%CI）分别为1.36（1.09~1.69）和1.34（1.07~1.68）。电视使用时间与出现抑郁症状之间存在关联（趋势性P<0.001）。结论 网络成瘾和电视使用时间与随访期间抑郁症状风险的增加有关,而电脑/手机使用时间与随访期间抑郁症状风险的降低有关。     

青果抗人免疫缺陷病毒活性部位的筛选研究

目的:筛选青果中作用于人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)gp41抑制HIV-1与靶细胞融合的活性部位。方法:分别用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂梯度萃取法获得青果挥发油、青果10%水提液的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取部位,用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测以上各部位抑制HIV-1与靶细胞融合的活性;测定活性部位中鞣质的含量,以确定青果中非鞣质成分与活性的关系。结果:青果10%水提液的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯萃取部位均有较强的抑制HIV-1与靶细胞融合的活性,其半数抑制浓度分别为(3.97±0.38)、(26.78±0.47)、(6.80±0.10)μg.mL-1;各部位中鞣质的含量分别为8.0%、9.6%、32%。结论:青果抑制HIV与靶细胞融合的活性部位为水提液的石油醚、氯仿和乙酸乙酯萃取部位,其中石油醚萃取部位活性最强,且很可能含有非鞣质类的活性物质。     

大学生久坐行为/屏幕时间与心理健康的Meta分析

目的系统梳理久坐行为/屏幕时间与大学生心理健康影响的相关文献, 旨在探讨大学生久坐行为/屏幕时间与心理健康之间的关系, 为促进大学生心理健康发展提供理论依据。方法在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普数据库和万方数据知识服务平台进行检索, 截止日期为2022年7月14日, 研究久坐行为/屏幕时间与大学生心理健康研究相关文献。由一名研究者按照拟订方案对纳入的文献进行数据提取并进行质量评分, 再由另一名研究者进行复核;对符合纳入标准的文献进行系统综述, 并根据文献可提取数据的情况, 采用Stata 14.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共有36篇文献符合纳入标准, 包括35篇观察性研究和1篇干预性研究。对久坐行为(4篇)、屏幕时间(9篇)与大学生抑郁、屏幕时间与大学生焦虑(4篇)进行Meta分析, 对其他研究进行系统综述。久坐行为与大学生抑郁的Meta分析结果显示, 较长的久坐时长增加了大学生抑郁风险(OR=1.07, 95%CI:1.05～1.10)。亚组分析显示, 未校正混杂因素模型中, 较长的久坐时长与抑郁不存在相关性(OR=1.74, 95%CI...     

Identification of patients with increased immunological risk among potential kidney recipients in the Polish population

Pretransplant identification of allosensitized patients is possible thanks to new technologies, which allow for accurate detection of clinically relevant alloantibodies. Implementation of these methods in the screening of patients awaiting transplantation increased their chance for successful donor–recipient matching.